Pembinaan Akhlak Menurut Syekh Az-Zarnuji dalam Kitab Ta'limul Muta'allim

Akhlak merupakan salah satu faktor yang sangat menentukan jatuh bangunnya seseorang, bangsa maupun negara. Kejayaan seseorang, masyarakat, bangsa dan negara sangat tergantung oleh akhlaknya. Dengan akhlak yang baik seseorang akan mendapat kedudukan dalam lingkungan dan masyarakat, karena ruang lingkup akhlak bukan hanya sekedar sopan santun atau tata krama lahiriyah saja, seperti cara berbicara, cara bersikap dan bertingkahlaku sehari-hari. Tetapi akhlak tersebut juga menyangkut masalah yang bersifat rohaniah, yaitu terisinya hati seseorang dengan sifat utama, seperti bertanggung jawab, adil, sabar, pemaaf dan terhindar dari sifat yang merusak seperti sombong, irihati, dengki, dan lainnya. Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui pembinaan akhlak menurut syekh az-Zarnuji dalam kitab ta'limul muta'allim.  Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah menggunakan penelitian kualitatif jenis studi kepustakaan (library research) dengan analisis isi (content analysis) atau analisis tekstual, dan metode interpretasi. Tujuan pembinaan akhlak menurut syekh az-Zarnuji, tidaklah sekadar diarahkan untuk kepentingan akhirat, tetapi juga untuk kebaikan atau kepentingan di dunia. Namun, kepentingan akhirat tentunya mesti diutamakan daripada kepentingan duniawi. Bahkan, ia secara tegas menyatakan bahwa menuntut ilmu untuk kepentingan duniawi, tidaklah boleh terlepas dari kepentingan akhirat. Dengan begitu, murid akan mendapatkan kelezatan ilmu pengetahuan

A Hybrid Mutual Coupling Reduction Technique in a Dual-Band MIMO Textile Antenna for WBAN and 5G Applications

This paper presents a hybrid mutual coupling reduction technique applied onto a dual-band textile MIMO antenna for wireless body area network and 5G applications. The MIMO antenna consists of two hexagonal patch antennas, each integrated with a split-ring (SR) and a bar slot to operate in dual-band mode at 2.45 GHz and 3.5 GHz. Each patch is dimensioned at 47.2 × 31 mm2. This hybrid technique results in a simple structure, while enabling significant reduction of mutual coupling (MC) between the closely spaced patches (up to 0.1 λ). This technique combines a line patch and a patch rotation technique, explained as follows. First, a line patch is introduced at an optimized distance to enable operation with a broad impedance bandwidth at both target frequencies. One of the patches is then rotated by 90° at an optimized distance, resulting in a significant MC suppression while maintaining the dual and broad impedance bandwidth. The proposed MIMO antenna is further evaluated under several bending configurations to assess its robustness. A satisfactory agreement between simulated and measured results is observed in both planar and bending conditions. Results show that the MIMO antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 4.3 % and 6.79 % in the 2.45 GHz and 3.5 GHz band, respectively. Moreover, very low MC (S21 \u3c-30 dB) is achieved, with a low (\u3c 0.002) envelop correlation coefficient, and about 10 dB of diversity gain at both desired frequencies using this technique. Even when bent at an angle of 50° at the x-and y-axes, the antenna bent maintained a realized gain of 1.878 dBi and 4.027 dBi in the lower and upper band, respectively. A robust performance is offered by the antenna against the lossy effects of the human body with good agreements between simulated and measured results

A hybrid mutual coupling reduction technique in a dual-band MIMO textile antenna for WBAN and 5G applications

Abstract This paper presents a hybrid mutual coupling reduction technique applied onto a dual-band textile MIMO antenna for wireless body area network and 5G applications. The MIMO antenna consists of two hexagonal patch antennas, each integrated with a split-ring (SR) and a bar slot to operate in dual-band mode at 2.45 GHz and 3.5 GHz. Each patch is dimensioned at 47.2 × 31 mm². This hybrid technique results in a simple structure, while enabling significant reduction of mutual coupling (MC) between the closely spaced patches (up to 0.1 λ ). This technique combines a line patch and a patch rotation technique, explained as follows. First, a line patch is introduced at an optimized distance to enable operation with a broad impedance bandwidth at both target frequencies. One of the patches is then rotated by 90° at an optimized distance, resulting in a significant MC suppression while maintaining the dual and broad impedance bandwidth. The proposed MIMO antenna is further evaluated under several bending configurations to assess its robustness. A satisfactory agreement between simulated and measured results is observed in both planar and bending conditions. Results show that the MIMO antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 4.3 % and 6.79 % in the 2.45 GHz and 3.5 GHz band, respectively. Moreover, very low MC ( S₂₁ < −30 dB) is achieved, with a low (< 0.002) envelop correlation coefficient, and about 10 dB of diversity gain at both desired frequencies using this technique. Even when bent at an angle of 50° at the x- and y-axes, the antenna bent maintained a realized gain of 1.878 dBi and 4.027 dBi in the lower and upper band, respectively. A robust performance is offered by the antenna against the lossy effects of the human body with good agreements between simulated and measured results