icu_survey_repository_s9

Each record is a reply to the online survey

CLABSIsurvey2

Data file including the responses to the CLABSI survey per country. The survey explores practices in CLABSI preventive actions and measurement, but also attitudes towards measurement of outcomes of these preventive activities. For confidentiality reasons, 100 records from 46 countries having provided less than 5 replies have been removed from the dataset. This dataset therefore has 3,307 records from 49 different countries

S100A8 and S100A9 mRNA level increases were significantly abrogated by rIFN-γ in endotoxin tolerance model.

<p>Messenger RNA (mRNA) level of TNFα, IL-10, S100A8 and S100A9 in an <i>ex vivo</i> model of endotoxin tolerance. The mRNA level was normalized to that of the reference gene peptidylpropylisomerase B and then compared to the control group. Black columns represent controls (cells without any lipopolysaccharide (LPS)), white columns represent LPS-unprimed cells (only stimulated once with 100 ng/ml LPS) and grey columns represent LPS-primed cells (stimulated three times: 2 ng/ml LPS followed by vehicle or IFN-γ followed by 100 ng/ml LPS). †p<0.01, ‡p<0.05, Wilcoxon paired test. Median (+/− interquartile range) data from 10 independent experiments are given.</p

Double hit model with LPS.

<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0100909#pone-0100909-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1A</a>. Diagram of the model of endotoxin tolerance used in our study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from fresh whole blood from healthy volunteers (HV) by Ficoll-Paque density gradient centrifugation. Endotoxin tolerance was reproduced <i>ex vivo</i> by priming PBMCs with low-dose endotoxin (2 ng/ml) before stimulation with high dose endotoxin (100 ng/ml). S100A8 and S100A9 mRNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0100909#pone-0100909-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1B</a>. Diagram of immune-stimulating therapy model during endotoxin tolerance.</p

Quantitative PCR and primers.

a<p>Top sequence is forward primer, bottom is reverse.</p

Endotoxin tolerance is associated with decreased TNFα and increased IL-10, S100A8 and S100A9 mRNA expressions.

<p><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0100909#pone-0100909-g002" target="_blank">Figures 2A, B, C and D</a>. Messenger RNA (mRNA) level of tolerizable gene (TNFα) and non-tolerizable genes (IL-10, S100A8 and S100A9) in an <i>ex vivo</i> model of endotoxin tolerance. The mRNA level was normalized to that of the reference gene peptidylpropylisomerase B (PPIB) and then compared to the control group. Black columns represent controls (cells without any lipopolysaccharide (LPS)), white columns represent LPS-unprimed cells (only stimulated once with 100 ng/ml LPS), light grey columns represent LPS-primed cells (stimulated twice: 2 ng/ml followed by 100 ng/ml) and dark grey columns represent cells stimulated once with 2 ng/ml LPS without any second stimulation. **<0.01, *<0.05, Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Median (+/− interquartile range) data from 10 independent experiments are given. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0100909#pone-0100909-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2E</a>. Correlation between S100A8 mRNA expression (x-axis) and S100A9 mRNA expression (y-axis) in the endotoxin tolerance model. S100A8 and S100A9 mRNA levels were normalized to that of PPIB. Data were obtained from the 10 independent experiments described above.</p

Cost-effectiveness results from observed data (CLEAN database)–Observed global patient—ICU-Time Horizon: 100 days.

<p>Cost-effectiveness results from observed data (CLEAN database)–Observed global patient—ICU-Time Horizon: 100 days.</p

Health states defined from the CLEAN randomized controlled trial [5].

<p>Health states defined from the CLEAN randomized controlled trial [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0197747#pone.0197747.ref005" target="_blank">5</a>].</p

Observed model structure from CLEAN database (antiseptic skin CHG-solution T1/T4, antiseptic skin PVI-solution T1/T4)–Markov diagram.

<p>CHG: Chlorhexidine Alcohol, PVI: Povidone Alcohol, AE: Adverse event, CRBSI: Catheter-related bloodstream infection, CT: Catheter, G+S: Semipermeable transparent dressing.</p

Non-homogeneous Semi-Markov Chain simulation from observed data (CLEAN)–simulated global patient—ICU-time horizon: 100 days.

<p>Non-homogeneous Semi-Markov Chain simulation from observed data (CLEAN)–simulated global patient—ICU-time horizon: 100 days.</p