Role of copper and alumina for heat transfer in hybrid nanofluid by using Fourier sine transform

The convection, thermal conductivity, and heat transfer of hybrid nanofluid through nanoparticles has become integral part of several natural and industrial processes. In this manuscript, a new fractionalized model based on hybrid nanofluid is proposed and investigated by employing singular verses and non-singular kernels. The mathematical modeling of hybrid nanofluid is handled via modern fractional definitions of differentiations. The combined Laplace and Fourier Sine transforms have been configurated on the governing equations of hybrid nanofluid. The analytical expression of the governing temperature and velocity equations of hybrid nanofluid have been solved via special functions. For the sake of thermal performance, dimensional analysis of governing equations and suitable boundary conditions based on Mittage-Leffler function have been invoked for the first time in literature. The comparative analysis of heat transfer from hybrid nanofluid has been observed through Caputo-Fabrizio and Atangana-Baleanu differential operators. Finally, our results suggest that volume fraction has the decelerated and accelerated trends of temperature distribution and inclined and declined profile of heat transfer is observed copper and alumina nanoparticles

Effect of Magnetic Baffles and Magnetic Nanofluid on Thermo-Hydraulic Characteristics of Dimple Mini Channel for Thermal Energy Applications

The combined effect of a magnetic baffle and a dimple turbulator on the heat transfer and pressure drop is investigated computationally in a mini channel. Fe3O4 magnetic nanofluid is used as a working fluid. The Reynolds number (Re) is varied from 150 to 210 and the magnetic field intensities range from 1200 G to 2000 G. Finite-volume based commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver ANSYS-Fluent 18.1 was used for the numerical simulations. A laminar viscous model is used with pressure-velocity coupling along with second-order upwind discretization and QUICK scheme for discretizing the momentum and energy equations. The results show that there is an increase of 3.53%, 10.77%, and 25.39% in the Nusselt numbers when the magnetic fields of 1200 G, 1500 G and 2000 G, respectively, are applied at x = 15 mm, as compared to the flow without a magnetic field when the pitch = 10 mm. These values change to 1.51%, 6.14% and 18.47% for a pitch = 5 mm and 0.85%, 4.33%, and 15.25% for a pitch = 2.5 mm, when compared to the flow without a magnetic field in the respective geometries. When the two sources are placed at x = 7.5 mm and 15 mm, there is an increase of 4.52%, 13.93%, and 33.08% in the Nusselt numbers when magnetic fields of 1200 G, 1500 G, and 2000 G are applied when the pitch = 10 mm. The increment changed to 1.82%, 8.16%, and 22.31% for a pitch = 5 mm and 1.01%, 5.96%, and 21.38% for a pitch = 2.5 mm. This clearly shows that the two sources at the front have a higher increment in the Nusselt numbers compared to one source, due to higher turbulence. In addition, there is a decrease in the pressure drop of 10.82%, 16.778%, and 26.75% when magnetic fields of 1200 G, 1500 G, and 2000 G, respectively, are applied at x = 15 mm, as compared to flow without magnetic field when the pitch = 10 mm. These values change to 2.46%, 4.98%, and 8.54% for a pitch = 5 mm and 1.62%, 3.52%, and 4.78% for a pitch = 2.5 mm, when compared to flow without magnetic field in the respective geometries. When two sources are placed at x = 7.5 mm and 15 mm, there is an decrease of 19.02%, 31.3%, and 50.34% in the pressure drop when the magnetic fields of 1200 G, 1500 G and 2000 G are applied when the pitch = 10 mm. These values change to 4.18%, 9.52%, and 16.52% for a pitch = 5 mm and 3.08%, 6.88%, and 14.88% for a pitch = 2.5 mm. Hence, with the increase in the magnetic field, there is a decrease in pressure drop for both the cases and the pitches. This trend is valid only at lower magnetic field strength, because the decrease in the pressure drop dominates over the increase in pressure drop due to turbulence.This work was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research, Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia (Project No. GRANT331). The authors also acknowledge the financial support received for the research project entitled “Performance Improvement of Solar Thermal Systems using Magnetic Nanofluids” funded by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India under India-South Africa Joint Science and Technology Research Collaboration vide Sanction no.: DST/INT/South Africa/P-08/2021 dtd. 16 September 2021

A Stochastic Bayesian Regularization Approach for the Fractional Food Chain Supply System with Allee Effects

This motive of current research is to provide a stochastic platform based on the artificial neural networks (ANNs) along with the Bayesian regularization approach for the fractional food chain supply system (FFSCS) with Allee effects. The investigations based on the fractional derivatives are applied to achieve the accurate and precise results of FFSCS. The dynamical FFSCS is divided into special predator category P(η), top-predator class Q(η), and prey population dynamics R(η). The computing numerical performances for three different variations of the dynamical FFSCS are provided by using the ANNs along with the Bayesian regularization approach. The data selection for the dynamical FFSCS is selected for train as 78% and 11% for both test and endorsement. The accuracy of the proposed ANNs along with the Bayesian regularization method is approved using the comparison performances. For the rationality, ability, reliability, and exactness are authenticated by using the ANNs procedure enhanced by the Bayesian regularization method through the regression measures, correlation values, error histograms, and transition of state performances

A Stochastic Bayesian Regularization Approach for the Fractional Food Chain Supply System with Allee Effects

This motive of current research is to provide a stochastic platform based on the artificial neural networks (ANNs) along with the Bayesian regularization approach for the fractional food chain supply system (FFSCS) with Allee effects. The investigations based on the fractional derivatives are applied to achieve the accurate and precise results of FFSCS. The dynamical FFSCS is divided into special predator category P(η), top-predator class Q(η), and prey population dynamics R(η). The computing numerical performances for three different variations of the dynamical FFSCS are provided by using the ANNs along with the Bayesian regularization approach. The data selection for the dynamical FFSCS is selected for train as 78% and 11% for both test and endorsement. The accuracy of the proposed ANNs along with the Bayesian regularization method is approved using the comparison performances. For the rationality, ability, reliability, and exactness are authenticated by using the ANNs procedure enhanced by the Bayesian regularization method through the regression measures, correlation values, error histograms, and transition of state performances

Dye-sensitized solar cells constructed using titanium oxide nanoparticles and green dyes as photosensitizers

Recently, researchers have taken a particular interest in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) due to their exceptional physico-chemical characteristics and excellent photoconversion efficiency. This research is dedicated to fabricating dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) using TiO2NPs and green natural dyes. The average particle size appeared about 151.6 nm of the synthesized TiO2NPs, measured by dynamic light scattering technique. The nanostructured TiO2 was characterized optically with a UV–visible and X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer, and structurally by using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Analysis of the particle size and morphology of TiO2NPs has been confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and the Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis indicated the elemental composition. The TiO2NPs thin film of paste was spread on the transparent conducting glass as the substrate with copper metal attached to the surface using the doctor-blade method. Green dyes extracted from Lawsonia inermis (Henna) and spinach were used as sensitizers, iodine as electrolytes, and TiO2NPs as photoelectrode to fabricate dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The DSSCs were evaluated with a fill factor of 0.09 and 0.37, which were obtained with an efficiency of 0.24 %, and 2.19 % for spinach and henna dyes, respectively

Large-scale genomic investigation of pediatric cholestasis reveals a novel hepatorenal ciliopathy caused by PSKH1 mutations

Purpose: Pediatric cholestasis is the phenotypic expression of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders of bile acid synthesis and flow. Although a growing number of monogenic causes of pediatric cholestasis have been identified, the majority of cases remain undiagnosed molecularly. Methods: In a cohort of 299 pediatric participants (279 families) with intrahepatic cholestasis, we performed exome sequencing as a first-tier diagnostic test. Results: A likely causal variant was identified in 135 families (48.56%). These comprise 135 families that harbor variants spanning 37 genes with established or tentative links to cholestasis. In addition, we propose a novel candidate gene (PSKH1) (HGNC:9529) in 4 families. PSKH1 was particularly compelling because of strong linkage in 3 consanguineous families who shared a novel hepatorenal ciliopathy phenotype. Two of the 4 families shared a founder homozygous variant, whereas the third and fourth had different homozygous variants in PSKH1. PSKH1 encodes a putative protein serine kinase of unknown function. Patient fibroblasts displayed abnormal cilia that are long and show abnormal transport. A homozygous Pskh1 mutant mouse faithfully recapitulated the human phenotype and displayed abnormally long cilia. The phenotype could be rationalized by the loss of catalytic activity observed for each recombinant PSKH1 variant using in vitro kinase assays. Conclusion: Our results support the use of genomics in the workup of pediatric cholestasis and reveal PSKH1-related hepatorenal ciliopathy as a novel candidate monogenic form

Large Scale Genomic Investigation of Pediatric Cholestasis Reveals a Novel Hepatorenal Ciliopathy Caused by PSKH1 Mutations

Purpose: Pediatric cholestasis is the phenotypic expression of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders of bile acid synthesis and flow.  Although a growing number of monogenic causes of pediatric cholestasis have been identified, the majority of cases remain undiagnosed molecularly. Methods: In a large cohort of 299 pediatric participants (279 families) with intrahepatic cholestasis, we performed exome sequencing as a first-tier diagnostic test. Results: A likely causal variant was identified in 135 families (48.56%).  These comprise 135 families that harbor variants spanning 37 genes with established or tentative links to cholestasis.  In addition, we propose a novel candidate gene (PSKH1) in 4 families.  PSKH1 was particularly compelling because of strong linkage in three consanguineous families who shared a novel hepatorenal ciliopathy phenotype.  Two of the four families shared a founder homozygous variant while the third had a different homozygous variant in PSKH1.  PSKH1 encodes a putative protein serine kinase of unknown function. Patient fibroblasts displayed abnormal cilia that are long and show abnormal transport.  A homozygous Pskh1 mutant mouse faithfully recapitulated the human phenotype and displayed abnormally long cilia. The phenotype could be rationalized by the loss of catalytic activity observed for each recombinant PSKH1 variant using in vitro kinase assays. Conclusion: Our results support the use of genomics in the workup of pediatric cholestasis and reveal PSKH1-related hepatorenal ciliopathy as a novel candidate monogenic form