Određivanje optičkih konstanti vakuumski naparenih tankih slojeva CdSxSe14 x mjerenjem transmisijskih spektara

A procedure to calculate the optical constants and thickness of thin films, using only data from the transmission spectra, has been employed in the case of cadmium sulfo-selenide films prepared by thermal evaporation. Using this technique, the calculated thickness was found to an accuracy ranging between 1.0 and 3.0% compared with other methods. The refractive index and the absorption coefficient, as a function of composition (i.e. value of x) have been derived using this technique that proved to be very accurate. CdSxSe1-x films have a direct energy gap for films of various composition, and the values of the energy gap were found to increase when increasing the content of sulphur (x).Primijenili smo račun za određivanje optičkih konstanti tankih slojeva kadmij sulfoselenida, na osnovi samih transmisijskih spektara. Na taj smo način postigli točnost određivanja debljine slojeva od 1.0 do 3.0%. Tim smo postupkom izveli vrijednosti indeksa loma i apsorpcijskog koeficijenta za niz vrijednosti x, i te su vrijednosti vrlo točne. Tanki slojevi CdSxSe14 x imaju izravan energijski procijep, a našlo se da veličina procijepa raste s povećanjem sadržaja sumpora

Optička svojstva tankih slojeva AgBiS2

Thin films of AgBiS2 were prepared by thermal evaporation in vacuum (at about 10-6 mbar). X-ray diffraction was used to determine the structural properties of the sample. The as-deposited films (at 300 K) were amorphous in nature and an amorphous-to-crystalline transition could be obtained by thermal annealing at 373 K. The degree of crystallinity increased with increasing temperature from 373 to 473 K. At 525 K, two-phase films with AgBiS2 as a major phase were formed. Optical constants of amorphous and crystalline AgBiS2 thin films were measured after various heat treatments. The analysis of optical absorption spectra revealed the existence of three optical transition mechanisms; allowed direct, forbidden direct and indirect transition, with optical energy gaps Ed = 2.88 eV, Ef = 2.04 eV and Ei = 1.78 eV at 300 K. These values were found to decrease at higher annealing temperatures.Tanki slojevi AgBiS2 načinjeni su naparavanjem u vakuumu pri tlaku 10−6 mbar. Strukturna svojstva određena su rendgenskom difrakcijom. Svježe pripremljeni slojevi (na 300 K) su amorfni. Prijelaz u kristalinično stanje postignut je toplinskim opuštanjem na 373 K. Stupanj kristaliničnosti se povećavao zagrijavanjem od 373 na 473 K. Na 525 K nastali su dvofazni slojevi u kojima je glavna faza bila AgBiS2. Mjerena su optička svojstva amorfnih i kristaliničnih tankih slojeva AgBiS2 nakon raznih toplinskih obrada. Analiza optičkih apsorpcijskih spektara pokazuje djelovanje triju procesa: izravnog i dozvoljenog, izravnog i zabranjenog te neizravnog, s energijskim procijepima Ed = 2.88 eV, Ef = 2.04 eV i Ei = 1.78 eV na 300 K. Te se vrijednosti smanjuju za više temperature opuštanja

Određivanje optičkih konstanti vakuumski naparenih tankih slojeva CdSxSe14 x mjerenjem transmisijskih spektara

A procedure to calculate the optical constants and thickness of thin films, using only data from the transmission spectra, has been employed in the case of cadmium sulfo-selenide films prepared by thermal evaporation. Using this technique, the calculated thickness was found to an accuracy ranging between 1.0 and 3.0% compared with other methods. The refractive index and the absorption coefficient, as a function of composition (i.e. value of x) have been derived using this technique that proved to be very accurate. CdSxSe1-x films have a direct energy gap for films of various composition, and the values of the energy gap were found to increase when increasing the content of sulphur (x).Primijenili smo račun za određivanje optičkih konstanti tankih slojeva kadmij sulfoselenida, na osnovi samih transmisijskih spektara. Na taj smo način postigli točnost određivanja debljine slojeva od 1.0 do 3.0%. Tim smo postupkom izveli vrijednosti indeksa loma i apsorpcijskog koeficijenta za niz vrijednosti x, i te su vrijednosti vrlo točne. Tanki slojevi CdSxSe14 x imaju izravan energijski procijep, a našlo se da veličina procijepa raste s povećanjem sadržaja sumpora

Potato Classification Using Deep Learning

Abstract: Potatoes are edible tubers, available worldwide and all year long. They are relatively cheap to grow, rich in nutrients, and they can make a delicious treat. The humble potato has fallen in popularity in recent years, due to the interest in low-carb foods. However, the fiber, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals it provides can help ward off disease and benefit human health. They are an important staple food in many countries around the world. There are an estimated 200 varieties of potatoes, which can be classified into a number of categories based on the cooked texture and ingredient functionality. Using a public dataset of 2400 images of potatoes, we trained a deep convolutional neural network to identify 4 types (Red, Red Washed, Sweet, and White).The trained model achieved an accuracy of 99.5% of test set, demonstrating the feasibility of this approach

RT-PCR ANALYSIS OF GENES EXPRESSION TO EVALUATE THE BIOMEDICAL IMPORTANCE OF MEDICAL-HERBAL EXTRACTS IN DIABETES TREATMENT

Fenugreek is an annual crop belonging to the legume family grown in most parts of the world. It is known to possess a number of medicinal properties, but a little phytochemical research has been carried out on the seeds of species; Trigonella hamosa Leguminosae. Previously we reported that Trigonella seeds extract are shown to have hypoglycemic effects on experimental diabetic rats. The aim of the current study is to understand the molecular mechanism of antidiabetic actions of Trigonella. Therefore, we examined the expressions levels of genes involved in glucose metabolism in liver of diabetic rats. Upon this basis, streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats are used to assess hepatic glucokinase (GCK), insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF- 1), and glucose transporters (GLUT-2) genes expressions after Trigonella administration by oral intragastric intubation for two months, using RT-PCR assay. The current findings demonstrated that Trigonella reduced significantly glucose level in diabetic rats, while significantly increases insulin serum level. GCK expression levels in hepatic tissue of diabetic-rats are found to be suppressed, while Trigonella treatment induces an increase in hepatic GCK activity. Diabetes due to STZ has a little effect on IGF-1 gene expression, while Trigonella administration elevates mRNA expression significantly. On the other hand, Trigonella reduce and normalize the elevation of GLUT-2 gene expression, which increased due to STZ treatment. These results indicated that Trigonella are powerful antidiabetic agent, induce hypoglycemia by up-regulation of CGK and IGF-1 genes expression and induce an insulin mimetic activity

SELF-ASSEMBLING HYDROGELS BASED ON Î’-CYCLODEXTRIN POLYMER AND POLY (ETHYLENE GLYCOL) BEARING HYDROPHOBIC MOIETIES FOR PROTEIN DELIVERY

Objective: The development of injectable and stable hydrogels for protein delivery is a major challenge. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of polymerized β-CD for the formulation of stable hydrogels suitable for loading and release of bioactive agents and to investigate the mechanism of hydrogel formation. Methods: Hydrogels based on the inclusion complexation of polymerized β-cyclodextrin and cholesterol terminated poly(ethylene glycol) polymers were formed by rehydration of a lyophilized mixture of both polymers. The mechanism of hydrogel formation was investigated via isothermal titration calorimetry, fluorescence spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering measurements. The release behavior of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein from the modified gels was explored. Results: Rheological analysis demonstrated that the prepared hydrogels had a viscoelastic behavior even at elevated temperature (> 37 ˚C). There are two competing mechanisms for hydrogel formation. The first mechanism is the inclusion complexation between cholesterol moieties and β-CD cavities. The second one is the self association of cholesterol modified PEGs. β-CD had the ability to dissociate the PEG-cholesterol associations. The quantitative and complete release of BSA was observed within 4 weeks. Conclusion: The polymerized form of β-CD, rather than native β-CD is essential for the formation of stable hydrogels. These results were supported by the ability of the modified hydrogel system for loading and release of BSA, making such hydrogel systems promising devices in drug delivery applications

RT-PCR ANALYSIS OF GENES EXPRESSION TO EVALUATE THE BIOMEDICAL IMPORTANCE OF MEDICAL-HERBAL EXTRACTS IN DIABETES TREATMENT

Fenugreek is an annual crop belonging to the legume family grown in most parts of the world. It is known to possess a number of medicinal properties, but a little phytochemical research has been carried out on the seeds of species; Trigonella hamosa Leguminosae. Previously we reported that Trigonella seeds extract are shown to have hypoglycemic effects on experimental diabetic rats. The aim of the current study is to understand the molecular mechanism of antidiabetic actions of Trigonella. Therefore, we examined the expressions levels of genes involved in glucose metabolism in liver of diabetic rats. Upon this basis, streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats are used to assess hepatic glucokinase (GCK), insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF- 1), and glucose transporters (GLUT-2) genes expressions after Trigonella administration by oral intragastric intubation for two months, using RT-PCR assay. The current findings demonstrated that Trigonella reduced significantly glucose level in diabetic rats, while significantly increases insulin serum level. GCK expression levels in hepatic tissue of diabetic-rats are found to be suppressed, while Trigonella treatment induces an increase in hepatic GCK activity. Diabetes due to STZ has a little effect on IGF-1 gene expression, while Trigonella administration elevates mRNA expression significantly. On the other hand, Trigonella reduce and normalize the elevation of GLUT-2 gene expression, which increased due to STZ treatment. These results indicated that Trigonella are powerful antidiabetic agent, induce hypoglycemia by up-regulation of CGK and IGF-1 genes expression and induce an insulin mimetic activity