Tolling the Three-Year Period for Discharge of Income Taxes: Is There Plain Meaning in 11 U.S.C. 507(a)(8)(A)(i)

Symposium - An Analysis of Developments in Bankruptcy La

Two-dimensional echocardiography in congenital heart disease

This thesis will describe the author's early experience in the study of congenital heart disease using two-dimensional echocardiography, which was, at the start of the work, a new diagnostic technique. A brief description will be given of the equipment, a real-time two-dimensional ultrasonic sector scanner developed by a team of electronic and mechanical engineers in the Department of Clinical Physics and Bio-engineering, Glasgow. The limitations of the original design will be outlined and the subsequent modifications which improved the image quality and were necessary to provide satisfactory studies from small infants will be described. Application of the technique first required that the normal two-dimensional echocardiographic anatomy be established; techniques which were developed for this, scanning plane's which were considered to give a full echocardiographic display of the anatomy of the heart, and the appearances in a group of normal infants and children will be described. A technique of examination having been established, infants and children with the following types of complex congenital heart disease were studied: transposition of the great arteries, corrected transposition of the great arteries, double outlet right ventricle, persistent truncus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia with and without a ventricular septal defect, aortic atresia, and total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. For each condition the echocardiographic appearances will be presented, their significance discussed, and, where possible, diagnostic criteria will be described. The findings in patients with atrioventricular canal malformations will be considered separately; echocardiographic features considered to identify the partial atrioventricular canal and the type A and the type C complete atrioventricular canal with standard and contrast echocardiography will be reported. The findings in the initial studies were applied in the study of a consecutive series of 64 cyanosed infants examined before cardiac catheterisation and angiocardiography; the results will be assessed and the diagnostic accuracy of two-dimensional echocardiography evaluated. Finally, the results described in this thesis and by other workers will be applied to suggest an approach to the diagnosis of congenital heart disease with two-dimensional echocardiography based on the principles of sequential chamber localisation, and to outline the present place of two-dimensional echocardiography in the investigation of patients with congenital heart disease

Social influences on flood preparedness and mitigation measures adopted by people living with flood risk

This paper aims to analyse evidence, based on one of the largest and most representative samples of households previously flooded or living with flood risk to date, of social patterns in a range of flood resilience traits relating to preparedness prior to a flood (e.g., property adaptations, contents insurance, etc.) and mitigations enacted during and immediately following a flood (e.g., receiving a warning, evacuation into temporary accommodation, etc.). The data were collected from a 2006 survey of 1223 households from a variety of locations across Scotland between one and twelve years after major local floods. Our analysis identifies remarkably few social differences in flood preparedness and mitigation measures, although some aspects of demography, housing and length of residence in an area, as well as personal flood history, are important. In light of this finding, we argue that social differences in vulnerability and resilience to flooding arise from deep-seated socio-economic and socio-spatial inequalities that affect exposure to flood risk and ability to recover from flood impacts. The engrained, but well-meaning, assumption in flood risk management that impoverished households and communities are lacking or deficient in flood preparedness or mitigation knowledge and capabilities is somewhat pejorative and misses fundamental, yet sometimes invisible, social stratifications play out in subtle but powerful ways to affect households’ and communities’ ability to avoid and recover from floods. We argue that general poverty and inequality alleviation measures, such as tax and welfare policy and urban and community regeneration schemes, are likely to be as, if not more, important in alleviating social inequalities in the long-term impacts of floods than social targeting of flood risk management policy

Exploring the Social Impacts of Flood Risk and Flooding in Scotland

No abstract available

Lindsay Anderson and the Legacy of Free Cinema

Accepting that Free Cinema’s legacy has been found on British cinema and television screens in the work of directors other than Lindsay Anderson, this article investigates whether Anderson’s own films and television programmes made after the mid-1970s (including not only those that were released but others that were not completed) reveal a continuing commitment to what he liked to call the Free Cinema ‘tradition’ of film-making. In so doing it draws critical attention to Anderson’s lesser known later works such as The Old Crowd, Is That All There Is?, In Celebration, The Whales of August and Glory! Glory! as well as to unmade projects such as The Grand Babylon Hotel, Dress Gray, Vile Bodies, Empire and If (2). . .

Transcriptomic response to ISAV infection in the gills, head kidney and spleen of resistant and susceptible Atlantic salmon

Abstract Background Infectious Salmon Anaemia virus (ISAV) is an orthomyxovirus responsible for large losses in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture. Current available treatments and vaccines are not fully effective, and therefore selective breeding to produce ISAV-resistant strains of Atlantic salmon is a high priority for the industry. Genomic selection and potentially genome editing can be applied to enhance the disease resistance of aquaculture stocks, and both approaches can benefit from increased knowledge on the genomic mechanisms of resistance to ISAV. To improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying resistance to ISAV in Atlantic salmon we performed a transcriptomic study in ISAV-infected salmon with contrasting levels of resistance to this virus. Results Three different tissues (gills, head kidney and spleen) were collected on 12 resistant and 12 susceptible fish at three timepoints (pre-challenge, 7 and 14 days post challenge) and RNA sequenced. The transcriptomes of infected and non-infected fish and of resistant and susceptible fish were compared at each timepoint. The results show that the responses to ISAV are organ-specific; an important response to the infection was observed in the head kidney, with up-regulation of immune processes such as interferon and NLR pathways, while in gills and spleen the response was more moderate. In addition to immune related genes, our results suggest that other processes such as ubiquitination and ribosomal processing are important during early infection with ISAV. Moreover, the comparison between resistant and susceptible fish has also highlighted some interesting genes related to ubiquitination, intracellular transport and the inflammasome. Conclusions Atlantic salmon infection by ISAV revealed an organ-specific response, implying differential function during the infection. An immune response was observed in the head kidney in these early timepoints, while gills and spleen showed modest responses in comparison. Comparison between resistance and susceptible samples have highlighted genes of interest for further studies, for instance those related to ubiquitination or the inflammasome

Engaging students in a genetics course-based undergraduate research experience utilizing Caenorhabditis elegans in hybrid learning to explore human disease gene variants

Genetic analysis in model systems using bioinformatic approaches provides a rich context for a concrete and conceptual understanding of gene structure and function. With the intent to engage students in research and explore disease biology utilizing the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans model, we developed a semester-long course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) in a hybrid (online/in-person) learning environment—the gene-editing and evolutionary nematode exploration CURE (GENE-CURE). Using a combination of bioinformatic and molecular genetic tools, students performed structure-function analysis of disease-associated variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in human orthologs. With the aid of a series of workshop-style research sessions, students worked in teams of two to six members to identify a conserved VUS locus across species and design and test a polymerase chain reaction-based assay for targeted editing of a gene in the nematode and downstream genotyping. Research session discussions, responsible conduct of research training, electronic laboratory notebook, project reports, quizzes, and group poster presentations at a research symposium were assessed for mastery of learning objectives and research progress. Self-reflectionswere collected from students to assess engagement, science identity, and science efficacy.Qualitative analysis of these reflectionsindicated several gains suggesting that all students found many aspects of the GENE-CURE rewarding (learning process of research, self-confidencein research and science identity, and personal interest) and challenging (iterative research and failure, time management, COVID-19 pandemic, and life issues)

Social Influences on Flood Preparedness and Mitigation Measures Adopted by People Living with Flood Risk

From MDPI via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: accepted 2021-10-15, pub-electronic 2021-10-21Publication status: PublishedThis paper aims to analyse evidence, based on one of the largest and most representative samples of households previously flooded or living with flood risk to date, of social patterns in a range of flood resilience traits relating to preparedness prior to a flood (e.g., property adaptations, contents insurance, etc.) and mitigations enacted during and immediately following a flood (e.g., receiving a warning, evacuation into temporary accommodation, etc.). The data were collected from a 2006 survey of 1223 households from a variety of locations across Scotland between one and twelve years after major local floods. Our analysis identifies remarkably few social differences in flood preparedness and mitigation measures, although some aspects of demography, housing and length of residence in an area, as well as personal flood history, are important. In light of this finding, we argue that social differences in vulnerability and resilience to flooding arise from deep-seated socio-economic and socio-spatial inequalities that affect exposure to flood risk and ability to recover from flood impacts. The engrained, but well-meaning, assumption in flood risk management that impoverished households and communities are lacking or deficient in flood preparedness or mitigation knowledge and capabilities is somewhat pejorative and misses fundamental, yet sometimes invisible, social stratifications play out in subtle but powerful ways to affect households’ and communities’ ability to avoid and recover from floods. We argue that general poverty and inequality alleviation measures, such as tax and welfare policy and urban and community regeneration schemes, are likely to be as, if not more, important in alleviating social inequalities in the long-term impacts of floods than social targeting of flood risk management policy