Role of SMARCAD1 in human breast cancer cell proliferation, colony growth, migration and invasion

Breast cancer is the most common cancer seen in women worldwide accounting for more than 1.3 million cases and 458 000 deaths a year worldwide. Breast cancer patients are at high risk of recurrence in the form of metastatic disease. Genes associated with invasion and metastasis provides an aggressive edge in proliferation and growth during colonization of the metastatic site. The SMARCAD1 (SWI/SNF-related, Matrix-associated, Actin-dependent Regulator of Chromatin, containing DEAD/H box 1) protein is the human homolog of yeast Fun30 (Function Unknown Now 30) proteins. These proteins are members of the Snf2 helicase motif-containing protein families, and are known to act as ATP-dependent DNA translocators. Previous studies have shown that yeast Fun30 deletions are resistant to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The over-expression of Fun30 has been shown to affect chromosome stability, integrity, and segregation. Fun30 has also been shown to be a potential cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk1)/Cdc28 substrate. The SMARCAD1 is a DEAD/H box containing helicase which includes proteins essential for replication, repair, and transcription. In addition to two DEAD/H box and an ATP-binding motifs within SMARCAD1, it has a putative nuclear localization signal and several regions that may mediate protein-protein interactions. Expression analysis indicates that SMARCAD1 transcript are ubiquitous, with particularly high levels in endocrine tissue. The gene for SMARCAD1 has been mapped to the chromosome 4q22-q23m, a region rich in break points and deletion mutants of genes involved in several human diseases, notably soft tissue leiomyosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and hematologic malignancies. It has been recently reported that the binding sites of endogenous SMARCAD1/KIAA1122 are frequently found in the vicinity of transcriptional start sites. Moreover, human SMARCAD1 overexpression was observed in E1A-expressing cell line with increased capacity for gene reactivation events by genomic rearrangements suggesting that human SMARCAD1 may play a role in genetic instability. Previous studies in our laboratory showed that the breast cancer cells estrogen receptors (ER)-negative MDA-MB -231 and MDA-MB-231-1833 as well as ER-positive MCF-7 and T47D express a high level of SMARCAD1 in comparison with the normal breast epithelial cells NHME. In my master research project, we investigated the impact of specific silencing SMARCAD1 on human breast cancer cell proliferation, colony growth, morphology, migration and invasion using human breast cancer cells estrogen receptors (ER)-negative MDA-MB-231. In this respect, the cells were stably transfected with two different designs of SMARTvector 2.0 Lentiviral shRNA particles targeting SMARCAD1. Control cells were transfected with SMARTvector 2.0 Non-Targeting control particles. The positive clones (10 to 12 from each design) were selected under puromycin and the GFP positive clones were analyzed using western-blot to confirm specific SMARCAD1 silencing. The two different design of shRNA targeting SMARCAD1 induced 99% decreased in the SMARCAD1 protein level (SMARCAD1-shRNA1, and SMARCAD1-shRNA3). The selectivity of this silencing was confirmed by the fact that no impact on SMARCAD1 protein was observed in the cells transfected with shRNA-control particles (control-shRNA). We demonstrated for the first time that silencing of SMARCAD1 resulted in a significant inhibition of cellular proliferation and colonies formation in soft agar, as well as cellular migration, and invasiveness. All together, these results strongly suggest that SMARCAD1 may play an important role in breast cancer growth and metastasis. Identification of new molecular effectors and signaling pathways involved in breast cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis could lead to effective targeted approaches in breast cancer therapy

Automatic Surface Temperature Mapping in ArcGIS using Landsat-8 TIRS and ENVI Tools, Case Study: Al Habbaniyah Lake

Recently, monitoring environmental conditions and natural resources are the focus of attention of most of engineers and cartographers. Remote sensing satellites have helped the researchers in these tasks. The new instrument which called Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) carried on board of the new generation of Landsat satellites. This instrument captures the temperature of the Earth’s surface in two bands, band 10 and band 11. This paper aimed to automate the surface temperature map production for Al Habbaniyah Lake using image processing algorithms and ArcGIS geoprocessing tools. The two bands 10 and 11 of Landsat-8 TIRS data are used in this study. In addition, supervised classification is also used for extracting the boundary of the study area. The results of the presented model showed the ability of ArcGIS software with the integration of ENVI tools on automating complex maps production processes with high accuracy and fast. The study also showed that there is a difference between the temperature values that has calculated from band 10 and band 11. From the resulted maps, the temperature of the NW region of the study area have had the highest temperature values. Keywords: Al Habbaniyah Lake, Geographic Information System, Landsat 8, TIRS, ENVI, ArcGI

Epidemiological study of bloody diarrhoea among children in Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract.Introduction: Diarrhoeais an easily preventable and treatable disease; however it is still a major public health problem particularly in developing world.Bloody diarrhoea in young children is usually a sign of invasive enteric infection that carries risk of serious morbidity and death. In Iraq diarrhoea is the second common cause of mortalities among children. Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of bloody diarrhoea among children less than 10 years old, in Baghdad.  Material and methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted included 1500 children with diarrhoea, ageing < 10 years old. Mothers were interviewed to obtain the necessarily information. Clinical examination and stool laboratory tests were performed for all children.Results: The prevalence of bloody diarrhoea was 28%. Bloody diarrhoea was significantly higher among children aged 7-9 years old, living in rural areas, with illiterate mother, river water is a household source of water, and on exclusive bottle feeding. Sex of child and working mother were not significant. Entamoeba Histolytica was the main causative agents especially among age group1-3years old. Salmonella and Shigella were common among age group 4-6 years old. Conclusion: The prevalence of bloody diarrhoea was high. Entamoeba Histolytica was the main costive agent. Poor sanitary condition and low socio-economic status may contribute to bloody diarrhoea among children in Iraq.Keywords: childhood  bloody diarrhea, risk factors, causative pathogens , environmental sanitation, breast feedin

Gender Differences: Motivations for performing physical exercise among adults in Shah Alam

AbstractFemales exhibit lower levels of physical exercise performance than males. It seems that gender factor motivates people differently, in performing regular exercise. Our objective was to determine the relationship between 21 motivating reasons for performing physical exercise and genders. We found that males showed significantly higher means score in two motivating reasons; to have a positive effect on the sex life (4.18±1.01, p<0.001) and more energy to go about the daily chores (4.62± .63, p= 0.027). No significant gender difference in the mean score for the other 19 motivating reasons.ConclusionBoth sexes were almost equally motivated in performing physical exercises

Maternal obesity and its relation with the cesarean section: A hospital based cross sectional study in Iraq

BACKGROUND: Obesity during pregnancy is reported in approximately one in five pregnant women worldwide. It increases the risk of pregnancy complications many of which necessitate Cesarean section (CS). This study determines the association between obesity and type of delivery. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 404 pregnant women was carried out at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq. Women with hypertension, diabetes, preterm labor, fetal presentation other than cephalic presentation and multiple gestations were excluded from the study. BMI and past obstetric history were recorded. RESULTS: The overall rate of CS was 38%. The overall mean body mass index (BMI) was 25.0 ± 4.52 Kg/m(2) and it was significantly higher among women who delivered by cesarean section. Significantly high rate of CS was found in primigravida and multigravida women with high BMI. Moreover, all obese multigravid women with history of previous CS were delivered by CS. The rate of CS was higher in women with primary level education when compared to women with secondary or tertiary education. CS was significantly lower in women with a previous history of abortion. CONCLUSION: Obese women with or without a previous history of CS are at a higher risk of having a CS and should therefore be considered as high risk and managed appropriately during pregnancy. Weight management prior to or during pregnancy could help reduce the need for CS

Personal Identification based on Multi Biometric Traits

The biometric system that based on single biometric measure (Unimodal) are usually contained variety of problems and limitation like noisy data, does not provide high security and non-university, so we used the multibiometric system to improve the recognition rate, get better security than the unimodal systems and higher efficiency. This study aims to identify a person by using multibiometric traits (Signature, Face and Fingerprint) by using different technique (Singular Value Decomposition (SVD,PCA and wavelet energy). The quality and accuracy of the identification and recognition of the person are measured in this system by computing the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and the Mean Square Error (MSE) for face, fingerprint, and signatur

Analysis of grape fruits and grape seed for their major , minor and trace elemental contact by XRF technique

Grapes and grape seeds are important samples employed for environmental medical studies . The air of this work was to identify and concentration calculation of the elements in grapes fruit and thier seeds by using X-Ray fluoresces technique (XRF) . Samples were collected from Abo Ghraib of Baghdad city ,the grape seeds were obtained from those samples . Both samples were taken under experimental procedure to obtain the sample which were ready for analysis . The samples were then submitted to experimental conditions using a radiation source and then samples were applied for counting analysis shows the elements Na , Mg , Al , Si , P , S , Cl , K , Ca , and Sr as major components of the samples. Fe , Sr , I , Ba and V were found an minor elements other elements Cr , Cu , Sn , Sb , Te gave a value of 5 – 10 ppm , Co , Ni , Rb , Ag ,Cd < 5 ppm for the samples of grape seeds . The analysis of grape seeds present Sr , Ca , K , Cl , S , Si , P as major components of the samples, and gave a values for Cr and Rb , Sn , Sb and Te (5 – 10 ppm) , while Co , Rb , Ni , Ag ,Cd (Less than 5 ppm)

Review Article :Nosocomial infections: types and prevalence

One of the most problematic health issues nowadays is the prevalence of nosocomial diseases which is one of the most important health problems in the world and till now there are no series solutions. There are several types of nosocomial infection such as; Infections of the bloodstream caused by a central line (CLABSI), Infections of the Urinary Tract Caused by Catheters (CAUTI), Infections at the Site of Surgery (SSI), and Pneumonia linked with Ventilators (VAP). All these types caused by one or more type of biological agent such as bacteria, viruses and fungi. Uncontrolled use of drugs and disregard for health preventative techniques will result in significant health troubles, such as an increase in antibiotic resistance, which the medical community views as a major concern. The most urgent problem facing the medical profession at the moment is the existence of bacteria with genetic traits that allow them to resist antibiotics. It is now necessary to utilize extra antibiotics or a combination of antibiotics to treat many straightforward illnesses that could previously be treated with simple antibiotics. To lessen the harmful repercussions that might arise in the future from failing to pay attention to this problem, several efforts and activities must be done to restrict the spread of nosocomial diseases. Also, should awareness the people to avoid using antibiotics unless absolutely essential. On the other hand, it would be advisable to pass legislation requiring a prescription from a licensed medical expert before any prescriptions may be filled at a pharmacy or drug store

Patterns of Quality Of Life among Older Urban Dwellers with Mobility Disability in Malaysia

Mobility disability affects the quality of life for the older urban population. The objectives of this research paper were to determine the burden of mobility disability and explore influential factors affecting the quality of life of urban community aged 50 and above with mobility disability. Total of 481 participants who were randomly selected from two urban health centres have been interviewed using structured questionnaire in December 2014. The prevalence of mobility disability was 23.1%. All domains quality of life of older urbanites with mobility disability were significantly affected as compared with those without. These factors need to be emphasized in future planning for elderly.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning &amp; Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Mobility disability; urban; elderly; quality of lif