Dynamic Analyses of Two-Dimensional Functionally Graded Timoshenko Beam using Finite element Method

In this work, dynamic analyses of a functionally graded beam are presented. The governing equations of the beam is found based on the displacement field defined by Timoshenko beam theory, then solved by using finite element method based on Hamilton’s principle. The beam is assumed to be free-clambed boundary condition (F-C). The PL index is used for describing the distribution of the beam properties in both transverse and longitudinal directions. A parametric study is accomplished to investigate effect of several parameters on the natural frequency, mode shapes and transient response of the beam., such as the PL indexes (nx and nz) for x and z axis, respectively, and the elasticity modulus ratio (Eratio). To valid the present results and current mathematical formulation, some of the findings are compared with another research. A good agreement is noticed. It is noted that the response of the beam is more sensitive to the variations of the PI in the longitudinal axes than that corresponding in the transverse one. For specific design requirements, the dynamic response of the beam can be adjusted by chose a proposal indexes and modulus ratios

3-Acetyl-1-(3-methyl­phen­yl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile

In the title compound, C19H15N3O, the central pyrazole ring makes dihedral angles of 35.52 (12) and 62.21 (11)° with the attached phenyl and methyl-substituted phenyl rings, respectively. The corresponding angle between the phenyl and methyl-substituted phenyl rings is 62.90 (11)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are connected by weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming supra­molecular chains propagating along the a-axis direction

The Euphrates-Tigris-Karun river system: Provenance, recycling and dispersal of quartz-poor foreland-basin sediments in arid climate

We present a detailed sediment-provenance study on the modern Euphrates-Tigris-Karun fluvial system and Mesopotamian foreland basin, one of the cradles of humanity. Our rich petrographic and heavy-mineral dataset, integrated by sand geochemistry and U–Pb age spectra of detrital zircons, highlights the several peculiarities of this large source-to-sink sediment-routing system and widens the spectrum of compositions generally assumed as paradigmatic for orogenic settings. Comparison of classical static versus upgraded dynamic petrologic models enhances the power of provenance analysis, and allows us to derive a more refined conceptual model of reference and to verify the limitations of the approach. Sand derived from the Anatolia-Zagros orogen contains abundant lithic grains eroded from carbonates, cherts, mudrocks, arc volcanics, obducted ophiolites and ophiolitic mélanges representing the exposed shallow structural level of the orogen, with relative scarcity of quartz, K-feldspar and mica. This quartz-poor petrographic signature, characterizing the undissected composite tectonic domain of the entire Anatolia-Iranian plateau, is markedly distinct from that of sand shed by more elevated and faster-eroding collision orogens such as the Himalaya. Arid climate in the region allows preservation of chemically unstable grains including carbonate rock fragments and locally even gypsum, and reduces transport capacity of fluvial systems, which dump most of their load in Mesopotamian marshlands upstream of the Arabian/Persian Gulf allochemical carbonate factory. Quartz-poor sediment from the Anatolia-Zagros orogen mixes with quartz-rich recycled sands from Arabia along the western side of the foreland basin, and is traced all along the Gulf shores as far as the Rub' al-Khali sand sea up to 4000 km from Euphrates headwaters

Local dynamic frequency response using domestic electric vehicles

There is an increasing interest to penetrate low carbon vehicles into the transport system. Take the Great Britain (GB) as an example, the number of electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles will make up to at least half of new vehicle sales. Electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to contribute to the ancillary services of the frequency response because EVs can provide immediate frequency response and sustain its response for considerable period of time. This paper addresses the design of a Dynamic Vehicle Grid Support (DVGS) control algorithm for the provision of local frequency response. The DVGS considers a dynamic relationship between the state of charge of EVs and frequency set-points. Thus, it can be installed locally avoiding the cost and the time delay associated with the communication system between EVs and the control centre. The DVGS control algorithm was demonstrated using the reduced GB transmission power system model with a reduced system inertia. The simulation results showed that the EVs are promising assets for the provision of frequency response and reducing the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). Moreover, EVs can be controlled geographically to provide the zonal frequency response, reducing the dependency on the power from the spinning reserve, especially with a reduced system inertia. The financial benefits of using the aggregated DVGS for firm frequency response (FFR) service in the GB is calculated

Synthesis, Antiviral, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Benzyl Protected Diversified C-nucleosides

Formyl glycals are the versatile synthetic intermediates and can serves as precursor for the synthesis of various C and N-nucleosides. Due to the presence of electron donating and electron withdrawing character on formyl sugars which makes the molecule more susceptible to nucleophilic attack. Utilizing same strategy, we propose the synthesis of diversified C-nucleosides (3-14) by reaction with N,N dinucleophiles. These nucleoside analogs were than tested against viral, bacterial and fungal strains

5-Isopropyl­imidazolidine-2,4-dione monohydrate

In the title compound, C6H10N2O2·H2O, the imidazole ring is essentially planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.012 (2) Å. In the crystal, mol­ecules are connected via N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a supra­molecular tape along the a axis

Generation of polyclonal antibody with high avidity to rosuvastatin and its use in development of highly sensitive ELISA for determination of rosuvastatin in plasma

In this study, a polyclonal antibody with high avidity and specificity to the potent hypocholesterolaemic agent rosuvastatin (ROS) has been prepared and used in the development of highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for determination of ROS in plasma. ROS was coupled to keyhole limpt hemocyanin (KLH) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) using carbodiimide reagent. ROS-KLH conjugate was used for immunization of female 8-weeks old New Zealand white rabbits. The immune response of the rabbits was monitored by direct ELISA using ROS-BSA immobilized onto microwell plates as a solid phase. The rabbit that showed the highest antibody titer and avidity to ROS was scarified and its sera were collected. The IgG fraction was isolated and purified by avidity chromatography on protein A column. The purified antibody showed high avidity to ROS; IC50 = 0.4 ng/ml. The specificity of the antibody for ROS was evaluated by indirect ELISA using various competitors from the ROS-structural analogues and the therapeutic agents used with ROS in a combination therapy. The proposed ELISA involved a competitive binding reaction between ROS, in plasma sample, and the immobilized ROS-BSA for the binding sites on a limited amount of the anti-ROS antibody. The bound anti-ROS antibody was quantified with horseradish peroxidase-labeled second anti-rabbit IgG antibody (HRP-IgG) and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as a substrate for the peroxidase enzyme. The concentration of ROS in the sample was quantified by its ability to inhibit the binding of the anti-ROS antibody to the immobilized ROS-BSA and subsequently the color intensity in the assay wells. The assay enabled the determination of ROS in plasma at concentrations as low as 40 pg/ml

Practice of intercropping and its impact on legume productivity in Egypt

In Egypt, conserving irrigation water and raising crop output are significant concerns. Egypt's climate ranges from semi-arid and arid to desert. The number of summer legumes cultivated on a per-capita basis is declining. Excessively applied nitrogen (N) mineral fertilization and irrigation water are widespread agricultural techniques that harm the quality of the soil and the surrounding environment. It should be possible to increase overall agricultural yield while working with scarce agricultural resources through intercropping. In developing countries, intercropping is the most common farming system for increasing and maintaining agricultural production. As a widely spaced crop, maize provides ample opportunity for the practice of intercropping. Legumes are well-known for their effectiveness as intercropping companions. In light of this information, an investigation into the possibility of intercropping maize with legumes, specifically groundnut and green gram, was carried out. Seeds for groundnuts and green grams were sown between rows of paired row maize. The results demonstrated that the intercropping system had no considerable impact on maize grain and straw yields. However, there was a substantial disparity in total biomass production between the experiments; maize and groundnut (2:3) recorded the highest yield, followed by groundnut (2:2) and green gram (2:3). The land equivalent ratio (LER) unequivocally demonstrated the benefits of intercropping, and the highest LER was achieved by growing maize and groundnut (2:1)

Ultraviolet Radiation Induced Dopant Loss in a TiO2 Photocatalyst

Doped TiO2 has been studied with intense interest in recent decades because of its ability to utilize visible wavelengths and enhance the efficiency of photocatalytic processes. Thus, as a class of materials, it is of significant interest for use in environmental ambient energy utilization applications. Using a popular and well-studied form of doped TiO2 (nitrogen doped) as an example, we show how 28 days of UVA irradiation which is identical in intensity with solar conditions is sufficient to cause the UV induced surface segregation and eventual loss of nitrogen dopant species in TiO2. This is evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transient absorption spectroscopy. The loss of interstitial nitrogen dopants correlates with the eventual permanent loss of photocatalytic activity and visible light absorption. The UV induced loss of dopants in a metal oxide is unprecedented and represents a potential problem where the environmental use of doped metal oxides in applications is concerned