Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes among Youths in Jordan: Incidence and Trends for the period (2011-2016)

This study aimed at analyzing the incidence of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes among youths in Jordan for the period (2011-2016), the researchers adopted the survey methodology for the period of five years from the records of the medical centers (public and private) in Jordan. Also investigated the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in diagnosis and treatments. Results showed significant upward trend in the incidence of type 1 diabetes was observed overall with considerable variation across demographic subgroups of age, sex. And also showed among youths who were 10 to 19 years of age, unadjusted models revealed significant increases in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with increases observed across all age and sex

Radiologic Management of Vascular Malformations’ Interventional, Classification and Diagnosis

This study aimed at analyzing the diverse group of congenital vascular malformations, with respect to their place within the broader classification of vascular anomalies and their pathologic, clinical, and radiologic diagnosis and management. And the study discuss some of the techniques, agents, and approaches used in the interventional treatment of this difficult group of lesions. The researchers are aware and acknowledge that there are several different techniques and agents that can be used to treat these lesions. The techniques and agents described in this article have been used for years by the experts with good results. The aim of this study is to share experience in the management of vascular malformations with these techniques at Jordanian hospitals, and to assess the patient satisfaction levels by the evaluation of the follow-up of patients with vascular malformations treated in the Interventional Radiology Unit from January 2016 to December 2016. Patients were classified according to the hemodynamics of the lesions (high- vs. low-flow)

Association of TNF–α rs1800629 with Adult Acute B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia

TNF–α influences lymphomagenesis by upregulating proinflammatory and antiapoptotic pathways. In this study, we evaluated the frequency of TNF–α rs1800629 (–308 G>A) polymorphism in newly diagnosed adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and its correlation with age at diagnosis, gender and subtype of ALL. In this case control study, a total of 330 individuals were recruited, including 165 newly diagnosed adult patients with ALL, from the Radiation and Isotope Center in Khartoum (RICK) and 165 healthy normal controls. TNF–α rs1800629 polymorphism was tested through allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The frequency of the rs1800629 GA genotype was high (70.9% vs. 60%, OR = 1.84) in the patient group as compared to healthy controls, whereas GG and AA genotypes did not exhibit any statistically significant difference between controls and patients. Based on subtype, GG and GA rs1800629 genotypes showed increased risk of B-ALL (OR 0.46 and 2.12, respectively), whereas rs1800629 GG, GA and AA genotypes did not show any disease association with T-ALL (p > 0.05). Age at diagnosis and gender did not exhibit any association of rs1800629 with ALL in the patient group. In conclusion, rs1800629 is associated with high risk of adult B-ALL, with an insignificant effect of age at diagnosis and gender

Red Blood Cell Alloimmunization and Autoimmunization in Blood Transfusion-Dependent Sickle Cell Disease and β-Thalassemia Patients in Al-Ahsa Region, Saudi Arabia

Introduction. The risk of developing transfusion-related complications, especially alloimmunization, is an ongoing concern for transfusion-dependent patients. It is important to determine the rate of alloimmunization and autoimmunization in Al-Ahsa Region, Saudi Arabia, where sickle cell disease (SCD) and thalassemia incidence rates are the highest in Saudi Arabia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted to review the transfusion history of patients with SCD and thalassemia at the King Fahad Hospital (KFH) in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. 364 transfusion-dependent patients were included in this study. Results. Alloimmunization rates in patients with SCD and thalassemia were 16.7% and 11.97%, respectively, while autoimmunization rates in patients with SCD and thalassemia were 5.3% and 0.7%, respectively. The most frequent alloantibodies among the study participants were against Kell, Rh blood group systems. Conclusion. Blood transfusion-related alloimmunization and autoimmunization compromise the proper management of chronically transfused patients. Ideally, extended matched phenotyping should be implemented to prevent alloimmunization and reduce the risk of developing blood transfusion-related alloantibodies

Enhanced apoptotic activity of Pluronic F127 polymer-encapsulated chlorogenic acid nanoparticles through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in liver cancer cells and in vivo toxicity studies in zebrafish

In this study, chlorogenic acid nanoparticles encapsulated in Pluronic F127 polymer were synthesized and characterized to determine if they could treat human liver cancer. The nanoparticles were synthesized using standard procedures and characterized using physical and biological techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis, dynamic light scattering, Photoluminescence, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The anticancer effects were assessed using MTT analysis, acridine orange/ethidium bromide, reactive oxygen species (ROS), COMET assay, annexin-V/FITC, cell cycle analysis, and expression of marker genes against HepG2 cell lines. The results showed significant cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, and increased ROS production in treated cells compared to control cells. The nanoparticles also activated the apoptotic cascade and regulated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. The nanocomposites exhibited unique characteristics such as anticancer efficacy in vitro. Further research was conducted using zebrafish to model hematological parameters, liver enzymes, and histopathology to study effectiveness. Green-synthesized Pluronic F127–chlorogenic acid nanoparticles can be considered potential cancer therapy agents

Synthesis of nickel cobalt-codoped tin oxide nanoparticles from Psidium guajava with anticancer properties

Metal oxide nanoparticles have been found to selectively target the tumor cells while non-toxic to the normal cells. Leukemia is one of the widespread and deadly cancers in adults, as well as the most common cancer in children. Recently, the nanoparticles have evolved as a simple, economic, effective, and ecologically sound strategy among the known nanoparticle synthesis techniques. In the present study, the structural, optical, and antibacterial effects of nickel cobalt-codoped Tin oxide nanoparticles (SnNiCoO2 NPs) formulated by the green process and the anticancer potential of SnNiCoO2 NPs in Molt-4 cells have been studied. The cytotoxic potential of the NPs against Molt-4 cells was estimated by MTT assay. The ROS and MMP levels were measured using fluorescent dyes and the changes in morphology and nuclei were noted using AO/EB staining. CAT, SOD, MDA, and GSH), and Proinflammatory Cytokines (TNF-α and IL1β) were also studied. The activity of caspase-3, −9, and −8 levels was examined to analyze the apoptotic mechanism. The XRD patterns of SnNiCoO2 NPs revealed a tetragonal structure. The SnNiCoO2 NPs was revealed a diameter of 126 nm by the DLS study. The morphology and elemental composition were studied using FESEM and EDAX spectra. In the FT-IR study, the O-sn-O stretching band was found to be 615 and 542 cm-1. The antimicrobial potential of the SnNiCoO2 NPs was examined against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. Albicans strains. A tremendous reduction in the viability of MOLT-4 cells at concentration-dependent mode witnessed the cytotoxic potential of the formulated NPs. The augmented ROS accumulation, depletion of MMP status, depleted antioxidants, and increased proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL1β) were noted on the NPs exposed cells. Furthermore, the increased expressions of caspase-3, −9, and −8 was also noted in the NPs treated MOLT-4 cells. Hence, the outcomes suggest that the formulated SnNiCoO2 NPs had remarkably potent antimicrobial and anticancer properties and could potentially prove beneficial in cancer treatment. Induces mitochondrial oxidative stress with nickel–cobalt-codoped tin oxide nanoparticles from Psidium guajava, which is a potential drug candidate for the antibiotic, antifungal, and anticancer activities of plant-based nanoparticles

Structural, optical, antibacterial, and anticancer properties of cerium oxide nanoparticles prepared by green synthesis using Morinda citrifolia leaves extract

Currently, new advancements in the area of nanotechnology opened up new prospects in the field of medicine that could provide us with a solution for numerous medical complications. Although a several varieties of nanoparticles is being explored to be used as nanomedicines, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) are the most attractive due to their biocompatibility and their switchable oxidation state (+3 and +4) or in other words the ability to act as prooxidant and antioxidant depending on the pH condition. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is preferred to make it more economical, eco-friendly, and less toxic. The aim of our study here is to formulate the CeO2 NPs (CeO2 NPs) using Morinda citrifolia (Noni) leaf extract and study its optical, structural, antibacterial, and anticancer abilities. Their optical and structural characterization was accomplished by employing X-ray diffractography (XRD), TEM, EDAX, FTIR, UV-vis, and photoluminescence assays. Our CeO2 NPs expressed strong antibacterial effects against Gram-positive S. aureus and S. pneumonia in addition to Gram-negative E. coli and K. pneumonia when compared with amoxicillin. The anticancer properties of the green synthesized CeO2 NPs against human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) MOLT-4 cells were further explored by the meticulous study of their ability to diminish cancer cell viability (cytotoxicity), accelerate apoptosis, escalate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, decline the mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) level, modify the cell adhesion, and shoot up the activation of proapoptotic markers, caspase-3, -8, and -9, in the tumor cells. Altogether, the outcomes demonstrated that our green synthesized CeO2 NPs are an excellent candidate for alternative cancer therapy

Synthesis and characterization of ZnO–TiO2–chitosan–escin metallic nanocomposites: Evaluation of their antimicrobial and anticancer activities

This work intended to formulate bio-nanocomposites of zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium oxide (TiO2), chitosan, and escin, characterize their physical properties, and evaluate their antimicrobial and anticancer properties. X-ray diffractometers (XRD) and scanning and transmission electron microscopes were applied to characterize the morphology and ultrastructure of chemically synthesized bio-nanocomposites. To investigate the functional groups of bio-nanocomposites, we used Perkin–Elmer spectrometers for Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy for PL spectrum analysis. Antimicrobial activities against bacterial and fungal strains were tested with agar well diffusion. Bio-nanocomposites were tested for anticancer effects on a MOLT4 blood cancer cell line using morphological analysis, methyl thiazole tetrazolium assay, apoptosis by acridine orange/ethidium bromide, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). In XRD, FTIR, and PL, the active compounds of ZnO–TiO2, chitosan, and escin peaks were observed. Our bio-nanocomposites demonstrated antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens. The bio-nanocomposite was cytotoxic to MOLT4 cells at an IC50 concentration of 33.4 µg·mL−1. Bio-nanocomposites caused cytotoxicity, changes in cell morphology, and mitochondrial membrane potential degradation, all of which resulted in apoptotic cell death. MOLT4 cells were found to be responsive to bio-nanocomposites based on ZnO–TiO2–chitosan–escin

Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Effects of CuO-TiO2-Chitosan-Escin Nanocomposites on Human Leukemic MOLT4 Cells

Nanocomposites comprised of CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin, which has adjustable physicochemical properties, provide a solution for therapeutic selectivity in cancer treatment. By controlling the intrinsic signaling primarily through the mitochondrial signaling pathway, we desired nanocomposites with enhanced anticancer activity by containing CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin. The metal oxides CuO and TiO2, the natural polymer chitosan, and a phytochemical compound escin were combined to form CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin nanocomposites. The synthesized nanocomposites were confirmed and characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, TEM, and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. A human leukemia cell line (MOLT-4) was used to assess the efficacy and selectivity of nanocomposites. Based on a cytotoxicity study, CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin nanocomposites had inhibition concentrations (IC50) of 13.68, 8.9, and 7.14 µg/mL against human T lymphoblast cells after 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation, respectively. Compared with untreated MOLT-4 cells, CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin nanocomposite-treated cells significantly increased (p < 0.05) caspase-3, -8, and -9 and decreased the levels of antioxidant enzymes GR, SOD, and GSH. Furthermore, MDA for lipid peroxidase and ROS levels significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the treated cells than in the untreated cells. Remarkably, CuO-TiO2-chitosan-escin nanocomposite-mediated control of cell cycles were mainly achieved through the activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9

Still's disease continuum from childhood to elderly: data from the international AIDA Network Still's disease registry

Objective: Still's disease is more frequently observed in the paediatric context, but a delayed onset is not exceptional both in the adulthood and in the elderly. However, whether paediatric-onset, adult-onset and elderly-onset Still's disease represent expressions of the same disease continuum or different clinical entities is still a matter of controversy. The aim of this study is to search for any differences in demographic, clinical features and response to treatment between pediatric-onset, adult-onset and elderly-onset Still's disease. Methods: Subjects included in this study were drawn from the International AutoInflammatory Disease Alliance Network registry for patients with Still's disease. Results: A total of 411 patients suffering from Still's disease were enrolled; the disease occurred in the childhood in 65 (15.8%) patients, in the adult 314 (76.4%) patients and in the elderly in 32 (7.8%) patients. No statistically significant differences at post-hoc analysis were observed in demographic features of the disease between pediatric-onset, adult-onset and elderly-onset Still's disease. The salmon-coloured skin rash (p=0.004), arthritis (p=0.009) and abdominal pain (p=0.007) resulted significantly more frequent among paediatric patients than in adult cases, while pleuritis (p=0.015) and arthralgia (p<0.0001) were significantly more frequent among elderly-onset patients compared with paediatric-onset subjects. Regarding laboratory data, thrombocytosis was significantly more frequent among paediatric patients onset compared with adult-onset subjects (p<0.0001), while thrombocytopenia was more frequent among elderly-onset patients although statistical significance was only bordered. No substantial differences were observed in the response to treatments. Conclusions: Despite some minor difference between groups, overall, demographic, clinical, laboratory and treatments aspects of Still's disease were similarly observed in patients at all ages. This supports that pediatric-onset, adult-onset and elderly-onset Still's disease is the same clinical condition arising in different ages