4 research outputs found
PARÁSITOS GASTROINTESTINALES EN TAYASSU PECARI Y PECARI TAJACU DE VIDA LIBRE DE LA RESERVA DE LA BIÓSFERA Y TERRITORIO COMUNITARIO DE ORIGEN PILÓN LAJAS, BENI – BOLIVIA
Adult and immature gastrointestinal parasites from 47 tayassuids (27 Tayassu pecari and 20 Pecari tajacu) hunted for human consumption at the Pilon Lajas Biosphere Reserve and Indigenous Territory, Bolivia, were identified. Parasite eggs and oocysts were identified by fecal flotation and sedimentation, while adult parasites were obtained from the digestive tract and collected through the Travassos method for morphometric identification. Four nematode species (Texicospirura turki, Monodontus aguiari, Eucyathostomum dentatum and Ascaris sp.), one cestode (Monienzia benedeni), one trematode (Stichorchis giganteus) and Eimeria spp. oocysts were detected. Parasites of the Ascaris genera were detected only in T. pecari while the rest of the parasites were found in both tayassuid species. This study provides the first report for these parasites in peccaries from Bolivia. Given the close contact between Amazon inhabitants and tayassuids, and considering the zoonotic nature of Ascaris infections, further investigations into potential peccary to human transmission are warranted.La colecta de muestras biológicas de 47 tayassuidos (27 Tayassu pecari y 20 Pecari tajacu) cazados para consumo familiar en la Reserva de la Biosfera y Tierra Comunitaria de Origen Pilón Lajas, Bolivia, permitió la identificación de formas parasitarias inmaduras y adultas del aparato digestivo de ambas especies de ungulados. La identificación de huevos y ooquistes parasitarios se realizó empleando los métodos cualitativos de flotación y sedimentación para el análisis de heces, mientras que los parásitos adultos fueron recuperados del tracto digestivo y colectados mediante el método de Travassos para su identificación por morfometría. Cuatro especies de nematodos (Texicospirura turki, Monodontus aguiari, Eucyathostomum dentatum y Ascaris sp.), un céstodo (Moniezia benedeni), un tremátodo (Stichorchis giganteus) y ooquistes del género Eimeria spp. fueron identificados. Parásitos del género Ascaris sp. fueron detectados únicamente en T. pecari y los demás parásitos se registraron en ambas especies de tayassuidos. Los parásitos en este estudio se constituyen en nuevos reportes para ambas especies de ungulados en Bolivia. Dado el estrecho contacto existente entre los habitantes de comunidades amazónicas y tayassuidos, y dadas las características zoonóticas de las infecciones por Ascaris, se sugiere investigar la potencial tranmisibilidad de este grupo parásito entre pecaríes y personas
Socializing One Health: an innovative strategy to investigate social and behavioral risks of emerging viral threats
In an effort to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and control infectious diseases in animals and people, the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT project funded development of regional, national, and local One Health capacities for early disease detection, rapid response, disease control, and risk reduction. From the outset, the EPT approach was inclusive of social science research methods designed to understand the contexts and behaviors of communities living and working at human-animal-environment interfaces considered high-risk for virus emergence. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, PREDICT behavioral research aimed to identify and assess a range of socio-cultural behaviors that could be influential in zoonotic disease emergence, amplification, and transmission. This broad approach to behavioral risk characterization enabled us to identify and characterize human activities that could be linked to the transmission dynamics of new and emerging viruses. This paper provides a discussion of implementation of a social science approach within a zoonotic surveillance framework. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews and focus groups to better understand the individual- and community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices that potentially put participants at risk for zoonotic disease transmission from the animals they live and work with, across 6 interface domains. When we asked highly-exposed individuals (ie. bushmeat hunters, wildlife or guano farmers) about the risk they perceived in their occupational activities, most did not perceive it to be risky, whether because it was normalized by years (or generations) of doing such an activity, or due to lack of information about potential risks. Integrating the social sciences allows investigations of the specific human activities that are hypothesized to drive disease emergence, amplification, and transmission, in order to better substantiate behavioral disease drivers, along with the social dimensions of infection and transmission dynamics. Understanding these dynamics is critical to achieving health security--the protection from threats to health-- which requires investments in both collective and individual health security. Involving behavioral sciences into zoonotic disease surveillance allowed us to push toward fuller community integration and engagement and toward dialogue and implementation of recommendations for disease prevention and improved health security
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Implementing One Health approaches to confront emerging and re-emerging zoonotic disease threats: lessons from PREDICT.
Recurring outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging zoonoses, such as Ebola virus disease, avian influenza, and Nipah virus, serve as a reminder that the health of humans, animals, and the environment are interconnected and that early response to emerging zoonotic pathogens requires a coordinated, interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral approach. As our world becomes increasingly connected, emerging diseases pose a greater threat, requiring coordination at local, regional, and global levels. One Health is a multisectoral, transdisciplinary, and collaborative approach promoted to more effectively address these complex health threats. Despite strong advocacy for One Health, challenges for practical implementation remain. Here we discuss the value of the One Health approach for addressing global health challenges. We also share strategies applied to achieve successful outcomes through the USAID Emerging Pandemic Threats Program PREDICT project, which serve as useful case studies for implementing One Health approaches. Lastly, we explore methods for promoting more formal One Health implementation to capitalize on the added value of shared knowledge and leveraged resources