Effect of nutrition on muscle protein turnover in callipyge and normal lambs

The phenotypic expression of the callipyge (CLPG) genotype lambs is characterized by heavy muscling and less carcass fat. The objective of this study was to determine if CLPG lambs have lower muscle protein turnover than normal Dorset crossed lambs and if protein and energy intake altered this rate. Twelve wether lambs were studied in two blocks (3 CLPG and 3 Normal/Block). Lambs were approximately 4.5 months of age and weighed 36.7 +/- 1.6 kg. Lambs were paired and fed three diets differing in energy and/or protein levels; HEHP (3.1 Mcal ME/kg DM, 15.75% CP), HELP (3.1 Mcal ME/kg DM, 9.5% CP), and LEHP, (2.1 Mcal ME/kg DM, 14.1% CP) in a 3 x 3 Latin square arrangement of diet and period treatments. The lamb pairs were fed each diet ad libitum for 3 weeks. Nitrogen balance and protein turnover were measured from d 15 to d 20 of each period. Muscle protein breakdown was measured by injection of 3-methyl-[methyl-2H3]-histidine (d3-3MH) and using a compartmental analysis of the isotope decay curves. During the last 5 days of each period, quantitative urine and feces output were collected, and serial of blood samples were taken. CLPG lambs retained more N compared to normal lambs when fed HEHP or HELP diets but less N when fed LEHP diet. Across all diets, CLPG lambs secreted less urinary N compared to normal lambs (13.3 and 15.3 g/d, respectively);Callipyge lambs had higher (140.3 vs. 89.2 g/d, P \u3c .01) muscle protein breakdown than normal lambs. Lambs fed HELP diets had higher (P \u3c .025) muscle protein breakdown compared with lambs fed HEHP and LEHP diets (148.3, 101.1, and 94.8 g/d, respectively). The increased muscle size in lambs expressing callipyge gene is may be due to increased muscle protein synthesis. These data are suggestive of a greater maintenance energy need in callipyge lambs

Behaviour-based Virus Analysis and Detection

Every day, the growing number of viruses causes major damage to computer systems, which many antivirus products have been developed to protect. Regrettably, existing antivirus products do not provide a full solution to the problems associated with viruses. One of the main reasons for this is that these products typically use signature-based detection, so that the rapid growth in the number of viruses means that many signatures have to be added to their signature databases each day. These signatures then have to be stored in the computer system, where they consume increasing memory space. Moreover, the large database will also affect the speed of searching for signatures, and, hence, affect the performance of the system. As the number of viruses continues to grow, ever more space will be needed in the future. There is thus an urgent need for a novel and robust detection technique. One of the most encouraging recent developments in virus research is the use of formulae, which provides alternatives to classic virus detection methods. The proposed research uses temporal logic and behaviour-based detection to detect viruses. Interval Temporal Logic (ITL) will be used to generate virus specifications, properties and formulae based on the analysis of the behaviour of computer viruses, in order to detect them. Tempura, which is the executable subset of ITL, will be used to check whether a good or bad behaviour occurs with the help of ITL description and system traces. The process will also use AnaTempura, an integrated workbench tool for ITL that supports our system specifications. AnaTempura will offer validation and verification of the ITL specifications and provide runtime testing of these specifications

One of Us

With this thesis, I reflect on my identity as a Saudi American. I look at how nonverbal communication through gesture and artifact presents the potential for both communication breakdowns, as well as shared understanding. From the lens of Saudi culture, I consider how gender relations and intra-national tribal factions play a role in the division of society, which my work seeks to overcome, at both the national and global levels. My exhibit, One of Us, interrogates one of the most controversial gestures in contemporary society: veiling. As I discuss the notion of camouflage, I review the types of veils available to women, and the reasons why women veil. The abayas featured in my exhibit are constructed from nostalgic patterns, thus producing in the viewer a simultaneous feeling of familiarity and novelty, and in the wearer, of blending in and standing out

The Quality of Distance Learning of Post Graduate Students in the Universities of the Southern Territory from their Perspective

This study aims at revealing the quality of distance learning of post graduate students in the universities of the Southern Territory in Jordan from their perspective. The sample of the study consisted of (442) male and female post graduate students from the governmental Jordanian universities: Mutah University, Tafila Technical University and Al-Hussein Bin Talal University. It was chosen by the cluster randomization method. An evaluation instrument was developed to achieve the purpose of this study, which was included (29) items in its final version. The reliability and validity of instruments were verified.The findings of the present study revealed that the estimates of the quality of distance learning of post graduate students in the universities of the southern territory from their perspective were within the moderate degree. The domain designing and developing instructional materials has ranked first, technology infrastructure has ranked second and student support services has ranked last. In addition, the results showed that there aren`t any statistically significant differences at (α ≥ 0.05) between the means of the evaluation estimates due to the educational qualification variable, diploma and bachelor`s degree, in all the domains. It is also concluded that there are statistically significant differences at (α ≥ 0.05) due to the gender variable with regard to student support services in favor of females. The study recommended the necessity of activating the indicators and domains of the quality of distance learning by stimulating universities to adhere to them. Keywords: quality, distance learning, graduate students. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/13-23-03 Publication date:August 31st 202

Water resources of Wadi Hanifah, Saudi Arabia: a case study

Although Saudi Arabia has made great progress on almost all fronts, water has always been, and still is, a serious problem. Settlement in the central area of the country is concentrated in the wadis, of which Wadi Hanifah is a good example. The Wadi descends through the central slope of the Tuwaig mountain, where Jurassic units predominate, and ends in the Al - Kharj Plain, where Cretaceous deposits outcrop. Climate is influenced to a limited extent by the relatively high altitude of the Tuwaig mountain, especially where rain fall is concerned, and an annual average of 100 mm is recorded. The rate of evaporation, however, is very high, because of the cloudless sky and high temperatures. Run-off occurs only after torrential rain, when the Wadi collects flood water from its many tributaries. Seven dams have been built in recent years in an attempt to increase underground recharge, The volume, quality and locations of underground water are determined almost entirely by climatic regime and geological characteristics. Fractions and cavities in the Jubaila limestone around Riyadh, and the alluvium deposits in the Wadi's channel used to be the main water sources. Water in these aquifers used to be at an easy reach at a depth of about 10 m beneath the surface. Urban expansion of Riyadh City, however, required a continual increase in water extraction, and the introduction of modern, equipment in agriculture also increased water consumption. This led to the lowering of the alluvium aquifer on the one hand, and the contamination of the Jubaila limestone aquifer on the other The tapping, of the Minjur aquifer in 1956 at a depth of more than 1,000 m temporarily solved the problem, but as the discharge increased sharply water level fell to a considerable depth, and in the meantime the alluvium aquifer continued dropping, so that in some areas water has been almost completely depleted. It is obvious that the lack of control over water use, and the shortage of adequate Investigation and experience, combined with the many different authorities in charge of water, produced a careless attitude to this valuable resource in both urban life and agriculture

Fungicide treatment of high-moisture corn

Two corn hybrids, one resistant the other susceptible to storage fungi, were harvested and hand shelled at 22% moisture, wet basis, and stored at this moisture in aerated bin units each containing 1000 g. For each corn hybrid, four Rovral fungicide treatments and a control treatment were applied prior to storage. Carbon-dioxide evolution was measured in each treatment as the index of grain-deterioration rate. The experiment was terminated when a 2.0% dry-matter loss in the susceptible hybrid untreated sample was observed. Development of fungi growth in the stored samples was observed by determining the percent of fungi infection by Aspergillus and Penicillium spp, visible fungi, and germination on subsamples of each differently treated unit;The resistant corn hybrid manifested a lower deterioration rate and fungi growth than did the susceptible hybrid. Samples treated with fungicide showed a highly significant reduction in grain-deterioration rate and fungi growth compared with untreated samples. The results show that Rovral fungicide is an effective suppressant of fungi growth in corn stored at high-moisture contents;Equations of CO[subscript]2 evolution versus time were utilized in a computer simulation model for 26 years of Des Moines, Iowa, weather data to simulate the effect of fungicide treatments on the production of carbon dioxide in stored high-moisture corn of different hybrids at ambient weather conditions. Allowable storage time (AST) in Wilcke\u27s model (1985) was updated to 1989 and corrected to damage, hybrid, and fungicide multipliers. Simulation prediction showed that resistant corn hybrids suppressed fungi development, increased the AST, and reduced both fan energy use and airflow requirements compared to the susceptible corn hybrid under the same conditions. Also simulation prediction indicated that Rovral fungicide treatments are very effective in slowing down grain deterioration rate and fan energy use compared to untreated samples under the same conditions