Evaluation of Language Skills of Upper Basic Stage Students in light of Language Performance Indicators

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقويم المهارات اللغوية لدى طلبة المرحلة الأساسية العليا في ضوء مؤشرات الأداء اللغوي (مهارة الاستماع، والقراءة، والكتابة)، واستخدم المنهج الوصفي المسحي لمناسبته لطبيعة الدراسة وأهدافها.  تكونت عينة الدراسة من (317) طالبًا وطالبةً، تم اختيارهم بالطريقة العشوائية البسيطة، ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة تم إعداد ثلاثة اختبارات لتقويم المهارات اللغوية في ضوء مؤشرات الأداء اللغوي، وقد جرى التأكد من صدقها وثباتها وتطبيقها على عينة الدراسة.  وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن مهارة القراءة جاءت في المرتبة الأولى بدرجة متوسطة، بينما جاءت مهارة الكتابة في المرتبة الثانية بدرجة ضعيفة، بينما جاءت مهارة الاستماع في المرتبة الأخيرة وبدرجة ضعيفة. وجاء مستوى طلبة المرحلة الأساسية العليا في المهارات اللغوية في ضوء مؤشرات الأداء اللغوي ككل بدرجة ضعيفة.  وأظهرت النتائج وجود فروق ذات دالة إحصائية تعزى لأثر الجنس في جميع المهارات، وقد جاءت الفروق لصالح الإناث، ووجود فروق بين مهارة الاستماع من جهة وكل من مهارة القراءة، ومهارة الكتابة من جهة أخرى، وجاءت الفروق لصالح كل من مهارة القراءة، ومهارة الكتابة.       The study aimed to assess the linguistic skills (listening، reading، and writing (of upper basic stage students based on linguistic performance parameters.  The descriptive survey method was used due to the suitability   the nature and objectives of the study. The study sample consisted of 317 male and female students.  Three tests were created to evaluate language skills in light of language performance parameters، and their validity and reliability were approved and applied to the study sample to achieve the goal of the study. The results revealed that reading came first with an average score، the reading skill came second with a weak score، while listening came last with a poor score. The level of linguistic skills of upper basic stage students was generally weak based on the entire linguistic performance parameters. The results also showed that the gender effect is statistically significant in all skills and total scores. Furthermore، all of the differences were in favor of female students. The results also revealed that there were differences between listening skill on one hand and the reading and writing skills on the other، with the reading and writing skills outperforming the listening and skill

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely