Synthesis of a Flavone Based Fluorescent Probe Bearing a Nitroolefin Moiety for Selective Detection of Cysteine

 In this paper, we report the synthesis, characterization and investigation of the optical properties of a new fluorescent probe, 4ʹ-nitroolefinylflavone (4ʹ-NOF) 1, based on a flavone skeleton and bearing a nitroolefin moiety. Upon the addition of cysteine, a remarkable fluorescence enhancement (200 fold) was observed for probe 1 accompanied with a slight blue shift from 457 nm to 459 nm.  The prepared probe displays high selectivity and sensitivity towards cysteine over other amino acids. The Michael addition of cysteine to probe 1 was confirmed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The detection limit of probe 1 towards cysteine was found to be 1.63 μΜ, a lower concentration than the normal human cysteine level, 30-200 μΜ.

ICT Effects and Challenges Faced by English Language Learners in Education

We investigate the impact of the communication technology including the internet, wireless network, cell phones, and other communication mediums. It is shown that to improve the ways of teaching, teachers can be convinced that ICT should be an integral part of their teaching strategy. There is a thrust in the school sector for different ways of teaching, with the help of technology to improve the teaching-learning standards and various approaches have been applied including the dissemination of good practice and the investment in infrastructure and equipment. The prominent strategies like training programs are designed to raise the skills of teachers and foster a positive attitude to computers among teachers. The challenges include social, economic, cultural, and physiological, lack of technical staff in an educational institutions are discussed in detail

The effects of trauma‐focused treatment on painful temporomandibular disorders, awake bruxism and sleep bruxism in patients with severe post‐traumatic stress disorder

Background: Chronic painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD), awake bruxism and sleep bruxism are often comorbid with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the implications for treatment are unknown. Objective(s): To explore the effects of PTSD treatment on these conditions. We hypothesized that chronic painful TMD, pain intensity, pain interference, awake bruxism and sleep bruxism would decrease after evidence‐based trauma‐focused treatment and that this decrease would be maintained at the 6‐month follow‐up. Methods: Individuals referred for PTSD treatment were assessed for chronic painful TMD (temporomandibular disorder pain screener), pain intensity, pain interference (Graded Chronic Pain Scale 2.0), awake bruxism and sleep bruxism (oral behaviours checklist) pre‐, post‐treatment and at the 6‐month follow‐up. Hypotheses were tested using the Friedman test, followed by a post hoc Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. Effect sizes (Cohen's r) are reported. Barely any pain interference was reported, therefore these outcomes were not analysed. Results: In individuals with chronic painful TMD (n = 98), pain intensity, awake bruxism and sleep bruxism decreased across the three time points. Post hoc tests showed that chronic painful TMD (r = 0.59), pain intensity (r = 0.28), awake bruxism (r = 0.51) and sleep bruxism (r = 0.35) decreased between pre‐ and post‐treatment. Between pre‐treatment and the 6‐month follow‐up, chronic painful TMD (r = 0.58), awake bruxism (r = 0.30) and sleep bruxism (r = 0.39) decreased as well. Conclusion: The results provide preliminary support for a trauma‐sensitive approach for patients with chronic painful TMD and PTSD and suggest that trauma‐focused treatment may be beneficial for chronic painful TMD, awake bruxism and sleep bruxism in patients with PTSD and chronic painful TMD

A New Approach for Solving Fredholm Integro-Differential Equations

In the present article, we extend the optimal auxiliary function method (OAFM) to integro-differential equations. The method has especially contained the auxiliary function and convergence control parameters that accelerate the methods convergence. The numerical results, obtained by the OAFM are listed with those obtained by the ADM, CAS Wavelet method, and ESA method. Further, the obtained results have been compared with the exact solution through different graphs and tables, which shows that the proposed method is very effective and easy to implement for different fractional-order PDEs