Gamma, Neutron, and Heavy Charged Ion Shielding Properties of Er3+-Doped and Sm3+-Doped Zinc Borate Glasses

This study aimed to investigate the nuclear radiation shielding properties of erbium (Er)-reinforced and samarium (Sm)-reinforced borate glasses. In the 0.015-15 MeV photon energy range, attenuation coefficients, as well as half-value layer tenth-value layers, and the mean-free path have been calculated. Additionally, effective, and equivalent atomic numbers, effective atomic weight, electron density, and exposure and energy absorption build-up factors were also calculated. To evaluate the overall nuclear radiation attenuation competencies of Er-rich and Sm-rich glasses, effective removal cross-section values for fast neutrons and projected range/mass stopping power values for alpha and proton particles were also determined. The glass sample BZBEr2.0 had the highest linear and mass attenuation coefficients (μ and μm), effective conductivity (Ceff), the effective number of electrons (Neff), and effective atomic number (Zeff) values as well as the lowest half-value layer (T1/2), tenth value layers (T1/10), mean free path (λ), exposure build-up factor, and energy absorption build-up factor values. μm values were reported as 2.337, 2.556, 2.770, 2.976, 2.108, 2.266, 2.421, 2.569, and 2.714 for BZBEr0.5, BZBEr1.0, BZBEr1.5, BZBEr2.0, BZBSm0.0, BZBSm0.5, BZBSm1.0, BZBSm1.5, and BZBSm2.0 glass samples at 0.06 MeV, respectively. The results showed that Er has a greater effect than Sm regarding the gamma-ray shielding properties of borate glasses. The results of this investigation could be used in further investigations and added to older investigations with the same aim, to aid the scientific community in determining the most appropriate rare-earth additive, to provide adequate shielding properties based on the requirement. © 2022 Huseyin Ozan Tekin et al., published by De Gruyter

Employment of Hotel Classification to Increase Tourist Demand in the Holy Province of Karbala Period 2010-2017

Hotels are one of the main pillars in the success of the process of tourist activities in countries that have a variety of tourist elements. The variety and classification of hotels differentiates the levels of quality in services. In the case of the sacred province of Karbala, a hotel classification with a variety of quality levels and stars was adopted to express the diversity of services offered within the country's conditions and tourist demand.Los hoteles son uno de los principales pilares en el éxito del proceso de actividades turísticas de países que tienen una variedad de elementos turísticos. La variedad y clasificación de hoteles diferencia los niveles de calidad en servicios. En el caso de la provincia sagrada de Karbala se adoptó una clasificación hotelera con una variedad de niveles de calidad y estrellas para expresar la diversidad de servicios que se ofrecen dentro de las condiciones del país y la demanda turístic

Human blood analysis based on silver nanoparticles Substrate under 785 nm laser excitation

In recent years, the use of Raman and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for disease detection has grown. The motives for their increased use have commonlybeen attributed to their well-known benefits, such as the creation of narrow spectral bands that are characteristic of the molecular components present, their non-destructive method of analysis, and the sensitivity and specificity that they can confer. In this study, human blood samples were examined using SERS. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed SERS technique is stable and has significant potential in clinical diagnosis applications. In this study, human blood samples were examined using SERS. Theobtained results demonstrate that the proposed SERS technique is stable and has significant potential in clinical diagnosis applications