Between tradition and modernity: determining spatial systems of privacy in the domestic architecture of contemporary Iraq

The notion of privacy represents a central criterion for both indoor and outdoor social spaces in most traditional Arab settlements. This paper investigates privacy and everyday life as determinants of the physical properties of the built and urban fabric and will study their impact on traditional settlements and architecture of the home in the contemporary Iraqi city. It illustrates the relationship between socio-cultural aspects of public/private realms using the notion of the social sphere as an investigative tool of the concept of social space in Iraqi houses and local communities (Mahalla). This paper reports that in spite of the impact of other factors in articulating built forms, privacy embodies the primary role under the effects of Islamic rules, principles and culture. The crucial problem is the underestimation of traditional inherited values through opening social spaces to the outside that giving unlimited accesses to the indoor social environment creating many problems with regard to privacy and communal social integration

Determine SIgA in some clinical samples by passive haemagglutination

Immunoglobulins  were  isolated from tonsillar tissue ,appendix ,cerebrospinal fluid ,and vaginal secretion from different patients by polyethylene  glycol 6% . Anti SIgA was prepared by injection the rabbit with standared SIgA and adjuvant ( sun flower oil) .Detection of SIgA in isolating immunoglobulins by passive haemagglutination . We found that higher titers with appendix ,vaginal secretion  and low titers with tonsillar tissue and cerebrospinal flui

Phylogenetic Study of Escherichia coli Isolated from Clinical Samples in Hilla City, Iraq

Escherichia coli clones, designated as extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), are responsible for extraintestinal infections. Phylogenetic analysis has shown that E. coli is composed of four main phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2 and D) and six subgroups (i.e. A0, A1, B22, B23, D1 and D2). Group A and B1 are generally associated with commensals, whereas group B2,D is associated with extra-intestinal pathotypes. In the present study, a total of 53 E. coli isolates, isolated from human clinical samples, were used. Phylogenetic grouping was done based on the PCR method using primers targeted at three genetic markers, chuA, yjaA and TspE4.C2. According to PCR-based phylotyping, subgroup B23 contained the majority of the collected isolates ( 40 isolates, 75.47 %), followed by subgroups A1and B22 (4 isolates for each subgroup, 7.55 %), followed by subgroups D2( 3 isolates, 5.66 %) and A0, D1 (1 isolate for each subgroup, 1.88 %). No isolates were found to belong to group B1 . Based on the results, the majority of isolates were extra-intestinal pathotypes. Therefore, the role of E. coli in human infections including urinary tract infections, septicemia, vaginitis and meningitis should be considered for further research