Acculturation Strategies and Arab Youth Cultural Identity Development: A Review

As youth immigrate to a new country, they tend to acculturate in various ways. By definition, acculturation is “the processes through which immigrants gradually adapt their language, behavior and/or values as a result of their contact with the mainstream culture” (Wang et al., 2012). Immigrant youth adopt one of four acculturation strategies, namely assimilation, separation, integration and marginalization (Berry & Sabatier, 2010; Coatsworth & Maldonado-Molina, 2005; Wang et al., 2012). Research has shown that adopting an integrated profile with a balance between both heritage and mainstream cultures translates into greater psychological and socio-cultural adaptation. Synthesized information from research on immigrant youths’ adaptation also holds that the acculturation strategy that they adopt influences their cultural identity development, stability or change. Cultural identity is composed of the immigrant youth’s ethnic identity; shaped by their culture of origin; and their national identity; identity supported by the larger society (Berry & Sabatier, 2010; Berry, 2006; Britto & Amer, 2007; Wang et al., 2012). The purpose of this poster is to provide a greater insight into existing research on Arab youths’ identity development and how this is shaped by the acculturation strategy that they adopt. This can be a base for future research on the stability or fluidity of Arab youth cultural identity development and factors leading to youths’ successful acculturation. Key words: Acculturation strategies, cultural Identity, social goals, Arab youth, immigratio

Protective Activity of Glycyrrihzaglabra against Histopathological Changes in White Albino Rats

The study was aimsto evaluation the protective activity of methanol-water extract of Glycyrrihzaglabraroot (GL) against histopathological changes induced by cyclophosphamide in white albino rats. Multiple doses for drug and extract were used to investigate the accumulation effect of drug and extract onliver and kidney. Results show that drug causes different harmful changes in rat organs in all doses concentrations used in study and extract have protective activity to prevent changes in tissue in 1000, 750 and 250 mg \kg , but dose 500 was failure to protect liver and lowest effect on kidney. Conclusion of present study is Glycyrrihzaglabrauseful for protective body organs against side effect of drugs and harmful effect of oxidative stress. Keywords: Glycyrrihzaglabra  ,cyclophosphamide, liver, kidney

Inhibition of cyclophosphomide mutagenicity using Glycyrrihza glabra root extract

The aims of the studying is using methanolic - water extract of the Glycyrrihza glabra root for inhibition the mutagenicity of anticancer drug by cytogenetic assays in vivo in three interaction between the drug and extract. The result shows that the extract is bioantimutagenesis. The treatment by extract after drug causes increase mitotic index and decrease chromosome aberration and sperm head abnormalities. The thin layer chromatography of the extract show that is contains different polar compounds

Anatomical Studies of Medicinal Plant Fumaria densiflora in Iraq

The anatomical characters of the leaf, stem and fruits of Fumaria densiflora of Papaveraceae family were studied by scanning electron and light microscopy. The results showed that the wall cells of adaxial and abaxial epidermis was thick with straight- sinuate anticlinal cell walls. Both surface have stomatal types of anomocytic, anisocytic and hemiparacytic. Leaf mesophyll consists of 1- 2 layers of palisade cells under the superior epidermis thickness rang 121.44 um and 3 or 6 layers of spongy tissue under the palisade layer. Cross sections of stems are pentagonal- shaped in outline and having five prominent angles.Fumaria fruits are tetragonal in shaped (fruit ribs are four). The external area included 2-4 layers of chlorenchyma cells as well as several layers of hypodermal collenchyma cells were recognized below the epidermis. Laticifer tubes could be seen in the sclerenchymatous sheath of the vascular bundles, the fruit wall, placenta and internal parenchyma layers. Keywords: Papaveraceae, Fumaria densiflora, leaves, stem, fruits

Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effect of Aflatoxin B1

The aims of study is to determine cytogenetic and genotoxic effect of aflatoxin B1 in vivo, cytogenetic tests are used in studying include chromosome malformation, cell proliferation and plast index test in bone marrow cell in Wight albino rats, the results show that toxin causes Varity in chromosome malformation and increased the rate of it, so it increased in cell proliferation and plast index value compare with negative control

Reuse of Iraqi Agricultural Drainage Water Using Nanofiltration

Abstract: Irrigated areas between Euphrates and Tigris rivers in Iraq suffer from salinity buildup in the root zone of corps. Agricultural drain water (ADW) from these areas is collected in a single main drain canal, in an annual flow rate of about 6 billion cubic meter. In the present work, a pilot-scale nanofiltration membranes unit was used to evaluate the feasibility of desalinating ADW from the main drain canal for further reuse. Bench scale experiments were conducted to determine the optimum anti-scale dosage values in the unit. These values were verified in a plate type laboratory scale NF membrane to visually monitor the onset of crystal appearance behavior. A method for calcium sulfate precipitation control is presented and an empirical correlation of anti-scale dosage as a function of concentration factor (CF) was obtained. A pilot-scale unit was used to investigate the performance of NF membrane. High rejection values for both cations and anions indicate that the use of NF membrane in desalinating ADW from the Iraqi main drain canal is promising. The treated drainage water is considered good for irrigation when classified according to Wilcox classification

Awareness of the Importance of and Adherence to Patients’ Rights Among Physicians and Nurses in Oman: An analytical cross-sectional study across different levels of healthcare

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the extent to which physicians and nurses in Oman were aware of the importance of and adhere to patients’ rights and whether this differed according to role, nationality, position and institutional healthcare level. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out between December 2015 and March 2016 at various governmental healthcare institutions in Oman. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 1,385 practitioners at all healthcare levels. Results: A total of 1,213 healthcare practitioners (response rate: 87.58%) completed the survey, of which 685 (56.47%) were nurses and 528 (43.53%) were physicians. Overall, awareness of the importance of patients’ rights was high (91.51%), although adherence to these rights in practice was low (63.81%). The right of the patient to be informed was considered least important and was least adhered to (81.2% and 56.39%). Nationality, role and institutional level were significantly associated with awareness (P = 0.002, 0.024 and 0.034, respectively). Non-Omani staff were significantly more likely than Omani staff to be aware of (odds ratio [OR] = 1.696; P = 0.032) and adhere to (OR = 2.769; P <0.001) patient rights. Furthermore, tertiary care staff were twice as likely as primary care staff to perceive the importance of patient rights (OR = 2.076; P = 0.019). While physicians were more likely than nurses to be aware of the importance of patient rights, this difference was not significant (OR = 1.516; P = 0.126). Conclusion: These findings may help inform measures to enhance awareness of and adherence to patients’ rights in Oman.Keywords: Medical Ethics; Patient Rights; Awareness; Adherence; Physicians; Nurses; Oman

Setting international standards for patient and parent involvement and engagement in childhood, adolescent and young adult cancer research: A report from a European Collaborative Workshop

BACKGROUND: Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) in research, advocates for research conducted ‘with’ not ‘for’ the affected population. In paediatric oncology research, the parents of children, adolescents and young adults affected by cancer are represented by the term ‘public’ in the acronym PPIE. Patients (those with cancer and cancer survivors) are also passionate advocates who drive forward the research priorities of children, adolescents and young adults throughout the entire research process. AIMS: A workshop was held at an international professional meeting in 2019 with the aim to define Patient and Parent Involvement and Engagement (PPIE); capture PPIE activities on a European level; and to explore the role of PPIE in non-interventional research. A proposed framework for a European PPIE strategy for childhood, adolescent and young adult cancers was also discussed. METHODS: The 60-minute workshop was attended by health care professionals, researchers, scientists, parents, survivors and charity/support organisations. A presentation to define PPIE, including the difference in terminology for PPIE in the context of childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancers was discussed. Best practice examples from the United Kingdom (UK) helped to demonstrate the positive impact of PPIE in paediatric oncology research. Three breakout groups then explored themes relating to PPIE, namely PPIE priorities, PPIE mapping for Europe, and PPIE in non-interventional research and data-linkage. RESULTS: Disparity in PPIE activities across Europe was evident, with ambiguity surrounding terminology and expected roles for PPIE representatives in paediatric oncology research. A lack of PPIE activity in Eastern Europe correlated with a lack of availability for clinical trials and poorer survival rates for paediatric oncology patients. There was unanimous support for PPIE embedded research in all areas, including in non-interventional studies. CONCLUSION: A European-level definition of PPIE for paediatric oncology research is needed. Further exploration into the role and responsibilities of patients, parents, and professionals when undertaking PPIE related activities is also recommended. Best practice examples from the UK, France, Germany, The Netherlands and Belgium demonstrated a preliminary evidence base from which a European PPIE strategy framework can be designed, inclusive of the patient and parent voice

In vivo study of antimutagenic and antioxidant activity of Glycyrrihza glabra root extract

The studying was aimed to inhibition the mutagenecity and oxidation of genomic DNA by use methanol-water extract of Glycyrrihza glabra root (GL) against anticancer drug cyclophosphomide in rats by use DNA fragmentation test, the extract characterized by thin layer chromatography TLC, and antioxidant activity by use β- carotene spray, the experiment design to use tow single dose of GL and single dose of the drug in three interaction, extract before, with and after the drug to investigate the mechanism of which extract effect inside cell. Four multiple doses for drug and extract to investigate the accumulation effect in DNA the results show that extract is contain of different polar compound and have antioxidant activity, so the extract is bio-antimutagenesis and poor dismutagenesis activity, the extract can inhibit accumulation effect of mutagenecity and oxidation activity of the drug