Investigating droplet separation efficiency in wire-mesh mist eliminators in bubble column

AbstractEffects of design parameters on performance of wire-mesh mist eliminators were experimentally investigated in 15cm bubble column. The demisters performances were evaluated by droplet collection efficiency as a function of wide ranges of operating and design parameters. These parameters include: droplet size exiting the demister (250–380μm), specific surface area (236–868m2/m3), void fraction (97–98.3%), wire diameter (0.14–0.28mm), packing density (130–240kg/m3), and superficial gas velocity (0.109–0.118m/s. All demisters were 15cm in diameter with 10cm pad thickness, made from 316L stainless steel layered type demister pad wires. Experiments were carried out using air–water system at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. The experimental data on the droplet removal efficiency were obtained using Malvern Laser Droplet Sizer. The removal efficiency was found to increase with the increasing the demister specific surface area, packing density, and superficial gas velocity. In contrast, the removal efficiency was found to increase with decreasing the demister void fraction and wire diameter. The separation efficiency is correlated empirically as a function of the design parameters. A good agreement was obtained between the measured values and the correlation predictions with ±5% accuracy

The Electron Microscope Detection and X-Ray Quantitation of Cations in Bacterial Cells

Electron microscope autoradiography and X-ray microanalysis have been used for the detection and quantitation of cations in the bacterium Pseudomonas tabaci. These techniques differ in the information they provide (relating to either cation uptake or in situ levels), their applicability to different cations, their sensitivity and their spatial resolution. With uptake of 63Ni2+, high resolution autoradiography (involving gold latensification and physical development) demonstrated a high degree of cation localisation to the central nucleoid area (glutaraldehyde-fixed cells) and within this to the constituent chromatin (acetic-alcohol preparations). X-ray microanalysis of whole bacterial cells revealed the presence of substantial levels of K (mainly soluble cation}, Ca, Mn, Ni, Cu and Zn (mainly in soluble cations) and Fe (present as major soluble and insoluble components). The use of whole cells provided a particularly useful experimental system to demonstrate the importance of cell preparation technique in relation to element detectability. The application of X-ray microanalysis to lysed cells permitted analysis of extruded contents -including cell protoplast (protoplasm without associated cell wall material) and chromatin fibrils. The microprobe detection of DNA-associated cations was most effective with freshly extracted chromatin and showed the presence of bound K, Ca and transition metals

Severe Root Resorption after Obturating a Primary Molar Using Zinc Oxide and Eugenol at Different Follow-up Periods – A Case Report

AIM: The aim of this study is to present severe root resorption following obturation of the primary molar with zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) at different follow-up periods. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 6-year-old boy with decayed lower primary molars. Pulpectomy for pulpally involved primary molars was performed. ZOE has been used as root canal filling material and follow-up was done at 3, 6, and 9 months. CONCLUSION: External root resorption was detected at 3 months and the resorptive process continued till 9 months. This finding emphasizes the need for alternative filling material with less irritating properties

A standardized marking procedure for ENT operations to prevent wrong-site surgery: development, establishment and subsequent evaluation among patients and medical personnel

Purpose Wrong-site surgeries are rare but potentially serious clinical errors. Marking the surgical site is crucial to preventing errors, but is hindered in the ENT field by the presence of many internal organs. In addition, there is no standardized marking procedure. Methods Here, an ENT surgical-marking procedure was developed and introduced at a clinic. The procedure was evaluated through anonymized questionnaires. This study was conducted over a 6-month period by interviewing patients and, at the beginning and end of this period, doctors and other surgical staff. Results The internal organ-marking problem was solved by applying a fixed abbreviation for each procedure onto the shoulder in addition to marking the skin surface as close to the organ as possible. The procedure was described as practicable by 100% of the interviewees; 75% of the ENT physicians and 96.3% of the other surgical staff considered the procedure highly important for preventing site confusion, and 75% of the physicians had a consequently greater feeling of safety. Of the 248 patients surveyed, 96.0% considered the marking procedure useful, and 75.8% had a consequently greater feeling of safety. For 52.0%, the marking reduced their fear of the operation. Conclusions For the first time, a standardized procedure was developed to mark the site of ENT surgery directly, uniformly and safely on patients. The procedure was judged to be useful and practicable and was also deemed crucial for preventing site confusion. Patients felt safer and less fearful of the operation due to the marking

2-Amino-N-(2-hydr­oxy-3-methoxy­benzyl­idene)aniline

In the title compound, C14H14N2O2, the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 9.67 (10)°. Two intra­molecular O—H⋯N and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds involving the hydr­oxy and amino groups generate S(6) and S(5) ring motifs, respectively. In the crystal structure, N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link neighboring mol­ecules. Mol­ecules are also stacked in a head-to-tail fashion along the c axis through π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid separation of 3.7357 (12) Å] and are further linked by weak inter­molecular C—H⋯π inter­actions, giving a zigzag arrangement along the b axis

Structural and Energetic Properties of Weak Noncovalent Interactions in Two Closely Related 3,6-Disubstituted-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole Derivatives: In Vitro Cyclooxygenase Activity, Crystallography, and Computational Investigations

Two 3,6-disubstituted-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives, namely, 3-(adamantan-1-yl)-6-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole 1 and 6-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole 2, were prepared, and the detailed analysis of the weak intermolecular interactions responsible for the supramolecular self-assembly was performed using X-ray diffraction and theoretical tools. Analyses of Hirshfeld surface and 2D fingerprint plot demonstrated the effect of adamant-1-yl/phenyl moieties on intermolecular interactions in solid-state structures. The effect of these substituents on H···H/Cl/N contacts was more specific. The CLP-PIXEL and density functional theory methods provide information on the energetics of molecular dimers observed in these compounds. The crystal structure of compound 1 stabilizes with a variety of weak intermolecular interactions, including C–H···N, C–H···π, and C–H···Cl hydrogen bonds, a directional C–S···π chalcogen bond, and unconventional short F···C/N contacts. The crystal structure of compound 2 is stabilized by π-stacking interactions, C–H···N, C–H···π, and C–H···Cl hydrogen bonds, and highly directional attractive σ–hole interactions such as the C–Cl···N halogen bond and the C–S···N chalcogen bond. In addition, S(lp)···C(π) and short N···N contacts play a supportive role in the stabilization of certain molecular dimers. The final supramolecular architectures resulting from the combination of different intermolecular interactions are observed in both the crystal packing. The molecular electrostatic potential map reveals complementary electrostatic potentials of the interacting atoms. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules approach was used to delineate the nature and strength of different intermolecular interactions present in different dimers of compounds 1 and 2. The in vitro experiments suggest that both compounds showed selectivity against COX-2 targets rather than COX-1. Molecular docking analysis showed the binding pose of the compounds at the active sites of COX-1/2 enzymes