Economic Growth, Export, and External Debt Causality: The Case of Asian Countries

The issue of how developing countries can accelerate their economic growth is of crucial importance. The two primary alternative routes to development are inward-oriented growth strategies, which emphasises import-substitution industrialisation (ISI); and outward-oriented policies, which emphasises the economic benefits of participation in the world economy, that is, export-led growth (ELG). The late 1960s and 1970s witnessed a disillusionment with ISI in many developing countries, leading to a reduction in protectionist measures. The 1980s witnessed further intensification of liberalisation measures as many countries retreated from socialism, regulation and planning. The dis-advantages of ISI, the potential strength of ELG policies and the conditions necessary for successful transition from an inwardoriented regimes to an outward oriented have been extensively researched1 and beyond the scope of the present study. Moreover many of the rapidly growing newly industrialising countries (NICs) lend support to the idea that export promotion can be an effective development strategy.

SORPTION OF NICKEL IONS ONTO CHEMICALLY MODIFIED PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHOROUS L. AND THEIR QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION BY TITRATION.

The removal efficiency of Nickel ions from aqueous solution on chemically treated Parthenium  hysterophorous leaf powder (PHLP) has been investigated. The adsorbent was characterized by SEM images and FTIR spectra analysis.  The effect of several parameters such as pH, adsorbent dose, concentration of Ni ion solution and contact time was evaluated using batch experiments. Nickel ions removal was pH dependent and the maximum removal was found to be at pH 7. The maximum removal of Ni ions was achieved within 100 min after the start of every experiment. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubnin- Radushkevich (D-R) adsorption isotherm models to evaluate the models parameter. Experimental results showed that the Langmuir isotherm model best describes for the adsorption of metal than Freundlich isotherm model. Adsorption data were processed according to various kinetic models. Pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order were applied to fit the kinetic results. Pseudo-first order model was less applicable than pseudo-second order. Thermodynamic studies showed spontaneous and exothermic nature in the adsorption of Ni (II) onto PHLP

Statistical analysis of the effect of machining parameters on fatigue life of aerospace grade aluminum alloy (AL 6082T6)

In this research work, aerospace grade aluminium alloy (Al 6082-T6) was analysed for the effect of cutting parameters on the fatigue life of the machined samples and optimization of cutting parameters for response factor. Different combinations of machining parameters were selected according to the ISO 3685 for sample preparation. Fatigue life of the samples was the response variable under investigation. Specimens for the rotating bending fatigue test were prepared according to the BS ISO 1143:2010 standards. The cutting inserts were selected from Sandvik Coromant catalogue recommended for machining of Al 6082-T6 alloy. A Designed of Experiment (DoE) with full factorial design was employed and a total of 81 experiments were performed for combination of cutting parameters. Fatigue life of the samples was observed to decreases with increasing feed rate, which is attributed to the compressive residual stresses at the surface of the samples. However, fatigue life increased with higher cutting speed and Depth of Cut (DoC)

Economic Growth, Export, and External Debt Causality: The Case of Asian Countries

The issue of how developing countries can accelerate their economic growth is of crucial importance. The two primary alternative routes to development are inward-oriented growth strategies, which emphasises import-substitution industrialisation (ISI); and outward-oriented policies, which emphasises the economic benefits of participation in the world economy, that is, export-led growth (ELG). The late 1960s and 1970s witnessed a disillusionment with ISI in many developing countries, leading to a reduction in protectionist measures. The 1980s witnessed further intensification of liberalisation measures as many countries retreated from socialism, regulation and planning. The dis-advantages of ISI, the potential strength of ELG policies and the conditions necessary for successful transition from an inwardoriented regimes to an outward oriented have been extensively researched1 and beyond the scope of the present study. Moreover many of the rapidly growing newly industrialising countries (NICs) lend support to the idea that export promotion can be an effective development strategy. Naturally such a line of causation is consistent with macroeconomic theory, where exports are treated as injections into the economy [Kaldor (1967); Feder (1982); Romer (1989); Krueger (1990) and Marin (1992)

Ground state energy, electronic and chemical properties: an investigation of linear acenes (n=1 to 7) linked thiophene for organic electronic material

We report a theoretical study of linear acene (n=1 to 7) linked thiophene functionality. The total ground state energies, HOMO-LUMO energy gap, frontier orbitals energies, electron affinity and ionization potential are calculated at DFT-B3LYP/6-311G* and MP2/6-311G* exchange level of the theory and basis set. The results show a good agreement when compared with the theoretical and experimental values. It is found that total ground energy of the system, HOMO-LUMO gaps energy, electrophilicity, electronegativity and chemical hardness decrease with the increasing number of electrons or acenes ring. The global chemical indices; electronegativity (χ) , electrophilicity (ɷ) and chemical hardness (ɳ) is observed to decrease as the number of electrons in acenes ring increase, whereas softness(S) and chemical potential (µ) increases with the increasing number of electrons around molecules. Also, the frontier orbital energies, Ionization energies, and electron affinity results show an improvement as compared to the acenes molecules

ADSORPTION OF ZINC (II) AND NICKEL (II) FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM (CLOVES): KINETIC AND ISOTHERM STUDIES

ABSTRACT Present study deals with the adsorption of Zn(II) and Ni(II) onto cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) from aqueous solution under different process conditions. The adsorption was carried out in a batch process taking different concentrations of the metal ion in aqueous solution with variation in adsorbent dose, pH and agitation time. The solution initial pH values affected metal sorption. Over the pH range of 6 -9, pH-related effects were significant. Meanwhile, at lower pH values the percentage of metal removal decreased. The sorption was found to decrease with increase in initial concentration and increases with increasing adsorbent dose. The equilibrium nature of Zn (II) and Ni (II) adsorption at different metal ion concentration were described by Langmuir, Tempkin and Freundlich Isotherm. The equilibrium data indicates the following order to fit the isotherms: Freundlich > Tempkin > Langmuir. In order to evaluate kinetic parameters Lagergren's first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich kinetic model and intra-particle diffusion models were explored. Among the kinetic models studied, the pseudo-second-order equation was the best applicable model to describe the sorption process. FTIR spectra of the adsorbent were recorded to explore the number and position of functional groups available for the binding of Zn (II) and Ni (II) ions of the studied adsorbent

Modeling Off-line Routing and Spectrum Allocation Problem in Elastic Optical Network

The swift escalation in internet traffic due to diverse bandwidth starving applications and innovative concepts of modern technologies such as Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) and Software-defined networking (SDN) demands a dynamic and flexible optical network architecture both at the control and data plane. Characteristically, the flexibility in EONs is achieved by the emerging SDN-enabled sliceable bandwidth variable transponders (SBVTs) that support multiple optical carriers' simultaneous generation. These generated multiple optical carriers can operate different lightpaths using slice-ability or combined into a single high-rate super-channel. In this perspective, one of the major issues in EON is Routing and Spectrum Allocation (RSA). Typically, in EON, RSA is a spectrum management and Nondeterministic Polynomial-time hardness (NP-hard) problem in which network resources mainly bank on the applied ordering strategy. This article proposed a novel heuristic algorithm, Minimum Hops with Least Slot Spectrum (MHLS), to accommodate maximum traffic requests with better spectrum utilization. The proposed algorithm aims to minimize block requests, block traffic, and the total number of spectrum slots used in the network. The MHLS exploits Dijkstra-shortest-path and SDN-enabled SBVTs for RSA problem. The performance evaluation of MHLS is accomplished on the entire USA network

Routing and Spectrum Allocation Heuristic for Sliced Elastic Optical Network System

We proposed a heuristic algorithm, Minimum Hops with Least Slots spectrum (MHLS), to solve the Routing and spectrum assignment problem in elastic optical networks. The proposed MHLS is implemented in conjunction with the transponder supporting slice-ability