Thermal performance of four-lobe swirl generator and its transition parts under a different type of nanofluids

Due to the importance of promoting the thermal performance of heat exchangers, innovating a new technique is the main goal of many researchers. In swirl flow techniques, keeping the pressure drop at the practical level still requires more and more attention. In the current paper, a numerical study is conducted to explore the impact of a novel lobe swirl generator and its transition parts on forced convective heat transfer and friction factor in a circular pipe subjected to constant heat flux.The swirl mechanism is investigated at the pitch to a diameter of P/D = 8 as the optimum design. The transition part under several parameters of variable beta (β), transition multiplier (n= 0.5) and variable helix (t = 1) have been adopted. The effect of SiO2, Al2O3, and CuO volume concentrations (1 to 5%) in water under various Reynolds numbers (Re) from 15,000 to 35,000 have been carried out. The turbulent swirling flow was modelled using the applicable shear-stress transport (SST) k-ω. The outcome demonstrated an enhancement in heat transfer value ranging from 1.35 to 1.87 with an increased pressure drop value from 1.23 to 1.67. It was also found that using SiO2/water at 5% volume concentration and Re 15000 created the highest thermal performance, with a significant factor of 1.67

Data_Sheet_1_Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward tuberculosis among Jordanian university students.PDF

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death from infectious diseases worldwide with numerous undiagnosed and untreated cases, emphasizing the need for TB awareness to minimize transmission and initiate early treatment. Data regarding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward TB among Jordanians is lacking but requires attention given the massive migration spells to Jordan from neighboring countries in the past decade.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2022. An online questionnaire was developed following World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for TB KAP surveys and was distributed to Jordanian university students. The questionnaire documented sociodemographic data and measured participants' KAP toward TB. Descriptive and analytic statistics were used to report KAP levels and highlight relevant sociodemographic factors associated with better KAP.Results602 participants completed the survey; most were females (60.8%), in their first 3 years of school (84.4%), and from a healthcare field of study (57.0%). The knowledge section median score was 27 out of 51. Knowledge gaps in TB treatment, and to a lesser extent, TB transmission routes were identified. The attitudes section median score was 6 out of 9, attitudes were generally positive toward TB patients with no indication of a social stigma. The practice section median score was 6 out of 8, most participants would take the correct measures if they suspected being infected, yet around 41.0% were not confident that masks are important in preventing airborne diseases. Students in healthcare specialties had significantly better KAP scores and identifying as a smoker was associated with a lower practice score.ConclusionAlthough university students displayed satisfactory KAP scores, the focus should be aimed at informing students from non-healthcare fields on TB transmission routes, treatment options, and the role of masks in preventing disease transmission.</p