Markers of liver function and inflammatory cytokines modulation by aerobic versus resisted exercise training for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients

Background: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is a growing public health problem with no approved therapy; as cytokines and other pro-inflammatory mediators may each play a role in transition of steatosis to NASH which is projected to be the leading cause of liver transplantation in the United States by 2020.Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the impact of aerobic versus resisted exercise training on inflammatory cytokines and markers of liver function in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.Material and Methods: Fifty patients with NASH were included in the study and divided into two subgroups. Participants were included into 2 equal groups; the first group (A) received aerobic exercise training. The second group (B) received resisted exercise training three times a week for 3 months.Results: The mean values of TNF- α, IL6, IL8, ALT and AST were significantly decreased in group (A) and group (B).Also; there was a significant difference between both groups after treatment.Conclusion: Aerobic exercise training modulates inflammatory cytokine levels and markers of liver function in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.Keywords: Aerobic Exercise; Resisted Exercises; Inflammatory Cytokine; markers of liver function; Non-alcoholicsteatohepatitis

Liver enzymes and psychological well-being response to aerobic exercise training in patients with chronic hepatitis C

Background: Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a medical condition that has broad implications for a person’s physical and psychological health.Objective: The aim of this study was to detect changes in liver enzymes and psychological well-being in response to aerobic exercise training in patients with CHC.Material and Methods: Fifty CHC patients were included in two equal  groups. The first group (A) received aerobic exercise training in addition to their regular medical treatment. The second group (B) received no training and only has their regular medical treatment. The program consisted of three sessions per week for three months.Results: There was a significant decrease in mean values of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate  Aminotransferase (AST), Gamma – Glutamyltransferase (GGT) , Beck  Depression Inventory (BDI ) & Profile of Mood States(POMS) and increase in Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) in group (A) after treatments, but the changes in group (B) were not significant. Also, there were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters in group (A) and group (B) at the end of the study.Conclusion: Aerobic exercise training improves hepatic enzymes and psychological well-being in patients with chronic hepatitis C.Key words: liver enzymes; psychological well-being; aerobic exercise; chronic hepatitis C

Bone metabolism and hand grip strength response to aerobic versus resistance exercise training in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients

Background: Diabetes mellitus has been shown in many studies to be associated with reduced bone mass and an increased risk of fracture. Currently, our understanding of how to use exercise effectively in diabetic patients in prevention of osteoporosis is incomplete and has prompted our interest to identify the type of effective osteogenic exercise.Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the changes in handgrip strength and bone metabolism after 6 months between aerobic and resistance exercise training in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients in Jeddah area.Materials and methods: One hundred non-insulin dependent diabetic male patients participated in this study and were divided into two equal groups; the first group (A) received aerobic exercise training, where the second group (B) received resistance exercise training. The program consisted of three sessions per week for six months.Results: The mean values of serum calcium and Hand grip strength were significantly increased, while the mean values of parathyroid hormone were significantly decreased in both groups .Also, there were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters in group (A) and group (B) after treatment.Conclusion: Aerobic exercise training on treadmill is appropriate to improve markers of bone  metabolism and hand grip strength in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients.Keywords: Aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, bone mineral density, non-insulin dependent diabetes

Impact of weight reduction on insulin resistance, adhesive molecules and adipokines dysregulation among obese type 2 diabetic patients

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is usually related to vascular problems and is associated with impairment in endothelial function characterized by impaired endothelial-dependent vasodilation and increased platelet adhesion. There is limitation in clinical studies that have addressed the beneficial effects of weight reduction in modulating biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and adipokines dysregulation for obesity associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: This study was designed to detect the effects of weight loss on insulin resistance, adhesive molecules and adipokines dysregulation in obese type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: Eighty obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, their age ranged from 35-55 years and their body mass index ranged from 31-37 kg/m2  were equally assigned into 2 groups:  the weight reduction group received aerobic exercises in addition to diet regimen, where the control group received medical treatment only for 12 weeks. Results: There was a 24.04%, 19.33%, 22.78% ,12.28%, 9.35%, 22.53% & 10.12 % reduction in mean values of Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA-IR), Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin, intercellular cell adhesion molecule -1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin & body mass index (BMI) respectively in addition to 26.20% & 24.58% increase in the mean values of adiponectin & the quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) respectively in group (A) at the end of the study. The mean values of leptin, resistin, insulin, HOMA-IR, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin & BMI were significantly decreased in addition to significant increase in the mean values of adiponectin & QUICKI in group (A) those that received aerobic exercise training in addition to diet regimen. While the results of group (B) those that received no treatment intervention were not significant. In addition, there were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters in group (A) and group (B) after treatment (P<0.05).Conclusion: Within the limit of this study, 10% reduction in body mass index modulates insulin resistance, adhesive molecules and adipokines dysregulation among obese type 2 diabetic patients.Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes, obesity, adhesive molecules, adipokines, insulin resistance, weight reduction

Aerobic exercise modulates cytokine profile and sleep quality in elderly

Background: Sleep disturbance is a major problem for older adults which can be exacerbated by increased inflammation as aging is associated with increased circulating pro-inflammatory and lower anti-inflammatory cytokines. There is a need to develop alternative medicine techniques to help improve sleep quality in the elderly.Objective: To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise training on the sleep quality and inflammatory cytokines in elderly subjects.Material and methods: Forty previously sedentary elderly subjects participated in this study, their age ranged from 61- 67 years. All subjects were randomly assigned to supervised aerobic exercise intervention group (group A, n=25) or control group (group B, n=25). Polysomnographic recordings for sleep quality assessment, interleukin- 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured before and after 6 months at the end of the study.Results: There was a significant increase in total sleep duration, sleep efficiency and sleep onset latency in group(A) after 6 months of aerobic exercise training, while, wake time after sleep onset and rapid eye movement (REM) latency significantly reduced after 6 months of aerobic training compared with values obtained prior to aerobic exercise training. Also, the mean values of TNF- α and IL-6 decreased significantly and the mean value of IL-10 significantly increased in group (A) after the aerobic exercise training, however the results of the control group were not significant. Moreover, there were significant differences between both groups at the end of the study.Conclusion: Exercise training can be considered as a non-pharmacological modality for modifying sleep quality and inflammation among elderly.Keywords: Sleep quality, inflammatory cytokines, aerobic exercise, aging

Impact of weight reduction on selected immune system response among Hepatitis C virus Saudi patients

Background: Recently, about 2.35% of the world populations are estimated to be chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Previous cohort studies indicated that obesity increases risk of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in non-diabetic patients with chronic hepatitis C infection due to diminished response to anti-viral therapy and as a result obesity is considered as an important factor in the progression of chronic HCV. However, there is a strong association between BMI and the human immune system among HCV patients.Objective: This study aimed to examine effects of weight reduction program on selected immune parameters among HCV Saudi patients. Material and methods: One-hundred obese Saudi patients with chronic HCV infection participated in this study, their age ranged from 50- 58 years and their body mass index (BMI) ranged from 30-35 kg/m2. All Subjects were included in two groups: The first group received weight reduction program in the form of treadmill aerobic exercises in addition to diet control whereas, the second group received no therapeutic intervention. Parameters of CD3, CD4 and CD8 were quantified; Leukocyte, differential counts and BMI were measured before and after 3 months, at the end of the study. Results: The mean values of BMI, white blood cells, total neutrophil count, monocytes, CD3, CD4 and CD8 were significantly decreased in the training group as a result of weight loss program; however the results of the control group were not significant. Also, there were significant differences between both groups at the end of the study.Conclusion: Weight loss modulates immune system parameters of patients with HCV.Keywords: Hepatitis C virus, obesity, immune system, weight reduction

Impact of Mild versus Moderate Intensity Aerobic Walking Exercise Training on Markers of Bone Metabolism and Hand Grip Strength in Moderate Hemophilic A Patients

Background: Patients with hemophilia A have low bone density than healthy controls. It is now widely recognized that physical activity and sports are beneficial for patients with hemophilia. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of mild and moderate intensity treadmill walking exercises on markers of bone metabolism and hand grip strength in male patients with moderate hemophilia A. Material and Methods: Fifty male patients with moderate hemophilia, their age ranged from 25 to 45 years. The subjects were randomly assigned into 2 equal groups; the first group (A) received moderate intensity aerobic exercise training. The second group (B) received mild intensity aerobic exercise training. Results: There was a 32.1% and 24.8% increase in mean values of Serum Calcium and Hand grip strength respectively and 22.7 % reduction in mean values of parathyroid hormone in moderate exercise training group (A). While, There was a 15.1 % and 15 % increase in mean values of Serum Calcium and Hand grip strength respectively and 10.3 % reduction in mean values of parathyroid hormone in mild exercise training group(B). The mean values of Serum Calcium and Hand grip strength were significantly increased, while the mean values of parathyroid hormone were significantly decreased in both groups .Also, there were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters in group (A) and group (B) after treatment. Conclusion: Moderate intensity aerobic exercise training on treadmill is appropriate to improve markers of bone metabolism and hand grip strength in male patients with hemophilia A.Keywords: Aerobic exercise, Markers of Bone Metabolism, Hand Grip Strength, HemophiliaAfrican Health sciences Vol 14 No. 1 March 201

Aerobic exercises alleviate symptoms of fatigue related to inflammatory cytokines in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Non-insulin dependent diabetic patients frequently suffer from fatigue symptoms that result from chronic systemic inflammation. Aerobic exercise was proved to modulate systemic inflammation.Objective: This study was an attempt to measure the impact of aerobic exercises on fatigue symptoms related to systemic inflammation in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods: Eighty obese patients with type 2 diabetes participated in the present study, their age ranged from 40- 58 years and their BMI ranged from 31-36 kg/m2 and were assigned to two subgroups; group (A) received aerobic exercise training for 12 weeks and group (B) received no exercise training for 3 months. Measurements of fatigue symptoms and markers of systemic inflammation were assessed before and at the end of the study for all participants in both groups.Results: The mean values of inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF-α) and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) was significantly decreased in group (A), while changes were not significant in group (B). Moreover, there were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters in group (A) and group (B) at the end of the study.Conclusion: Treadmill walking exercise training is an effective treatment policy to improve symptoms of fatigue related to inflammatory cytokines in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.Keywords: Aerobic exercise, inflammatory cytokines, obesity, Type 2 diabetes, fatigue syndrome

Biochemical parameters response to weight loss in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Background: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic liver disease that is capable of progressing to end-stage liver disease, but generally has a benign course. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a growing public health problem with no approved therapy. NASH projected to be the leading cause of liver transplantation in the United States by 2020. Obesity, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia are the most common associations of the disease. Global prevalence of NASH is 10-24% amongst general population but increases to 25–75% in obese diabetic individuals.Objective: There is an urgent need for efficient therapeutic options as there is still no approved medication. The aim of this study was to detect changes in biochemical parameters including insulin resistance, cytokines, blood lipid profile and liver enzymes following weight loss in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.Materials and methods: One hundred obese patients with NASH, their age between 35-50 years, body mass index (BMI) from 30 to 35 Kg/m2 were included in the study in two subgroups; the first group (A) received moderate aerobic exercise training in addition to diet regimen , where the second group (B) received no treatment intervention.Results: The mean values of leptin, TNF-α, IL6, IL8, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance- index (HOMA-IR), Total Cholesterol (TC), Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-c) , Triglycerides (TG) and BMI were significantly decreased in group (A), where the mean value of Adiponectin and High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-c) were significantly increased, while there were no significant changes in group (B). Also, there was a significant difference between both groups at the end of the study.Conclusion: Weight loss modulates insulin resistance, adiponectin, leptin, inflammatory cytokine levels and markers of hepatic function in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.Keywords: Weight loss, insulin resistance, cytokines, liver enzymes, nonalcoholic steatohepatiti

Psychological wellbeing and biochemical modulation in response to weight loss in obese type 2 diabetes patients

Background: Obesity in type 2 diabetes patients is a serious health issue by itself; it is also associated with other health problems including psychiatric illnesses. The psychological effects of dieting and weight loss have been a matter of controversy in the field of obesity management. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the impact of weight loss because of aerobic exercise training and dietary measures on psychological wellbeing and biochemical modulation in obese type 2 diabetes patients. Material and Methods: One hundred obese type 2 diabetes patients of both sexes participated in this study, and were included into two equal groups. The first group (A) received aerobic exercise training, three sessions per week for three months combined with dietary measures. The second group (B) received no training intervention for three months. Results: There was a significant decrease in body mass index (BMI), leptin, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), triglycerides(TG), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance- index (HOMA-IR) , beck depression inventory (BDI ) & profile of mood states(POMS) and increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) & Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES) of group (A) after treatments, but the changes of group (B) were not significant. Moreover, there were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters of group (B) and group (A) at the end of the study. Conclusion: Physical training and dietary measures can be used as methods of choice for psychological wellbeing and biochemical modulation in obese type 2 diabetes patients