Desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos de desreplicação por RMN, EM e análise multivariada do perfil metabolômico de espécies de Solanaceae com potencial biológico

The use of drugs from natural sources is as old as humanity itself. However, due to the economic impact caused by globalization, many pharmaceutic industries searched for alternatives to speed-up assays aiming for simpler structural molecules and low-costs budgets. Therefore, the insertion and development of methods of dereplication associated to metabolomics studies through an approach in system biology is a key issue when searching for bioactive molecules. Recently, due to the advancement of technology, the use of hyphenated techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to spectroscopic methods like nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) intensified the metabolomic and system biology research in plants and fungi thus, accelerating the selection of bioactive substances. This project aims to study the molecular dynamics in complex matrixes using multivariate analysis and in doing so generating analytical tools to apply as a rational approach towards the study of bioactive natural products and the understanding of their complexity. To accomplish this task, specimens deposited in our bank of extracts, from the Solanaceae family, little studied on their chemical composition but that showed interesting bioactivities form initial biological screenings, will be the object of study on this project.O uso de extratos e tinturas de partir de fontes naturais para fins terapêuticos remonta o aparecimento da humanidade. A ação biológica proveniente destas misturas é justificado pela diversidade estrutural e química de seus compostos na qual, interagem concomitante a diferentes alvos proteicos. No entanto, os últimos anos foram marcados pela substituição das metodologias clássicas de isolamento e teste biológicos por ferramentas de automação como High Throughput Screening (HTS) e o uso da química combinatória para a geração de substâncias. No entanto, os resultados até o momento foram insatisfatórios e a indústria tem retomado o uso dos produtos naturais. Para tanto, ela tem buscado por abordagens mais racionais de detecção e identificação estrutural de biomarcadores. Dentro dessa óptica, a inserção e o desenvolvimento de metodologias de desreplicação associadas a estudos metabolômicos sob a visão da biologia sistêmica torna-se crítica na busca por micromoléculas ativas. Recentemente, o uso de técnicas hifenadas como a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE), associadas a métodos espectroscópicos de RMN e a espectrometria de massas de alta resolução (EMAR), tem sido fundamentais na geração de métodos analíticos em estudos metabolômicos e de biologia sistêmica em plantas, fungos endofíticos, e outras organismo, acelerando a escolha de matrizes bioativas promissoras. Este projeto visa ao entendimento das relações moleculares presentes em matrizes dinâmicas gerando ferramentas analíticas para uma abordagem racional no estudo de produtos naturais bioativos. Para tanto, espécimes depositadas na nossa extratoteca, da família Solanaceae, pouco estudadas no que diz respeito a sua composição química serão o objeto de estudo deste projeto

Estudo de Jatropha gossypifolia e J. multifida (Euphorbiaceae) aplicando métodos analíticos in silico e de desreplicação, visando a detecção e elucidação in situ dos constituintes micromoleculares com atividade acetilcolinesterásicas e antioxidante

No presente trabalho foram detectados e analisados os metabólitos secundários majoritários das espécies Jatropha multifida L. e J. gossypifolia L., fazendo uso de ferramentas quimiométricas de vanguarda, visando a otimização do processo de extração para, posteriormente, obter cromatogramas de fingerprint através da técnica acoplada CLAE-UV/DAD. Para a espécie J. gossypifolia L. a mistura 1 : 1 clorofórmio : isopropanol apresentou a melhor condição de extração enquanto para J. multifida L. a composição 2/3 : 1/6 : 1/6 de etanol : acetona : 1,4-dioxano foi a que obteve a melhor resposta. Os cromatogramas de fingerprint foram realizados fazendo uso de uma coluna monolítica C-18 (5 µm), como fase estacionária, enquanto a fase móvel para análise da espécie J. gossypifolia L. foi composta por água e uma mistura de solventes orgânicos, MeOH : ACN, na proporção (68 : 32), em gradiente exploratório de 5-100% de fase orgânica. Para a espécie J. gossypifolia L., as condições otimizadas foram: temperatura de coluna de 30 °C, fluxo em 2,0 mL·min-1 e o volume de injeção de 30 µL. Para J. multifida L. a fase móvel foi composta por água e uma mistura MeOH : ACN 1 : 1 em gradiente exploratório 5-100% de fase orgânica. A temperatura de coluna de 40 °C, o fluxo de 2,5 mL·min-1 e o volume de injeção foi de 30 µL. Foram realizados bioensaios in vitro, tais como a redução do reagente DPPH (ação antioxidante), inibição da polimerização da hematina bovina (ação antimalárica), inibição enzimática de acetilcolinesterase (doença de Alzheimer) e o ensaio da inibição do crescimento de fungos fitopatógenos. Nenhum dos extratos brutos avaliados, apresentou atividade significativa quando comparados com os padrões. Quanto à detecção dos metabólitos, a aplicação de métodos de desreplicação aos extratos permitiram a identificação de algumas classes...The main goal of this research was to detect and analyze major secondary metabolites from Jatropha multifida L. and J. gossypifolia L. species, using state of art techniques in chemometrics aiming the optimization of the extraction process prior to the acquisition of the fingerprint chromatogram using HPLC-UV/DAD. The optimized extraction condition for Jatropha gossypifolia was the binary mixture 1:1 chloroform:isopropanol, while to Jatropha multifida L. the mixture was ternary consisting of 2/3:1/6:1/6 ethanol:acetone:1,4-dioxane. The fingerprint chromatograms were runned using an exploratory gradient consisting of 5-100% of organic solvent, using a C-18 (5 µm) column, as stationary phase, and then the mobile phase was optimized, through the use of chemometrics for each species. In the case of Jatropha gossypifolia L. the phase consisted in a mixture of 68:32 MeOH:ACN, under a column temperature of 30 oC, injection volume of 30 µL and a flow of 2.0 mL.min-1. For Jatropha multifida L. was 1:1 MeOH:ACN, under column temperature of 40 oC, flow of 2,5 mL.min-1 and an injection volume of 30 µL. Some in vitro bioassays were performed, such as, reduction of the reagent DPPH (antioxidant action), inhibition of polymerization of the haematin bovine (antimalarial), enzymatic inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase (Alzheimer’s disease) and the assay of inhibition of the growth of phytopatogenic fungi. None of the crude extracts showed significant activities when compared to the used standards. The application of dereplication methods allowed the identification of some classes of compounds, already reported for Jatropha, such as terpenoids and flavonoids. The strategy developed to performed the dereplication, used an in silico approach through the matching and analysis of the spectrometric and spectroscopic data sets obtained using NMR and HPLC-HRMS(ESI)-MS2 with databases of high... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

New Perspectives on Chlorogenic Acid Accumulation in Harvested Leaf Tissue: Impact on Traditional Medicine Preparations

Chlorogenic acids (CGAs) are known as an important class of natural products found in different plant species and are of great interest in diverse research fields. Described as powerful antioxidant agents, these compounds can be found in high concentrations in commonly consumed foods and beverages and in herbal preparations traditionally used in Chinese, Ayurvedic, European, and popular medicines from the new world and are responsible for several pharmacological activities. Considering that diverse mechanisms may possibly be involved in plant metabolite production, herein we evaluated if CGA postharvest accumulation can be a consequence of processes other than anabolism. The objective was to compare the concentrations of chlorogenic acids in leaves subjected to different time-controlled periods of drying at room temperature. A quantitative method, using ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, was developed to monitor the content of CGAs in coffee, lemon, Brazilian cherry, and rosemary leaves. Caffeoylquinic, feruloylquinic, and p-coumaroylquinic acids were accumulated throughout 30 days of postharvest drying in all of the studied species. The results indicate that soft drying is crucial for the accumulation of chlorogenic acids and that their content in plant material may be a consequence of more than just anabolic mechanisms. Knowing that other processes such as catabolism and turnover reactions may participate in the accumulation of natural products, it is possible to discuss the mechanisms that lead to higher concentrations of pharmacologically important substances in different plant species, including plants traditionally used in folk medicine

Integrating Molecular Network and Culture Media Variation to Explore the Production of Bioactive Metabolites by Vibrio diabolicus A1SM3

10 páginasVibrio diabolicus A1SM3 strain was isolated from a sediment sample from Manaure Solar Saltern in La Guajira and the produced crude extracts have shown antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and cytotoxic activity against human lung cell line. Thus, the aim of this research was to identify the main compound responsible for the biological activity observed and to systematically study how each carbon and nitrogen source in the growth media, and variation of the salinity, affect its production. For the characterization of the bioactive metabolites, 15 fractions obtained from Vibrio diabolicus A1SM3 crude extract were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS and their activity was established. The bioactive fractions were dereplicated with Antibase and Marinlit databases, which combined with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and fragmentation by MS/MS, led to the identification of 2,2-di(3-indolyl)-3-indolone (isotrisindoline), an indole-derivative antibiotic, previously isolated from marine organisms. The influence of the variations of the culture media in isotrisindoline production was established by molecular network and MZmine showing that the media containing starch and peptone at 7% NaCl was the best culture media to produce it. Also, polyhydroxybutyrates (PHB) identification was established by MS/MS mainly in casamino acids media, contributing to the first report on PHB production by this strain

Vochysiaceae: secondary metabolites, ethnopharmacology and pharmacological potential

Many Vochysiaceae species, in special Qualea and Vochysia genera, are widely used in folk medicine to treat several diseases. This review describes some aspects of their ethnopharmacology potential, biological activity and the secondary metabolites reported so far for Vochysiaceae. The chemical constituents of this family include triterpenoids, steroids and polyphenols like flavonoids and ellagic acid derivatives.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Metabolite profiles of essential oils in citrus peels and their taxonomic implications

China is an important center of origin for the genus Citrus L. of the family Rutaceae and is rich in wild Citrus species. The taxonomy of Citrus has been a subject of controversy for more than a half century. We propose that the metabolite profiles of Chinese native Citrus species can be used for classification and understanding of the taxonomic relationships within the Citrus germplasm. In this study, triplicate gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolite profiles of 20 Citrus species/varieties were acquired, including 10 native varieties originating in China. R-(+)-limonene, alpha-pinene, sabinene and alpha-terpinene were found to be major characteristic components of the essential oils analyzed in this study, and these compounds contributed greatly to the metabolic classification. The three basic species of the subgenus Eucitrus (Swingle's system), i.e., C. reticulata Blanco, C. medica L. and C. grandis Osb., were clearly differentiated based upon their metabolite profiles using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). All the presumed hybrid genotypes, including sweet orange (C. sinensis Osb.), sour orange (C. aurantium L.), lemon (C. limon Burm.f.), rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush.), rangpur lime (C. limonia Osb.) and grapefruit (C. paradisi Macf.), were grouped closely together with one of their suggested parent species in the HCA-dendrogram and the PLS-DA score plot. These results clearly demonstrated that the metabolite profiles of Citrus species could be utilized for the taxonomic classification of the genus and are complementary to the existing taxonomic evidence, especially for the identification and differentiation of hybrid species

Computational methods for NMR and MS for structure elucidation II: database resources and advanced methods

Technological advances have contributed to the evolution of the natural product chemistry and drug discovery programs. Recently, computational methods for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) have speeded up and facilitated the process of structural elucidation even in high complex biological samples. In this chapter, the current computational tools related to NMR and MS databases and spectral similarity networks, as well as their applications on dereplication and determination of biological biomarkers, are addressed

Dereplication of Natural Products Using GC-TOF Mass Spectrometry: Improved Metabolite Identification by Spectral Deconvolution Ratio Analysis

Dereplication based on hyphenated techniques has been extensively applied in plant metabolomics, avoiding re-isolation of known natural products. However, due to the complex nature of biological samples and their large concentration range, dereplication requires the use of chemometric tools to comprehensively extract information from the acquired data. In this work we developed a reliable GC-MS-based method for the identification of non-targeted plant metabolites by combining the Ratio Analysis of Mass Spectrometry deconvolution tool (RAMSY) with Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System software (AMDIS). Plants species from Solanaceae, Chrysobalanaceae and Euphorbiaceae were selected as model systems due to their molecular diversity, ethnopharmacological potential and economical value. The samples were analyzed by GC-MS after methoximation and silylation reactions. Dereplication initiated with the use of a factorial design of experiments to determine the best AMDIS configuration for each sample, considering linear retention indices and mass spectral data. A heuristic factor (CDF, compound detection factor) was developed and applied to the AMDIS results in order to decrease the false-positive rates. Despite the enhancement in deconvolution and peak identification, the empirical AMDIS method was not able to fully deconvolute all GC-peaks, leading to low MF values and/or missing metabolites. RAMSY was applied as a complementary deconvolution method to AMDIS to peaks exhibiting substantial overlap, resulting in recovery of low-intensity co-eluted ions. The results from this combination of optimized AMDIS with RAMSY attested to the ability of this approach as an improved dereplication method for complex biological samples such as plant extracts