Oral hygiene and periodontal health status among khat chewers. A case-control study

Habitual khat chewing is a widespread male habit in Southern Arabia and East Africa. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Khat chewing on oral hygiene and periodontal health status among Yemeni male khat chewers. This case- control study included 310 khat chewers, aged 20-65 years, and 72 age- and gender- matched non-chewers as controls. Periodontal examination included recording of dental plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), attachment level (AL) and gingival recession (GR). Demographic data, oral hygiene practices, and duration, frequency and site of khat chewing were obtained using questionnaires. SPSS was used for data analysis. ANOVA and t- tests were used to compare groups. Khat chewers had significantly higher mean PI, AL, GR scores than non-chewers (P 0.05). Interestingly, the results showed that the chewing side had less PI, GI and PPD than non-chewing side. However, gingival recession was significantly higher in the chewing side. The duration of chewing showed a significant effect on PI, PPD, AL, and GR but had no effect on the gingival condition. Likewise, the frequency of chewing showed a significant effect on PPD, AL, and GR, but had no effect on other indices (PI and GI). The results of this study indicate that khat chewing have a detrimental effect on the periodontium

Oral mucosal lesions and their association with tobacco use and qat chewing among Yemeni dental patients

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) in patients attending outpa - tient dental clinics in Sana`a university, Yemen, and to evaluate the association of such lesions with age, gender, and oral habits. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 409 subjects (272 males, 137 females, age: 15-86 years). Detailed clinical examination was performed in accordance with international criteria. Patient history in - cluded age, gender, education, denture wearing and risk habits (tobacco use and qat chewing). Data were analyzed using SPSS 19.00. Results: The prevalence of OMLs was 58.4% with a significant difference between men (63.6%) and women (48.2%; P < 0.05). The most common lesions were fissured tongue (37.2%), hairy tongue (15.9%), tumors and tumor-like lesions (9.8%), qat-induced white lesions (9.3%) and racial pigmentation (5.9%). Overall OMLs pre - valence was linked to risk habits and age; qat chewing was statistically significant risk factor for having fissured tongue (OR: 1.77), hairy tongue (OR: 2.74), and white lesions (OR: 2.39) ( P < 0.05). Cigarette smoking was statis - tically significant risk factor for having hairy tongue (OR: 2.82), white lesions (OR: 3.60) and tumors and tumor- like lesions (OR: 2.91) ( P < 0.01). The increase in age was statistically significant risk factor for having tumors and tumor-like lesions (OR: 1.04; P < 0.001). Conclusions: The current results indicate that the occurrence of OMLs among Yemeni adults is high and emphasize that risk habits and age have some relationship with the presence of OMLs

The effect of radiotherapy on survival of dental implants in head and neck cancer patients

Objectives: To explore the current literature of the survival of dental implants in irradiated head and neck cancer patients considering the role of implant location, bone augmentation, dose of radiation and timing of implant placement. Study Design: Pubmed search was conducted to identify articles published between January 2000 and December 2014 and presenting data of dental implant survival with radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients. Studies on animal subjects and craniofacial implants were excluded. Results: 18 articles out of 27 were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. 12 out of 18 studies reported favorable outcome of dental implants and radiotherapy with survival rates between 74.4% and 97%. Seven out of ten studies comparing the survival rates according to site of implant placement reported that implants were found to osseointegrate with greater success in the irradiated mandible than irradiated maxilla. 5 studies which compared implant survival in irradiated native bone versus irradiated grafted bone reported that irradiated grafted bone showed a significantly reduced dental implant survival rate in comparison to irradiated native bone. 6 out of 18studies in which radiation doses exceeded 70 Gy reported lower survival rates of dental implants in comparison to the studies in which radiation doses were ≤70Gy. Higher survival rates were reported in 2 studies in which implants placement was before radiotherapy in comparison to the remaining 16 studies in which implants placement was after radiotherapy. Conclusions: Dental implants may be affected by radiotherapy especially when they are placed in maxilla, in grafted bone, or after radiation, however, they remain a functional option for rehabilitation of head and cancer patients. More prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trails are still needed to draw more evidence based conclusion

Lip and oral lesions in children with Down syndrome: a controlled study

Background: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality affecting numerous organs, including the orofacial region. The objective of the present study was to assess the prevalence of lip and oral soft tissue lesions, with particular emphasize on the incidence of fissured tongue, lip fissures and angular cheilitis, among individuals with DS in Yemen. Material and Methods: This controlled cross-sectional study included 50 children with DS (6-18 years), and 50 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The prevalence of orofacial soft tissue lesions was evaluated in both groups. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and Fisher tests, and p <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Ten orolabial lesions were identified among the subjects. The most frequently seen lesions were: Fissured tongue (78.0%), lip fissures (64.0%), angular cheilitis (38.0%) and Cheilitis (14.0%). The frequencies of these lesions were significantly higher in children with DS than healthy controls ( P < 0.001). Most of lip fissures were in the lower lip, and 80% of the fissures were in the midline. Conclusions: The prevalence of lip and oral lesions among individuals with DS is remarkably high. Hence, oral physicians should be more aware of the orofacial findings seen more frequently in this genetic disorder

Relación entre la maduración vertebral cervical y el desarrollo dental en una muestra de niños y adolescentes Yemeníes.

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between dental development and cervical vertebral maturation stages in a group of Yemeni children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: The study included digital panoramic radiographs and lateral skull cephalograms obtained from 207 Yemeni subjects—122 females and 85 males aged between 8 to 18 years. Dental maturity was evaluated according to the method of Demirijian et al.,6 calcification stages of the left mandibular canines, first and second premolars and second molars were assessed. Skeletal maturity was assessed by the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages according to the method of Baccetti et al.10 Correlation between CVM and dental maturation was evaluated by Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient (SROCC). Results: CVM and dental calcification stages were highly correlated (p&lt;0.001) in both genders, ranging from 0.686 to 0.873 for females and 0.787 to 0.871 for males. Calcification stages of the second molars showed the strongest correlation with CVM. Conclusion: Calcification stages of the second molar may be used as a reliable maturation indicator. Dental maturation may be applied to determine the skeletal maturity status of Yemeni children and adolescents.Objetivo: Este estudio se realizó para investigar la relación entre el desarrollo dental y las etapas de maduración vertebral cervical en un grupo de niños y adolescentes yemeníes. Material y Métodos: El estudio incluyó radiografías panorámicas digitales y cefalogramas laterales del cráneo obtenidos de 207 sujetos yemeníes: 122 mujeres y 85 hombres de entre 8 y 18 años. La madurez dental se evaluó de acuerdo con el método de Demirijian et al.6 Se evaluaron las etapas de calcificación de los caninos mandibulares izquierdos, primer y segundo premolares y segundos molares. La madurez esquelética se evaluó mediante las etapas de maduración vertebral cervical (CVM) de acuerdo con el método de Baccetti et al.10 La correlación entre la CVM y la maduración dental se evaluó mediante el coeficiente de correlación de orden de rango de Spearman (SROCC). Resultados: Las etapas de CVM y calcificación dental estuvieron altamente correlacionadas (p&lt;0.001) en ambos sexos, con un rango de 0.686 a 0.873 para las mujeres y 0.787 a 0.871 para los hombres. Las etapas de calcificación de los segundos molares mostraron la correlación más fuerte con CVM. Conclusión: las etapas de calcificación del segundo molar pueden usarse como un indicador de maduración confiable. La maduración dental puede aplicarse para determinar el estado de madurez esquelética de los niños y adolescentes yemeníes

Runtime CPU scheduler customization framework for a flexible mobile operating system

Mobile operating systems should adapt to different applications requirement such as multimedia, games, video and audio applications, and mobile calls, etc. Process scheduling is considered as the most important part of the mobile operating system, which has the responsibility for adapting the operating systems to these applications requirements. In this work, the architecture for a runtime CPU scheduler customization framework for the Linux kernel that take into account different applications requirements is presented. The Runtime CPU Scheduler Customization (RCSC) framework permits the mobile devices users as well as the developers of Linux-based mobile operating systems to customize CPU scheduler to run with a specific scheduling policy as well as evaluate newly developed scheduling policies from user space at runtime. As a consequence, mobile operating system can be tuned manually or automatically in order to adapt with the requirements of a particular application

A heuristic rule based approach for monitoring of hemodynamic data in Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit

Patients in Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Units (CICU) are physiologically weak and require watchful monitoring and support. Such monitoring generates massive amount of data that enable early detection of changes in the patient's condition and provide information that help medical staff to give the treatment and evaluate the response to medical interventions.The countless data gathered from monitoring systems and clinical information systems have created a challenge and are time consuming for clinicians to analyze.This paper discusses the implementation of an intelligent system that has been designed to improve interpretation of clinical data which will then increase the quality and efficiency of the working environment in CICU.The implementation is based on the description state from the cardiologist.This research work extends the cardiologist approach by providing the heuristic rules(based approach to address the treatment.The system is intended to help physicians and CICU staffs to diagnose and track the conditions of patients

Is Khat (Catha edulis) chewing a risk factor for periodontal diseases? : a systematic review

Background: Khat (Catha edulis) chewing is a highly prevalent habit in the Arabian Peninsula and East Africa, and has recently spread to Western countries. The association between khat chewing and oral mucosal lesions is well documented in the literature. However, there is no concrete evidence on the association between khat chewing and periodontal disease. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the influence of khat chewing on periodontal health. Material and methods: A literature search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Sciences databases was carried out to identify relevant articles published from 1990 to May 2017. The inclusion criteria were all clinical studies that assessed the relationship between khat chewing and periodontal disease. Results: The search yielded 122 articles, of which 10 were included in this systematic review. Most of the studies exhibited a positive correlation between khat chewing and periodontal disease. Conclusions: Altogether, the analysis of the current evidence reveals that khat chewing is destructive to the periodontium and enhances the risk of periodontal disease progression. However, due to variability of studies, more longitudinal case-controlled studies are highly warranted to establish a causal relation between khat chewing and periodontal disease

Antibacterial and anti‑inflammatory efficacy of n‑acetyl cysteine in endodontic treatment: A scoping review

This scoping review systematically summarized the available evidence about the efficacy of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) as an intracanal antibacterial and/or anti-inflammatory.PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google scholar search engines/databases were searched up to February 2022 to retrieve relevant studies. The studies were evaluated for eligibility criteria, and identifying relevant studies.Out of 193 studies, 15 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were processed for data extraction. Thirteen in vitro studies assessed antibacterial/antibiofilm efficacy of NAC, and reported good and promising efficacy: NAC was found as efficacious as the comparators (chlorhexidine, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hydroxide), or even showed higher efficacy

The influence of horizontal glass fiber posts on fracture strength and fracture pattern of endodontically treated teeth: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize available evi-dence regarding the effect of horizontal glass fiber posts (HGFPs) on fracture strengthand fracture pattern of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) compared to controls withoutHGFP. The review protocol was registered on the OSF registries.Literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web ofScience, Embase, Google Scholar, and ProQuest for all relevant studies published upto February 2022. All in vitro studies that assessed the influence of HGFPs on fracturestrength and fracture pattern of ETT whether mesio-occluso-distal or mesio-occlusalor DO cavities were considered eligible. Review Manager (RevMan) was used forthe meta-analysis. Subgroup and funnel plot analyses were also performed. Qualityassessment was conducted by two independent reviewers