Comparative Analysis of E–Shape and H-Shape Microstrip Slotted Antenna on the Basis of Return Loss and Bandwidth

icro-strip patch antenna is more popular as compared to other antennas and widely used today in modern wireless communication system because of its elegant weight, low fabrication price, easy to feed, ease to fabricate, easy to analyze, and attractive radiation characteristics. Though patch antennahas several advantages but has some disadvantages as well, like limited bandwidth and low gain. In last few years, Different techniques such as Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure, artificial magnetic conductor (AMC)/ and modifying the structure of microstrip patch antenna are used to overcome the above mentioned limitations. In this paper, we propose two different geometry shape antennas i.e. E and H-shaped which is developed from the rectangular patch and compare the performance of the proposed antennas on the basis of gain and Bandwidth with the same physical dimensions. The CST Micro studio simulator is used to study the antennas. Bandwidth and Return loss of E-shaped Antenna is much better than that of H-shaped antenna. The results obtained clearly demonstrations that, the implementation of the E-Shape is much better in term of bandwidth and return loss compared to the H-shaped patch antenna. So it’s better to use E-shaped antenna for modern wireless communication system

Quantification of rutin in rats brain by UHPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS after intranasal administration of rutin loaded chitosan nanoparticles

Rutin (RT), an antioxidant drug, has been utilized to treat cerebral ischemia hence a sensitive quantification method for estimation of RT in brain homogenate is necessary to develop. This study aims to prepare RT loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles (RT-CS-NPs) develop and validate ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-synapt mass spectrometric method Synapt Mass Spectrometry (Synapt MS) (UHPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) for quantification of RT in brain homogenate from Wistar rat. The process of chromatographic separation was carried out on Waters ACQUITY UPLC™ with the components of separation in detail as; column: BEH C-18 with dimension as 2.1 mm×100 mm and particle size 1.7 µm, mobile phase: acetonitrile (85 % v/v/v): 2 mM ammonium formate (15 % v/v/v): formic acid (0.1 % v/v/v) and flow rate: 0.25 mL/min. Liquid-liquid extraction method (LLE), in mixture, i.e. ethyl acetate:acetonitrile, was considered to optimize the recovery of analyte from the brain homogenate of Wistar rat. Over a total run time of 5 minutes, the elution time for RT and internal standard (IS), i.e. Tolbutamide, observed was 2.67 and 2.82 min respectively whereas the transition observed for RT and IS was at m/z 611.1023/303.1071 and 271.1263/155.1073, respectively. Results, regarding various processes and parameters studied for RT as summarized, established a linear dynamic range over a concentration range of 1.00 ng/mL - 1000.0 ng/mL with r2; 0.9991±0.0010. Accuracy for intra and inter-assay in terms of % CV revealed a range of 0.45- 2.11 whereas lower limit of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) observed was 0.09 ng/mL and 0.142 ng/mL, respectively. The analyte stability as well as method specificity and accuracy, i.e. recovery > 86 %, supports the idea for application of current developed method in order to quantify and evaluate the RT-loaded-CS-NPs for RT determination in brain homogenate after intranasal drug delivery

Singly-fed rectangular dielectric resonator antenna with a wide circular polarization bandwidth and beamwidth for WiMAX/satellite applications

A rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) has been excited using a unique conformal H-shaped metal strip. Using this excitation, the degenerate mode pair of first higher orderTE d13 x and TE 1d3 y has been excited for bandwidth improvement and high gain. A broadband circular polarization (CP) over a bandwidth of -20% (3.67-4.4 GHz) in conjunction with a wide impedance-matching bandwidth of -27.7% (3.67-4.73 GHz) has been achieved. A CP beamwidth of 89° has been offered by the antenna in F = 0° plane and -32° in F = 90° plane. A high gain of -6.8 dBic has been provided by the antenna, which is a significant improvement to those circularly polarized rectangular DRAs reported in the literature for similar applications. This broad CP bandwidth and beamwidth can be considerably beneficial for the worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) and satellite applications. Furthermore, the proposed antenna has been fabricated to validate the simulated results. The measured results have been observed to agree well with the simulated results

Impact on power quality due to large-scale adoption of compact fluorescent lamps-a review

The demand of electrical energy has grown tremendously in the last couple of decades across the globe. The energy conservation and management has attracted the attention of stake holders for efficient utilisation of the resources. One of the major steps taken by the authorities towards conservation of electrical energy is replacement of incandescent lamps (ILs) by compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). CFL uses electronic circuit for its ignition, making them a non-linear load on utility grid. Large-scale replacement of ILs has enormous effects on utility grid in terms of power quality. This paper reviews the work conducted by several researchers investigating the effect of using CFLs on power quality. Basic terminologies related to power quality is defined. The experimental results elaborate the pollution on the grid in the term of total harmonic distortion in current due to adoption of CFLs. The methodologies of harmonic measurement system are reviewed. Different software used for the analysis is presented. The paper will help the researchers to receive a comprehensive overview of power-quality issues.This study was made possible by UREP [grant number 15-075-2-027] from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation).Scopu

Effects of Nigella sativa and Lepidium sativum on Cyclosporine Pharmacokinetics

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Nigella sativa and Lepidium sativum on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine in rabbits. Two groups of animals were treated separately with Nigella sativa (200 mg/kg p.o.) or Lepidium sativum (150 mg/kg p.o.) for eight consecutive days. On the 8th day, cyclosporine (30 mg/kg p.o.) was administered to each group one hour after herbal treatment. Blood samples were withdrawn at different time intervals (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 12, and 24 hrs) from marginal ear vein. Cyclosporine was analyzed using UPLC/MS method. The coadministration of Nigella sativa significantly decreased the max and AUC 0−∞ of cyclosporine; the change was observed by 35.5% and 55.9%, respectively ( ≤ 0.05). Lepidium sativum did not produce any significant change in max of cyclosporine, although its absorption was significantly delayed compared with control group. A remarkable change was observed in max and AUC 0− of Lepidium sativum treated group. Our findings suggest that concurrent consumption of Nigella sativa and Lepidium sativum could alter the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine at various levels

Synthesis of Boron-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanosheets by Using Phyllanthus Emblica Leaf Extract: A Sustainable Environmental Applications

The use of Phyllanthus emblica (gooseberry) leaf extract to synthesize Boron-doped zinc oxide nanosheets (B-doped ZnO-NSs) is deliberated in this article. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows a network of synthesized nanosheets randomly aligned side by side in a B-doped ZnO (15 wt% B) sample. The thickness of B-doped ZnO-NSs is in the range of 20–80 nm. B-doped ZnO-NSs were tested against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli. Against gram-negative bacterium (K. pneumonia and E. coli), B-doped ZnO displays enhanced antibacterial activity with 26 and 24 mm of inhibition zone, respectively. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), mean free path (MFP), half-value layer (HVL), and tenth value layer (TVL) of B-doped ZnO were investigated as aspects linked to radiation shielding. These observations were carried out by using a PTW® electron detector and VARIAN® irradiation with 6 MeV electrons. The results of these experiments can be used to learn more about the radiation shielding properties of B-doped ZnO nanostructures

Low Temperature Synthesis of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles and Their ROS Mediated Inhibition of Biofilm Formed by Food-Associated Bacteria

In the present study, a facile environmentally friendly approach was described to prepare monodisperse iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (IONPs) by low temperature solution route. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using x-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) measurements, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analyses. XRD patterns revealed high crystalline quality of the nanoparticles. SEM micrographs showed the monodispersed IONPs with size ranging from 6 to 9 nm. Synthesized nanoparticles demonstrated MICs of 32, 64, and 128 μg/ml against Gram negative bacteria i.e., Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively, and 32 μg/ml against Gram positive bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. IOPNs at its respective sub-MICs demonstrated significant reduction of alginate and exopolysaccharide production and subsequently demonstrated broad-spectrum inhibition of biofilm ranging from 16 to 88% in the test bacteria. Biofilm reduction was also examined using SEM and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Interaction of IONPs with bacterial cells generated ROS contributing to reduced biofilm formation. The present study for the first time report that these IONPs were effective in obliterating pre-formed biofilms. Thus, it is envisaged that these nanoparticles with broad-spectrum biofilm inhibitory property could be exploited in the food industry as well as in medical settings to curtail biofilm based infections and losses