The Effect of the Multiple-Choice Test Length on Estimating the Item Parameters and the Test Information Function According to the Three-Parameter Logistic Model in the Item Response Theory

This study aimed at identifying the effect of the multiple-choice test length on estimating the item parameters and the test information function according to the three-parameter logistic model in the item response theory. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher adopted (WINGEN3) program to generate data. The items parameters (difficulty, discrimination and guessing) were generated for three forms of tests consisting of (20, 40, 60) items and the resulting items parameters were used to generate abilities for (4000) examinees using the three-parameter logistic model.The (BILOG-MG3) program was also used to finding items parameters and information function of the three test forms.The study results showed that there are statistically significant differences at the level of (α = 0.05) between the arithmetic averages of the items parameters estimates attributed to the test  length and in favor of the longest test in the number of items. The results also found that the test information function increases with the increase in the number of items. Keywords: the test length, the information function, the three-parameter logistic model DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-24-05 Publication date:August 31st 202

The Role of Language Centers in Jordanian Universities in Spreading a Culture of Cultural Diversity among their Students

The study aimed to identify the role of language centers in Jordanian universities in spreading a culture of cultural diversity among their students. To achieve the objectives of the study, the survey approach was used to suit the nature of this study, where a questionnaire was designed and distributed to a 400-student sample from Jordanian universities.The results of the study showed that the role of language centers in Jordanian universities in spreading the culture of cultural diversity among their students from the viewpoint of the study sample was at a low level in general, where the field of cultural diversity principles among the faculty members and the field of cultural diversity principles in the field of academic course books ranked first. As for the principles of cultural diversity in the field of university activities, they ranked last. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the study sample estimations of the role of language centers in Jordanian universities in spreading a culture of cultural diversity among their students due to gender and nationality variables. Keywords: Language centers, Jordan, diversity, university students. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-6-06 Publication date: February 29th 202

The Role of Jordanian Secondary School Teachers in Educating Students About Cyber Bullying and the Difficulties They Face in That

The study aimed to reveal the role of Jordanian secondary school teachers in educating students about cyber bullying and the difficulties they face in this. In order to achieve the aims of the study, the descriptive survey method was used for its suitability to the nature of this study, and the study adopted a questionnaire developed to collect data, and it was distributed on a random sample that included 173 teachers from Jordanian government schools in the second Amman Directorate, The study found that the role of Jordanian secondary school teachers in educating students about cyber bullying was average, and the results also showed that the difficulties facing them in this came with an average degree, As the most prominent of these difficulties facing the teacher was the fear of the victim of bullying from talking to others that he was bullied. The study recommended the necessity of enhancing the teacher's role in combating the phenomenon of electronic bullying by providing enough time outside classroom classes to educate students and motivate teachers to take this positive role. In addition to encouraging students to disclose the incidents of electronic bullying that they have been exposed to, because students' fear of speaking to others increases the phenomenon and makes it difficult for teachers or parents to deal with. Keywords: cyberbullying. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-8-15 Publication date:March 31st 202

Water management and reuse opportunities in a thermal power plant in Jordan

The Rehab power plant located in the Northern part of Jordan is presented as a case study of industrial water management. This power plant consumes boiler feed water in the amount of 200 m3/d of the freshground water available from nearby wells and it produces 193 m3/d of wastewater. Fifty seven water samples were taken from the different water treatment unit's effluents to evaluate the efficiency of these treatment units. Also, sixteen samples from the generated waste streams were taken and analyzed to characterize the wastewater of the different streams. It was found that the water treatment system provided water of much higher quality than needed for the boiler feed. The practice at the power plantwas to dispose of the generated wastewater into an evaporation pond that caused non compliance with environmental regulations and discarding of significant water reuse opportunities. It was found that 131 m3/d of the wastewater were of high quality and could be recycled inside the power plant after treatment by the existing water treatment system. Other reuse options were discussed and recommendations were provided for better operation of the water treatment systems and for reuse of the industrial water. The given scenarios will result in monetary savings and in aesthetical benefits

The Role of Jordanian Universities in Applying Fourth Industrial Revolution Principles

This study aimed to define the degree of applying the Jordanian universities of the Forth Industrial Revolution from the faculty point of view.  To achieve the goal of this study a developed questionnaire established consisting of (46) items distributed to the faculty members numbered (332) in the Jordanian public universities (The University of Jordan, Yarmouk University, and Mutah University). The findings  of this  study shows that the reality applying the Jordanian universities the Fourth Industrial Revolution from the faculty point of view came as follows: The reality knowledge systems in Jordanian universities from the faculty members point of view  was moderate, also reality technical systems in Jordanian universities from faculty members point of view was moderate, and as for the role of Jordanian universities in applying Fourth Revolution principles from the faculty members point of view, the study showed that the role of the faculty member and the role of university administration in Jordanian universities in applying the Fourth Industrial Revolution principles from the faculty member point of view was moderate degree, based on  The results of the study, it recommends that the Jordanian universities are to take an approach that supports the requirements of the information age time limit and the digital revolution in order to contribute in increasing the competence and ability of faculty members to meet the needs of students information and knowledge. Keywords: Jordanian universities, faculty members, Fourth industrial revolution. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-16-08 Publication date:June 30th 202

Dewaterability of sludge digested in extended aeration plants using conventional sand drying beds

Dewaterability of unconditioned sludge digested in full scale and lab scale experiments using either extended aeration (EA) or anaerobic digestion were compared on full and lab scale sand drying beds. Sludge digested in EA plants resulted in improvement in sludge dewaterability compared to  sludge digested anaerobically. This was demonstrated by comparing capillary suction time, time to filter a specific amount of water, the sludge volume index and the dry solids content. In addition, sieve analysis results from both types of sludge after drying in sand drying beds clearly shows that the grain portions in the fine range in case of anaerobically digested sludge are more than that in case of EA sludge. This was also clear in microscopic photos of samples. The microscopic photos of EA stabilized sludge are characterized by larger colonies of flocs and more open structure than anaerobically digested sludge

The Role of the Jordanian High Schools in Deepening Good Citizenship among their Students

The study aims to identify the role of Jordanian secondary schools in deepening good citizenship among their students. It also examines the obstacles facing Jordanian secondary schools in deepening good citizenship among their students. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive survey approach has been used for its suitability of the nature of this study, where a questionnaire was designed and distributed to a 180-teacher study sample from the Jordanian government schools.The results of the study show that the degree of the role of Jordanian high schools in deepening good citizenship among their students from the standpoint of the study sample is generally medium. It also shows that the school principal’s role in developing good citizenship ranked first and the teacher’s role in developing good citizenship ranked second, followed by the role of activities and courses in developing good citizenship in the last rank. In light of the results of the study, the researchers recommend working on creating an appropriate learning environment that enables teachers to teach citizenship issues to students and provide school libraries with educational books and brochures that deepen and root citizenship values ​​to deal with all segments of society. Keywords: citizenship, Jordan, High School, Students DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-6-05 Publication date: February 29th 202

Improvement of Water Quality in a Highly Polluted River in Jordan

Zarqa River is considered one of the most important sources of surface water in Jordan. The construction of Al-Samra wastewater treatment plant has caused a considerable deterioration in water quality of that river and pollution of the groundwater of that basin. This paper aims to study the change in water quality in the river by applying hydraulic and quality models. Samples of wastewater from the inlet and outlet of the plant were collected and analyzed according to the standard methods. The obtained results concerning BOD, NH4 and DO were used as input to predict water quality in the river. For this purpose, a one dimensional quality model has been developed to simulate pollutants transport in the river. The model was constructed to represent the change in concentrations of such parameters in the river from the treatment plant to the King Talal dam. 296 quality samples and 90 hydraulic samples were taken in order to calibrate the model. Results indicate that the concentrations of BOD, COD and NH4 effluent from the plant exceeded the allowable limits according to Jordanian standards. From the results of simulation, it is found that the model is applied successfully to predict water quality in Zarqa River. Due to self purification, high reduction of pollutant concentrations occur along the river .The concentration of BOD is still higher than the allowable limit until 33 km downstream of the plant, while NH4 concentration is higher than the standards in all reaches

Assessment of Air Pollutants Emissions from a Cement Plant: A Case Study in Jordan

This paper presents predictions of air pollutants (dust, SO2, NOx and CO) emitted from a cement plant that will be constructed in Wadi Alabyad area located about 100 km south of Amman, Jordan. The Gaussian air pollution model is used and the predicted concentrations of the air pollutants are compared with the Jordanian air quality standards (JS 1140/2006). It is found that the month of September represents the worst-case scenario where the atmospheric stability condition is classified as A and the average wind speed is 1.7 m/s. The predicted SO2 hourly and the 24-hour concentrations -when using fuel oil- reached 0.8 ppm and 0.42 ppm, consequently, at a distance of 750 m from the plant, which exceed the standard values of 0.3 ppm and 0.14 pmm, consequently. In case of natural gas as source of energy, the SO2 concentration is predicted to be negligible. The hourly concentration of NOx is 0.32 ppm at a distance of 750 m from the plant exceeding the standard limit of 0.21 ppm. It is found that the maximum TSP 24-hour concentration will be expected to reach 359.61 μg/m3 exceeding the standard value of 260 μg/m3. The TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations exceeded the values set by the standard near the vicinity of the cement plant at a distance closer than 300 m. The proposed mitigation measures should limit the ambient air pollutant concentrations to be in compliance with the standard values

A transfer learning with deep neural network approach for diabetic retinopathy classification

Diabetic retinopathy is an eye disease caused by high blood sugar and pressure which damages the blood vessels in the eye. Diabetic retinopathy is the root cause of more than 1% of the blindness worldwide. Early detection of this disease is crucial as it prevents it from progressing to a more severe level. However, the current machine learning-based approaches for detecting the severity level of diabetic retinopathy are either, i) rely on manually extracting features which makes an approach unpractical, or ii) trained on small dataset thus cannot be generalized. In this study, we propose a transfer learning-based approach for detecting the severity level of the diabetic retinopathy with high accuracy. Our model is a deep learning model based on global average pooling (GAP) technique with various pre-trained convolutional neural net- work (CNN) models. The experimental results of our approach, in which our best model achieved 82.4% quadratic weighted kappa (QWK), corroborate the ability of our model to detect the severity level of diabetic retinopathy efficiently