Energy-Efficient Robot Configuration and Motion Planning Using Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization

The implementation of Industry 5.0 necessitates a decrease in the energy consumption of industrial robots. This research investigates energy optimization for optimal motion planning for a dual-arm industrial robot. The objective function for the energy minimization problem is stated based on the execution time and total energy consumption of the robot arm configurations in its workspace for pick-and-place operation. Firstly, the PID controller is being used to achieve the optimal parameters. The parameters of PID are then fine-tuned using metaheuristic algorithms such as Genetic Algorithms and Particle Swarm Optimization methods to create a more precise robot motion trajectory, resulting in an energy-efficient robot configuration. The results for different robot configurations were compared with both motion planning algorithms, which shows better compatibility in terms of both execution time and energy efficiency. The feasibility of the algorithms is demonstrated by conducting experiments on a dual-arm robot, named as duAro. In terms of energy efficiency, the results show that dual-arm motions can save more energy than single-arm motions for an industrial robot. Furthermore, combining the robot configuration problem with metaheuristic approaches saves energy consumption and robot execution time when compared to motion planning with PID controllers alone

産業用6軸ロボットの新しい幾何学モデルの提案

内容の要約広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(工学)Doctor of Engineeringdoctora

PD-like FLC with Admittance Control of Hexapod Robot’s Leg Vertical Positioning for Seabed Locomotion

This paper presents a proposed Proportional and Derivative (PD)-like Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) (PD-FLC) on dynamic control for vertical positioning of Hexapod Robot walking on seabed environment. The study has been carried out by modeling the buoyancy force following the restoration force to achieve the drowning level according to the Archimedes’ principle. The restoration force need to be positive in order to ensure robot locomotion is not affected by buoyancy factor. As for this force control solution, PD-FLC is used and integrated with admittance control that based on the total of force of foot placement by considering Center of Mass (CoM) of the robot during walking period. This integrated control technique is design and verify on the real-time based 4 degree of freedom (DoF) leg configuration of hexapod robot model. The scope of analysis is focus on walking on the varied stiffness of undersea bottom soil with tripod walking pattern. Moreover the verification is done on the vertical foot motion of the leg and the body mass coordination movement during walking period. The results shows that proposed PD-FLC admittance control able to cater the force restoration factor by making vertical force on each foot bigger enough (sufficient foot placement) if compare to the buoyancy force of the ocean, thus performing stable tripod walking on the seabed with uncertain stiffness

Adaptive Impedance Control Based on CoM for Hexapod Robot Walking on the Bottom of Ocean

This paper presents a proposed adaptive impedance control that derived based on Center of Mass (CoM) of the hexapod robot for walking on the bottom of water or seabed. The study has been carried out by modeling the buoyancy force following the restoration force to a chieve the drowning level according to the Archimedes’ principle. The restoration force need to be positive in order to ensure robot locomotion is not affected by buoyancy factor. As for this force control solution, impedance control has been derived based on the total of for ce of foot placement to consider CoM of the robot during walking period. This derived impedance control is design for the real-time based 4 degree of freedom (DoF) leg configuration of hexapod robot model. The scope of analysis is focus on walking on the varied stiffness of undersea bottom soil with tripod walking pattern. The verification is done on the vertical foot motion of the leg and the body mass coordination movement during walking period. The results shows that proposed impedance control able to control the force restoration factor by making vertical force on each foot bigger enough (sufficient foot placement) if compare to the buoyancy force of the ocean, thus performing stable tripod walking on the seabed with uncertain stiffness

CFD Analysis for Rigid Moving Body at the High Tidal Environment of Sea-bed

In this paper, the basic hydrodynamic theories have been used to find the hydrodynamic factors for the underwater moving rectangular body as considered the shape of underwater walking robot. The added-mass, wave drag and lift coefficients are determined using a frequency-domain, simple-source based boundary integral method. In this paper, the hydrodynamics added mass and drag forces will be determined theoretically calculation the Reynolds number is measured in order to understand the type of water flow over the structure. The relative velocity vectors, Reynolds number, drag and lift forces for each state of motion is obtained in both static water condition and in ocean current condition. Results are obtained for a range of wave frequencies and depths of the underwater robotic body submerged all for a fixed water depth of 50-100 m. With the wave exciting force and moment determined using the Navier-Stokes theory. The computational study is to determine body-shape effects on the incident and radiated wave forces and subsequently the motion response. This study and results further implemented to modern adaptive drag force model-based controller in horizontal flow disturbance control for underwater multilegged or wheeled robot

Buoyancy Effect Control in Multi Legged Robot Locomotion on Seabed using Integrated Impedance-Fuzzy Logic Approach

Buoyance forces are part of the fundamental physical resistances that act on moving or swimming objects in the ocean environment. For the case of multi-legged robot, such as hexapod walking on the seabed, buoyance affects the horizontal stability if the motion of the robot’s foot does not have sufficient force to step on the bottom of the seabed. Therefore, this study is carried out by integrating a derived Center of Mass (CoM)-based impedance control with fuzzy logic control to cater for the dynamic state that blended with underwater buoyance forces on the motion of the hexapod’s foot. This integrated control strategy is designed, modeled and verified on the real-time based 4-degree of freedom (DoF) leg configuration of a hexapod robot model with buoyancy force model as force disturbances. The scope of analysis is focused on verifying the stiffness of undersea bottom soil with the tripod walking pattern, the vertical foot motion of the leg, and the body mass coordination movement during locomotion period

PD-FLC with Admittance Control for Hexapod Robot's Leg Positioning on Seabed

This paper presents a proposed Proportional and Derivative (PD)-like Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) (PD-FLC) on dynamic control for vertical positioning of Hexapod Robot walking on seabed environment. The study has been carried out by modelling the buoyancy force following the restoration force to achieve the drowning level according to Archimedes' principle. The restoration force need to be positive in order to ensure robot locomotion is not affected by buoyancy factor. As a solution to control this force, PD-FLC is used and integrated with admittance control that is based on the total force acting on foot placement by considering Center of Mass (CoM) of the robot during walking period. The integrated control technique is verified on a real-time based 4 degree of freedom (DoF) leg configuration of hexapod robot model. The scope of analysis is focused on walking on the varying stiffness of undersea bottom soil with tripod walking pattern. Moreover, the verification is done on the vertical foot motion of the leg and the body mass coordination movement during walking period. The results show that the proposed PD-FLC admittance control is able to cater the force restoration factor by making the vertical force on each foot sufficiently big (sufficient foot placement) compared to the buoyancy force of the ocean, thus resulting in stable tripod walking on the seabed with uncertain stiffness

Center of Mass-Based Admittance Control for Multi-Legged Robot Walking on the Bottom of Ocean

This paper presents a proposed adaptive admittance control that is derived based on Center of Mass (CoM) of the hexapod robot designed for walking on the bottom of water or seabed. The study has been carried out by modeling the buoyancy force following the restoration force to achieve the drowning level according to the Archimedes’ principle. The restoration force needs to be positive in order to ensure robot locomotion is not affected by buoyancy factor. As a solution to regulate this force, admittance control has been derived based on the total force of foot placement to determine CoM of the robot while walking. This admittance control is designed according to a model of a real-time based 4-degree of freedom (DoF) leg configuration of a hexapod robot that able to perform hexapod-to-quadruped transformation. The analysis focuses on the robot walking in both configuration modes; hexapod and quadruped; with both tripod and traverse-trot walking pattern respectively. The verification is done on the vertical foot motion of the leg and the body mass coordination movement for each walking simulation. The results show that the proposed admittance control is able to regulate the force restoration factor by making vertical force on each foot sufficiently large (sufficient foot placement) compared to the buoyancy force of the ocean, thus performing stable locomotion for both hexapod and quadruped mode

Buoyancy effect control in multi legged robot locomotion on seabed using integrated impedance-fuzzy logic approach

1937-1945Buoyance forces are part of the fundamental physical resistances that act on moving or swimming objects in the ocean environment. For the case of multi-legged robot, such as hexapod walking on the seabed, buoyance affects the horizontal stability if the motion of the robot’s foot does not have sufficient force to step on the bottom of the seabed. Therefore, this study is carried out by integrating a derived Center of Mass (CoM)-based impedance control with fuzzy logic control to cater for the dynamic state that blended with underwater buoyance forces on the motion of the hexapod’s foot. This integrated control strategy is designed, modeled and verified on the real-time based 4-degree of freedom (DoF) leg configuration of a hexapod robot model with buoyancy force model as force disturbances. The scope of analysis is focused on verifying the stiffness of undersea bottom soil with the tripod walking pattern, the vertical foot motion of the leg, and the body mass coordination movement during locomotion period