3 research outputs found
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Planning and Operation of Low Voltage Distribution Networks: A Comprehensive Review
YesThe low voltage (LV) distribution network is the last stage of the power network, which is connected directly to the end user customers and supplies many dispersed small-scale loads. In order to achieve environmental targets and to address the energy shortage issue, governments worldwide increase the renewable energy sources (RES) into the electricity grid. In addition, different types of low carbon technologies (LCTs) such as electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming widely used. A significant portion of RES and LCTs is penetrated into the LV distribution network, which poses a wide range of challenges. In order to address these challenges, there is a persistent need to develop traditional planning and operation frameworks to cope with these new technologies. In this context, this paper provides a comprehensive review about planning, operation, and management of LV distribution networks. The characteristics, types, and topologies of LV distribution networks plus different aspects of operation and planning are investigated. An insightful investigation of the reasons impacts and mitigation of voltage and current unbalanced in LV networks is provided. Moreover, the main three-phase power flow techniques used to analyze the LV networks are analyzed
Active Distribution Networks Planning Considering Multi-DG Configurations and Contingency Analysis
YesThis paper proposes a novel method for planning active distribution networks (ADNs) with the integration of an active network management (ANM) scheme using coordinated voltage control (CVC) through on-load tap changer (OLTC) transformers. The method was formulated as a security-constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF) problem to minimize total operational costs, which maximizes the utilization of renewable distributed generators (DGs) over a planning horizon. The ANM scheme was applied using OLTC to ensure safe operation and reduce voltage violations in the network. To analyse the impact of ANM, the planning problem was examined both with and without the ANM scheme. Moreover, SCOPF, considering the N-1 line contingency analysis and multi-DG configuration, was implemented to analyse the feasibility of the proposed method and the advantages of ANM under contingency situations. The method was validated on a weakly-meshed 16-bus UK generic distribution system (UKGDS). The results showed that ANM can lower operational costs and maintain network voltage for operation in feasible conditions even in the case of a contingency. Moreover, the ANM scheme mitigated the voltage rise effect caused by DGs and maximized their utilization
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Challenges with Providing Reliability Assurance for Self-Adaptive Cyber-Physical Systems
NoSelf-adaptive systems are evolving systems that can
adjust their behaviour to accommodate dynamic requirements
or to better serve the goal. These systems can vary in their
architecture, operation, or adaptive strategies based on the
application. Moreover, the evaluation can happen in different
ways depending on system architecture and its requirements.
Self-adaptive systems can be prone to situations like adaptation
faults, inconsistencies in context or low performance on tasks due
to their dynamism and complexity. That is why it is important to
have reliability assurance of the system to monitor such situations
which can compromise the system functionality. In this paper, we
provide a brief background on different types of self-adaptive
systems and various ways a system can evolve. We discuss the
different mechanisms that have been applied in the last two
decades for reliability evaluation of such systems and identify
challenges and limitations as research opportunities related to
the self-adaptive system’s reliability evaluation.This research was undertaken as a part of the “Model-based Reliability Evaluation for Autonomous Systems with Evolving Architectures” project funded by the University of Bradford under the SURE Grant scheme