Antimicrobial Activity of Nanoparticle Calcium Hydroxide against Enterococcus Faecalis: An In Vitro Study

Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) has the ability to invade the dentinal tubules and resist high pH levels. As a result, calcium hydroxide (CH) is not much effective on this bacterium. In theory, nanoparticle calcium hydroxide (NCH) has smaller size and high surface area that enables it to penetrate into the deeper layers of dentin and be more effective on E. faecalis. This in vitro study was designed to compare the antimicrobial activity of NCH and CH against E. faecalis. Methods and Materials: The antimicrobial activity of NCH against E. faecalis was evaluated by two independent tests: the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of intracanal medicament and agar diffusion test (ADT). The efficiency of the medicament in dentinal tubules was evaluated on 23 human tooth blocks that were inoculated with E. faecalis. The tooth blocks were assigned to one control group (saline irrigation) and two experimental groups receiving CH and NCH as intracanal medication. The optical density in each group was assessed with spectrophotometer after collecting samples from dentin depths of 0, 200 and 400 µm. Data were analyzed by SPSS software ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Dunnett’s test. Results: The MIC for NCH was 1/4 of the MIC for CH. NCH with distilled water (DW) produced the greatest inhibition zone in agar diffusion test. NCH had greater antimicrobial activity in dentin samples from depths of 200 and 400 µm compared to CH. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity of NCH was superior to CH in culture medium. In dentinal tubules the efficacy of NCH was again better than CH on the 200- and 400-µm samples.

USAGE OF SMARTPHONE BY HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS: A STUDY ON JHIKARGACHA SUB-DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH

Students now have more access to online courses thanks to the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study included high school students and aimed to comprehend the drivers behind smartphone use as well as the consequences of smartphone consumption. The school-based work in the sub-district area is not seen in that way, despite the fact that there are numerous forms of research on the use of mobile phones in the context of the city, college, or university. Bangladesh's upazila (subdistricts), in particular, do not have a lot of school-related work. The study uses a quantitative approach. In order to choose Jhikargacha Upazila of Jessore District, which is situated in the Southwest of Bangladesh, purposive sampling is utilized. Additionally, three schools were purposefully selected for data collection. A further offline survey was used to collect data, and SPSS version 24 was used to analyze the findings. In addition, the facts and context of smartphone usage are analyzed using the uses and gratification theory. Most participants claimed to use their smartphones for a range of purposes and to devote varying amounts of time to each. When the corona pandemic forces all educational activities to be conducted online, they are using cellphones. Additionally, certain changes in their daily routine have been brought about by using a smartphone. Some of them think it affects their day-to-day activities by making them feel detached from reality, stay up late, experience worry and melancholy, etc.  Article visualizations

A Right Atrial Mass with Fever and Cutaneous Nodules

Primary cardiac tumors, although exceedingly rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis during workup of any cardiac mass. Extranodal cardiac lymphomas have a natural aggressive course due to delayed diagnosis. We present a 71-year-old male with a dual-chamber pacemaker who presented with fevers and new cutaneous nodules. He was found to have a right atrial primary anaplastic large-cell lymphoma and had a complete metabolic response after chemotherapy. Our case highlights the importance of a multimodality approach in the diagnosis of cardiac tumors and during follow-up after treatment

Historical Analysis of Rationalizing South-West Coastal Polders of Bangladesh

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Nutritional & Colorectal Health

Kentucky has the highest incidence and mortality rate of all site cancers, and Kentuckians residing in the Appalachian region often have worse outcomes, where cancer is a leading cause of death. Focusing on colorectal cancer (CRC) specifically, Kentucky ranks first nationwide for incidence (50 cases per 100,000 people) and fifth for mortality (about 17 deaths per 100,000 people). The Kentucky Colon Cancer Screening Program increased screening rates and reduced mortality since its launch. Yet, CRC remains a leading cause of death for Kentuckians. Risk factors for CRC include increasing age as well as a history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and genetics. But what about nutrition? This article will discuss the role of specific nutrients as they relate to CRC risk and development

Optimization of energy production and central carbon metabolism in a non-respiring eukaryote

Most eukaryotes respire oxygen, using it to generate biomass and energy. However, a few organisms have lost the capacity to respire. Understanding how they manage biomass and energy production may illuminate the critical points at which respiration feeds into central carbon metabolism and explain possible routes to its optimization. Here, we use two related fission yeasts, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Schizosaccharomyces japonicus, as a comparative model system. We show that although S. japonicus does not respire oxygen, unlike S. pombe, it is capable of efficient NADH oxidation, amino acid synthesis, and ATP generation. We probe possible optimization strategies through the use of stable isotope tracing metabolomics, mass isotopologue distribution analysis, genetics, and physiological experiments. S. japonicus appears to have optimized cytosolic NADH oxidation via glycerol-3-phosphate synthesis. It runs a fully bifurcated TCA pathway, sustaining amino acid production. Finally, we propose that it has optimized glycolysis to maintain high ATP/ADP ratio, in part by using the pentose phosphate pathway as a glycolytic shunt, reducing allosteric inhibition of glycolysis and supporting biomass generation. By comparing two related organisms with vastly different metabolic strategies, our work highlights the versatility and plasticity of central carbon metabolism in eukaryotes, illuminating critical adaptations supporting the preferential use of glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation

Evaluating the Readability of Online Blood Cancer Education Materials Across Different Readability Measures

Introduction The National Institutes of Health and the American Medical Association recommend patient education materials (EMs) be at or below the sixth-grade reading level. The American Cancer Society, Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, and National Comprehensive Cancer Network have accurate blood cancer EMs. Methods One hundred one (101) blood cancer EMs from the above organizations were assessed using the following: Flesch Reading Ease Formula (FREF), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Gunning Fog Index (GFI), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook Index (SMOG), and the Coleman-Liau Index (CLI). Results Only 3.96% of patient EMs scored at or below the seventh-grade reading level in all modalities. Healthcare professional education materials (HPEMs) averaged around the college to graduate level. For leukemia and lymphoma patient EMs, there were significant differences for FKGL vs. SMOG, FKGL vs. GFI, FKGL vs. CLI, SMOG vs. CLI, and GFI vs. CLI. For HPEMs, there were significant differences for FKGL vs. GFI and GFI vs. CLI. Conclusion The majority of patient EMs were above the seventh-grade reading level. A lack of easily readable patient EMs could lead to a poor understanding of disease and, thus, adverse health outcomes. Overall, patient EMs should not replace physician counseling. Physicians must close the gaps in patients\u27 understanding throughout their cancer treatment

Health Disparities Experienced by Hispanic Americans with Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review

Health disparities in multiple myeloma (MM) disproportionately affect minorities. Characterization of health disparities encountered by Hispanic Americans with MM is necessary to identify gaps and inform future strategies to eliminate them. We performed a systematic review of publications that described health disparities relevant to Hispanic Americans with MM through December 2021. We included all original studies which compared incidence, treatment, and/or outcomes of Hispanic Americans with other ethnic groups. Eight hundred and sixty-eight articles were identified of which 22 original study articles were included in our systematic review. The number of publications varied over time with the highest number of studies (32%) published in 2021. Most of the published studies (59%) reported worse outcomes for Hispanic Americans with MM compared to other ethnic groups. There is growing evidence that Hispanic Americans with MM are facing a multitude of disparities that require immediate attention and solutions

Anti mullerian hormone: Ovarian response indicator in young patients receiving long GnRH agonist protocol for ovarian stimulation

Objective: Anti Mullerian hormone (AMH) is gaining place as ovarian marker, chiefly in infertility assistance. We explored its correlation with oocytes retrieval after long GnRH agonist protocol for stimulation, in younger and older infertile population.Methods: This retrospective analysis compiled data of 166 females, receiving ICSI treatment from June 2014 to March 2015. Serum FSH, LH, Estadiol, AMH and antral follicle count were assessed. Outcomes were measured as good (5 to 19 oocytes) and bad responders.Results: Higher discriminatory power of AMH (AUROC; 0.771; p \u3c 0.05) was seen in comparison to FSH (0.692; p \u3c 0.05) and AFC (0.690; p \u3c 0.01). AMH reported strongest association with oocyte retrieved (odds ratio of 15.06). Subgroup analysis reported 68.6 % risk of bad response with AMH levels of less than 1.37ng/ml. This association was observed more significant in young infertile patients \u3c35 year of age (r=0.245; p=0.012) versus older population \u3e35 year (r=0.169; p\u3e0.05).Conclusion: Our study reaffirms that serum AMH correlates well with oocytes retrieved, particularly in females younger than 35 years. We suggest incorporation of AMH in baseline assessment of infertile females, who are falsely advised to postpone interventions based on their age and normal FSH levels