PUTUSAN HAKIM YANG IDEAL DALAM TINDAK PIDANA PENELANTARAN RUMAH TANGGA (Studi Putusan Nomor: 943/Pid.B/2015/PN/PLG dan Putusan Nomor:252/Pid.Sus.PN.KAG)

Penelitian ini berjudul Putusan Hakim yang Ideal dalam Tindak Pidana Penelantaran Rumah Tangga (Studi Putusan Nomor: 943/Pid.B/2015/PN/PLG dan Putusan Nomor:252/Pid.Sus.PN.KAG) Tindakan penelantaran rumah tangga yang dilakukan seseorang merupakan perbuatan tercela yang dapat dipidana berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 tentang Penghapusan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, yang menjadi pedoman bagi hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan pidana penelantaran rumah tangga. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka akan dibahas putusan pengadilan ideal dalam kasus tindak pidana penelanataran rumaha tangga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif.Hasil dari penelitian diketahui bahwa hakim dalam putusan nomor:943/Pid.B/2015/Pn.PLG dan putusan nomor 252/Pid.Sus.PN.Kag belum memerhatikan hak-hak yang harus di dapatkan korban serta putusan yang dijatuhkan kepada terdakwa sangat rendah yang tidak akan memberikan efek jerah kepada terdakwa. Hakim juga seharusnya menerapkan ganti rugi atau restitusi sehingga ada pemulihan hak-hak korban. . Dalam penelitian ini Putusan Nomor: 943/Pid.B/2015/PN/PLG dan Putusan Nomor:252/Pid.Sus.PN.KAG belum menceriminkan  keadilan dan adanya efek jera pada putusan hakim

Animal Conceptual Metaphors in Kotowaza: A Cognitive Linguistic Study

The primary objective of this study is to examine the cognitive linguistic perspective of Japanese culture in relation to animal-related kotowaza. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach to analyze 15 kotowaza from the comic book dictionary "Doraemon no Kotowaza Jiten." The objective is to determine the grammatical and idiomatic meanings of these kotowaza, as well as to comprehend the mental metaphor of animals present in them. The research findings suggest that Japanese society employs animal kotowaza as metaphors to convey implicit messages about an individual's character. The kotowaza conveys intricate messages regarding moral principles in everyday life, as well as a profound comprehension of flawed circumstances, through the use of conceptual analogies. Various animal metaphors, including fish, horse, bird, cat, and monkey, are employed to symbolize different facets of existence and human nature.

High-cycle variable amplitude fatigue experiments and design framework for bridge welds with high-frequency mechanical impact treatment

Fatigue enhancement by way of high-frequency mechanical impact (HFMI) treatment can enable effective design and construction of steel bridges. However, bridges may experience high and varying mean stresses, the effects of which are not covered today by any design recommendation or in the literature on HFMI-treated joints. In this study, fatigue experiments were conducted with realistic in-service bridge loading, which revealed the same high fatigue performance as for constant amplitude loading. The effect of mean stress in spectrum loading was quantified and a method to account for it in an equivalent manner is proposed. A design framework has been developed for design and engineering purposes

Mean Stress Effect in High-Frequency Mechanical Impact (HFMI)-Treated Steel Road Bridges

High-frequency mechanical impact (HFMI) is a post-weld treatment method which substantially enhances the fatigue strength of steel weldments. As such, the method enables a more efficient design of bridges, where fatigue is often the governing limit state. Road bridges are typically trafficked by a large variety of lorries which generate load cycles with varying mean stresses and stress ranges. Unlike conventional welded details, the fatigue strength of HFMI-treated welds is known to be dependent on mean stress in addition to the stress range. The possibility of considering the mean stress effect via Eurocode’s fatigue load models (FLM3 and FLM4) was investigated in this paper. Moreover, a design method to take the mean stress effect into account was proposed by the authors in previous work. However, the proposed design method was calibrated using limited traffic measurements in Sweden, and as such, may not be representative of the Swedish or European traffic. In this paper, larger data pools consisting of more than 873,000 and 446,000 lorries from Sweden and the Netherlands, respectively, were used to examine the validity of the previous calibration in both countries. The comparison revealed no significant difference between the data pools with regards to the mean stress effect. Additionally, the previous calibration provided the most conservative mean stress effect and was considered adequately representative for both countries. The proposed design method was further validated using four composite case study bridges. It was also found that the mean stress effect was mainly influenced by the self-weight, while variation in the mean stress due to traffic had a minor influence on the total mean stress effect. Furthermore, it was found that the mean stress effect could not be accurately or conservatively predicted using FLM3 or FLM4

Pollen and seed morphology of rhinacanthus nees and hypoestes Sol. ex R. Br. (Acanthaceae) of Yemen

Pollens and seeds of Hypoestes and Rhinacanthus collected from different field localities in Taiz and Soqotra Island, Yemen were investigated by using light and scanning electron microscopes. Pollen grains of Hypoestes were prolate in equatorial view, lobate trigonal to lobate circular in polar view whereas those of Rhinacanthus were subspheroidal and rounded trigonal in polar view. The aperture was tricolporate and exine ornamentation was coarsely reticulate for all species in the two genera. Scanning electron microscopy and morphological observations showed that mature dry seeds of Hypoestes and Rhinacanthus have various sizes and shapes, the surface ornamentations observed were reticulate to cristate, an addition to the tuberculum and papillae. The three Hypoestes species differ in the seed structure which are useful for identification and their high structural diversity provides an important taxonomic value for species differentiation

Assessment of in-service stresses in steel bridges for high-frequency mechanical impact applications

The application of high-frequency mechanical impact (HFMI) treatment to improve the fatigue performance of composite steel and concrete road bridges was studied through a state-of-the-art review in conjunction with simulations of variable amplitude in-service stresses in four case-study bridges in Sweden. Empirical stress range spectra with associated mean stresses were characterised for HFMI-treated bridges. It was shown that the fatigue-critical locations in HFMI-treated bridges remain unchanged compared with conventional bridges and that compressive overloads pose no detrimental effect that requires additional attention in the fatigue assessment. Calculations also showed a considerably better fatigue performance if HFMI treatment is performed on-site, after the application of self-weight stresses

Mean stress effect in high-frequency mechanical impact (HFMI)-treated welded steel railway bridges

The need for new railway bridges is driven by the growing volume of transportation demands for both passenger and freight traffic on railway networks. In the design of these bridges, the fatigue limit state is a criterion that usually limits the allowable applied load level and thus also the utilization of the high strength of the steel material. Therefore, improving the fatigue performance of welded details by high-frequency mechanical impact (HFMI) treatment leads to a more efficient design. However, the fatigue performance of HFMI-treated welds is known to be affected by the mean stress and this needs to be considered in the design of treated welded details in steel bridges. This is rather straightforward if the bridge is subjected to cycles from one type of train but becomes cumbersome when several different sets of trains (e. g. axle loads, axle distances) cross the bridge. In this article, a factor to take the mean stress effect (including self-weight and traffic load variations) into account is derived from traffic data measured in Sweden. Moreover, the mean stress effect is also predicted using the different fatigue load models in the Eurocode. These models either consist of one-load patterns such as LM71, SW/0, and SW/2 or are composed of different trains with different combinations. It was found that the mean stress effect is underestimated by the first group of models. On the other hand, the mean stress predicted by the light traffic mix is found to be close to that calculated using real traffic data, while other mixes (standard and heavy) underestimate the mean stress effect. Therefore, a correction factor to account for the mean stress effects in real traffic is derived (called here λHFMI). This factor can be used to correct the design stress range for fatigue verification of HFMI-treated welded details in railway bridges

Petrophysical properties of Cretaceous clastic rocks (Qishn Formation) in the Sharyoof oilfield, onshore Masila Basin, Yemen

AbstractThe subsurface of Qishn clastic rocks, which are exposed in the Sharyoof oilfield, has been studied. The petrophysical properties, i.e., porosity and permeability of Qishn clastic reservoir rocks were investigated using well logging coupled with core data. The results were used to evaluate the reservoir quality and hydrocarbon occurrence potential. The lithology of the Qishn clastic was computed from well logs, which indicate that the lithofacies of the Qishn clastic at Sharyoof oilfield is mainly composed of sandstone and carbonates with a low amount of shale intercalations.Generally, the Qishn clastic reservoir rocks have good reservoir quality with porosity values, averaging ∼19.0%. These porosity values are mainly intergranular primary and secondary porosity. Permeability is likewise variable with values in the range of 0.001–7270mD and an average of 413mD. This is conformed from core porosity and permeability results. However, the relatively high values of effective porosity and permeability are due to lower shale contents in the Qishn clastic rocks. The Qishn clastic reservoir rocks have been differentiated into net-pay and non-pay zones according to the cutoff (i.e., effective porosity ⩾10%, shale volume ⩽30% and water saturation ⩽50%). The Qishn clastic reservoir rocks have high hydrocarbon saturation exceeding 70%, with relatively high movable oil, indicating that the production is mainly oils. Therefore, the Early Cretaceous Qishn Formation acts as a hydrocarbon reservoir in the Sharyoof oilfield, Masila Basin, eastern Yemen.Reservoir property distributions of the Qishn clastic rocks such as net-pay thickness, porosity, permeability and hydrocarbon potential indicate that the best prospective region for oil accumulation is located in the central part of the study area. Therefore, the Qishn clastic rocks in the central part of the study area have promising reservoir characteristics and hydrocarbon occurrence potential, which should be taken into consideration during future development of the Sharyoof oilfield