Экосоциальные проблемы развития республики Бангладеш

Article is devoted what socially to country development. Difficulties, which faced the republic of Bangladesh on the way of the development, are shown. Some statistical data on the basic ecological and to socio-economic indexes of development of a state are provided.Статья посвящена экосоциальному развитию страны. Показаны трудности, с которыми сталкивается республика Бангладеш на пути своего развития. Приводятся некоторые статистические данные по основным экологическим и социально-экономическим показателям развития государства

Antidepressant, analgesic activity and SAR studies of substituted benzimidazoles

Purpose. Benzimidazole class of compound is found to have diverse biological properties. From the literature study, it is observed that depression is a severe mental disease affecting a huge population and pain is affecting about 20% of world population. In continuation of our previous research work, we selected benzimidazole pharmacophore to further explore its pharmacological activities. Methods. Forced swim test and Thermal stimulus test were used to assess the antidepressant and analgesic activity of synthesized benzimidazole analogs. Results. The antidepressant activity results showed that compound 3j was found most potent having Mean ± SEM value 21.6 ± 0.8 for treated group. Furthermore, in the analgesic test, 3b, 3j, and 3o showed Mean ± SEM values; 1.8 ± 0.10, 2.3 ± 0.10 and 2.2 ± 0.10, respectively. The study results suggested that these compounds could be explored further for the development of better antidepressant and analgesic agents. Conclusion. From the present study, it may be concluded that these active benzimidazole derivatives have been found to possess potential antidepressant and analgesic activit

Bioactive constituents and in vitro antibacterial properties of Petroselinum crispum leaves, a common food herb in Saudi Arabia

Herbs used as daily food additives are good resources for novel pharmaceutical agents. The study investigated the bioactive components of cold methanol maceration extract of Petroselinum crispum leaves. Spectral analysis with GC-MS and FT-IR studies demonstrated the presence of fatty acids and steroids, with fatty acids being the predominant components. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 13-docosenoic acid methyl ester, (Z), cis-13-docosenoic acid, cis-11-eicosenoic acid methyl ester, 11-octadecenoic acid (stearate), methyl ester, hexadecanoic acid (palmitate) methyl ester, 15-tetracosenoic acid methyl ester (Z), cyclopentanone, 3,4-bis(methylene), and stigmastan-3-ol, 5-chloro- acetate. The FT-IR analysis of the fingerprint region displayed significant peaks at 3176.08, 2949, 2173, and 1018 cm-1, indicating the presence of aliphatic amino acids, steroidal compounds, isothiocyanates, polysaccharides, tannins and saponins. The cold methanolic extract (CME) of P. crispum produced a low spectrum of antibacterial effects against some screened human pathogenic bacteria and the phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of carbohydrates, steroids, and saponins. The extract exhibited a better spectrum of activity against Gram-negative bacteria than against Gram-positive bacteria

Bioactive constituents and in vitro antibacterial properties of Petroselinum crispum leaves, a common food herb in Saudi Arabia

445-450Herbs used as daily food additives are good resources for novel pharmaceutical agents. The study investigated the bioactive components of cold methanol maceration extract of Petroselinum crispum leaves. Spectral analysis with GC-MS and FT-IR studies demonstrated the presence of fatty acids and steroids, with fatty acids being the predominant components. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 13-docosenoic acid methyl ester, (Z), cis-13-docosenoic acid, cis-11-eicosenoic acid methyl ester, 11-octadecenoic acid (stearate), methyl ester, hexadecanoic acid (palmitate) methyl ester, 15-tetracosenoic acid methyl ester (Z), cyclopentanone, 3,4-bis(methylene), and stigmastan-3-ol, 5-chloro- acetate. The FT-IR analysis of the fingerprint region displayed significant peaks at 3176.08, 2949, 2173, and 1018 cm-1, indicating the presence of aliphatic amino acids, steroidal compounds, isothiocyanates, polysaccharides, tannins and saponins. The cold methanolic extract (CME) of P. crispum produced a low spectrum of antibacterial effects against some screened human pathogenic bacteria and the phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of carbohydrates, steroids, and saponins. The extract exhibited a better spectrum of activity against Gram-negative bacteria than against Gram-positive bacteria

Synthesis and biological evaluation of triphenyl-imidazoles as a new class of antimicrobial agents

Newer triphenyl-imidazole derivatives (4a-h) were synthesized in good yields by the reaction of benzil and substituted benzaldehydes in equimolar quantities and refluxing the product with acetyl chloride thereafter. Structures were confirmed by using FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic methods. All the synthesized compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activity using agar diffusion technique against Gram positive (Staphhylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), Gram negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aureginosa) as well as Fungal strain (Candida albicans). Interestingly compounds 4a, 4b, 4f and 4h showed significant antibacterial activity, whereas compound 4b was found to have remarkable activity against the fungal strain. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of most active compounds were determined by broth dilution method and compound 4b emerged to have potent activities against most of the strains having MIC in the range of 25-200 µg/mL. To check the possible toxicities of the most active compounds, they were orally administered in rats and the concentration of liver enzymes serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) were determined. Compound 4h showed significant increase in the enzymes level depicting the hepatotoxicity. The structure-activity relationship studies showed the importance of electron withdrawing groups at the distant phenyl ring at ortho and para positions as the compounds having chloro or nitro at these positions tend to be more active than the compounds with electron releasing groups such as methoxy. These compounds may act as lead compounds for further studies and appropriate modification in their structure may lead to agents having high efficacy with lesser toxicity

Under Weightiness among Ever-married Non-pregnant Women in Bangladesh: A Population Based Study

Abstract The increasing prevalence of under weightiness among young women is a growing public health concern. This paper identified the determinant factors of under weightiness among non-pregnant ever-married women in Bangladesh. Data and necessary information of 16,206 non-pregnant ever-married women were extracted from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011. The chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were used as the statistical tools to analyze the data. The results revealed that the women are found underweight around two times more (15.4% in urban, and 28% in rural) in the rural areas than that of urban areas in Bangladesh. Almost all the factors are found statistically significantly associated with underweight for both urban and rural areas. The binary logistic regression model identified the higher risk of being underweight in the younger age group (15-24 years), illiteracy, husband's illiteracy, having more children, poor economic condition, not having exposure to mass media, household food unsecured, and genital discharged women for both urban and rural areas. The under weightiness among non-pregnant ever-married women for both urban and rural areas are prevalent. Therefore, there is a need for public health programs related to nutrition that are able to address both the areas simultaneously

Assessing the Influence of Land Cover and Climate Change Impacts on Runoff Patterns Using CA-ANN Model and CMIP6 Data

Dhaka city is experiencing rapid land cover changes, and the effects of climate change are highly visible. Investigating their combined influence on runoff patterns is vital for sustainable urban planning and water resources management. In this work, multi-date land cover classification was performed using a random forest (RF) algorithm. To validate accuracy of land cover classification, an assessment was conducted by employing kappa coefficient, which ranged from 85 to 96%, indicating a high agreement between classified images and the reference dataset. Future land cover changes were forecasted with cellular automata-artificial neural network (CA-ANN) model. Further, soil conservation service -curve number (SCS-CN) rainfall-runoff model combined with CMIP6 climate data was employed to assess how changes in land cover impact runoff within Dhaka metropolitan development plan (DMDP) area. Over the study period (2020–2100), substantial transformations of land cover were observed, i.e., built-up areas expanded to 1146.47 km2 at the end of 2100, while agricultural areas and bare land diminished considerably. Consequently, monsoon runoff increased from 350.14 to 368.24 mm, indicating elevated hydrological responses. These findings emphasized an intricate interplay between urban dynamics and climatic shifts in shaping runoff patterns, underscoring urgency of incorporating these factors into urban planning strategies for sustainable water resources management in a rapidly growing city such as Dhaka

Virosome: An engineered virus for vaccine delivery

The purpose of immunization is the effective cellular and humoral immune response against antigens. Several studies on novel vaccine delivery approaches such as micro-particles, liposomes & nanoparticles, etc. against infectious diseases have been investigated so far. In contrast to the conventional approaches in vaccine development, a virosomes-based vaccine represents the next generation in the field of immunization because of its balance between efficacy and tolerability by virtue of its mechanism of immune instigation. The versatility of virosomes as a vaccine adjuvant, and delivery vehicle of molecules of different nature, such as peptides, nucleic acids, and proteins, as well as provide an insight into the prospect of drug targeting using virosomes. This article focuses on the basics of virosomes, structure, composition formulation and development, advantages, interplay with the immune system, current clinical status, different patents highlighting the applications of virosomes and their status, recent advances, and research associated with virosomes, the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of virosomes based vaccines and the future prospective

Daidzein from Dietary Supplement to a Drug Candidate: An Evaluation of Potential

Daidzein (DDZ) is a well-known nutraceutical supplement belonging to the class of isoflavones. It is isolated from various sources such as alfalfa, soybean, and red clover. It demonstrates a broad array of pharmacological/beneficial properties such as cardiovascular exercise, cholesterol reduction, and anticancer, antifibrotic, and antidiabetic effects, which make it effective in treating a wide range of diseases. Its structure and operation are the same as those of human estrogens, which are important in preventing osteoporosis, cancer, and postmenopausal diseases. It is thus a promising candidate for development as a phytopharmaceutical. Addressing safety, efficacy, and physicochemical properties are the primary prerequisites. DDZ is already ingested every day in varying amounts, so there should not be a significant safety risk; however, each indication requires a different dose to be determined. Some clinical trials are already being conducted globally to confirm its safety, efficacy, and therapeutic potential. Furthermore, as a result of its therapeutic influence on health, in order to establish intellectual property, patents are utilized. In light of the vast potential of eugenol, this review presents a detailed data collection on DDZ to substantiate the claim to develop it in the therapeutic category