74 research outputs found
Malaysia attempts in reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and sequestration in bio-concrete system; a future direction
In Malaysia, upbringing the production of mussel is one of the most second important aquaculture The greenhouse gasses increase in this century especially carbon dioxide (CO2) compare to the previous centuries due to the increase of anthropogenic activities in all countries around the world [1][2][3]. The high concentration CO2 in the atmospheric cause a catastrophic environmental issues such as; global warming, change in rainfall, rise of sea level and climatic changes.
Wavelets operational methods for fractional differential equations and systems of fractional differential equations
In this thesis, new and effective operational methods based on polynomials and
wavelets for the solutions of FDEs and systems of FDEs are developed. In particular
we study one of the important polynomial that belongs to the Appell family of
polynomials, namely, Genocchi polynomial. This polynomial has certain great
advantages based on which an effective and simple operational matrix of derivative
was first derived and applied together with collocation method to solve some singular
second order differential equations of Emden-Fowler type, a class of generalized
Pantograph equations and Delay differential systems. A new operational matrix of
fractional order derivative and integration based on this polynomial was also
developed and used together with collocation method to solve FDEs, systems of
FDEs and fractional order delay differential equations. Error bound for some of the
considered problems is also shown and proved. Further, a wavelet bases based on
Genocchi polynomials is also constructed, its operational matrix of fractional order
derivative is derived and used for the solutions of FDEs and systems of FDEs. A
novel approach for obtaining operational matrices of fractional derivative based on
Legendre and Chebyshev wavelets is developed, where, the wavelets are first
transformed into corresponding shifted polynomials and the transformation matrices
are formed and used together with the polynomials operational matrices of fractional
derivatives to obtain the wavelets operational matrix. These new operational matrices
are used together with spectral Tau and collocation methods to solve FDEs and
systems of FDEs
Removal of heavy metals from textile wastewater using sugarcane bagasse activated carbon
Excessive release of textile wastewater with heavy metals into environment has posed a great problem to the natural water system. The efficiency of the adsorption process to remove heavy metals depend on the adsorbent. The commercial activated carbon is one of the most efficient adsorbent, but the limitation lies in the high cost. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the efficiency of sugarcane bagasse activated carbon modified by phosphoric acid as adsorbent for the removal of zinc (Zn) and Ferum (Fe) from the textile wastewater. The adsorption process was conducted using batch method as a function for pH (2-7), contact time (30 min to 24 h) and adsorbent dosage (0.6 to 6g). The final concentrations of the metal ions were determined by ICP-MS. The results revealed that the adsorption efficiency increased with the contact time, the optimum time was recorded after 2 h. The removal percentage of Zn and Fe associated with the adsorbent dosage due to the greater surface area with optimum value of 4.0 g. The increasing of pH from 2 to 6 correlated with high adsorption efficiency, with the optimum condition at pH 5. The maximum percentage removal of Fe, Zn was 80%. These findings indicated that the SBAC is an attractive alternative adsorbent material for the metal ions removal in textile wastewater
Isolation and characterisation of microorganisms contaminating herbal infusion sold in Minna, Nigeria
The microbiological assessment of ten herbal infusion samples from ten different locations in Minna, Niger State was investigated. The assessment of the microbial contamination on the herbal products was carried out, using standard methods. Pour plate method was used to cultivate serially diluted portions of the medicinal plant infusion samples. The results revealed that all the herbal preparations had the presence of microbial contaminants. The total heterotrophic counts of the different herbal samples ranged from 0 cfu/mL to 25.0 × 108cfu/mL while the total fungal counts ranged from 3.0×106cfu/mL to 3.5×108cfu/mL. The total viable bacteria counts showed that the highest counts of 25.0 × 108cfu/mL was recorded in the sample from Bosso and the least counts of 0 cfu/mL from Kasuwan-Gwari while the total fungal counts showed that the highest count of 3.5×108cfu/mL was found in the sample obtained from FUT campus and the least counts of 3.0×106cfu/mL in the sample from Mai-Kunkele. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) in the microbial load of the herbal infusions from each location. The microbial isolates identified were E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella sp, Klebsiella sp, Pseudomonas sp, Micrococcus sp, Salmonella sp, Aspergillus sp, Penicillium sp and Saccharomyces cerevisaie. Members of the genus Aspergillus were found to be predominant. This suggests that the herbal infusion harbors microorganisms that could be hazardous to human health and hence producers should maintain the highest possible level of hygiene during the processing and packaging of the products in order to ensure safety of the products
A systematic review on bio-sequestration of carbon dioxide in bio-concrete systems: a future direction
The paper reviewed the current perspectives on the development of carbon diox�ide (CO2) sequestration through its process conversion into calcite. The process
occurs in either geological or biological systems. However, geological sequestration
is an expensive process, which is slow in comparison to bio-sequestration.
Recently, the bio-sequestration of atmospheric CO2 into the soil using microorgan�isms such as algae has been investigated. However, the algae cannot be used in
the bio-concrete due to their nature as phototrophic organisms. In contrast, bac�teria are the most potent organisms in bio-concrete technology. The use of bacter�ial species in the bio-aerated concrete bricks (B-ACB) and its potential to bio�sequestrate CO2 represents a future strategy to reduce high CO2 pollution.
Bacterial cells can capture CO2 by accelerating the carbonation processes, which
convert CO2 into calcium carbonate (CaCO3) via carbon anhydrase and urease
enzymes. The present paper aimed to highlight and discuss the applicability of
bacteria in the B-ACB for capturing and storing CO2. It is evident from the literature
that the new trends to use bio-concrete might contribute to the reduction of CO2
by accelerating the carbonation process and strengthening the B-ACB
Removal of nutrients and organic pollutants from household greywater by phycoremediation for safe disposal
The present study aimed to investigate the potential for application of phycoremediation system using Botryococcus sp. for the treatment of bathroom greywater at village houses. The greywater samples were obtained from four houses. The treatment system was conducted at ambient temperature for 21 days. Botryococcus sp. (Ac-cession No. JQ585723.1) was inoculated into the greywater in a dry mass (0.3 mg L-1). The results revealed high effectiveness of the treatment system. The maximum reduction of biological oxygen demand (BOD5) from four types of greywater ranged from 85.3 to 98%, while was between 71.22 and 85.47% for chemical oxygen demand (COD) after 21 days. The reduction of nitrate (NO3-) appeared rapidly within 18 days of the treatment period with 98% of the reduction efficiency. Reduction of ammonia (NH3) and orthophosphate (PO43-) was recorded after 21 days with the efficiency ranged from 86.21 to 99 and 39.12 to 99.3%, respectively. The high removal per-centage of potassium (K) (97%) recorded within 3 days, while calcium (Ca) reduction (95%) was noted at the end of the treatment period indicating the high applicability of phycoremediation system to be used in the village houses. Moreover, the system is easily implementable, very low cost where no energy is required, eco-friendly and has no toxic by-products
Morphological characteristics of black aspergilli isolated from clinical wastes
The present study aimed to recognize the microscopic characteristics of black aspergilli species which exhibit similar
characteristics on culture media. Forty eight black aspergilli isolates were obtained from clinical wastes and purified using single
spore technique on six different culture media. The ultrastructure of fungal conidiophore and spores was detected by using
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The fungal isolates were identified within five species included A. niger, A. tubingensis,
Aspergillus section Nigri, A. violaceofuscus, A. neoniger. Besides, two isolates identified as Aspergillus sp. strain no. 39,
Aspergillus sp. strain no. 53 appear as new strains based on the structure of conidiophore and spores. The fungi species have
similar culture characteristics. However, SEM observation demonstrated that they have quite different conidiophore and spores
morphology. The study revealed that the microstructure of the fungal spores and conidiophores plays an important role in the
identification of fungi species based on the phenotypic method
Reduction of bacteria in storage system of sewage effluents
The present work is aimed to investigate the linear regression model of total coliform (TC), faecal coli-form (FC) and enterococci (ENT) responses in the storage system of sewage effluents at different temperatures (room temperature 25 ± 2 °C, 55 and 65 °C). Five litres (v/v) of sewage effluent samples was stored at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C) for 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. In order to investigate the response of bacteria to the storage system at thermal conditions, the sewage samples were stored at the tempera-tures of 55 and 65 °C in a water bath shaker for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110 and 120 min, respectively. The results indicated that the storage system at room tem-perature significantly (p < 0.01) effected the reduction of TC (33%), FC (36.6%) and ENT (47.8%). Moreover, sew-age effluent met WHO guidelines after two weeks of stor-age period at room temperature. The storage system at 55 and 65 °C had more significant influence (p < 0.01) on TC, FC and ENT. The reductions for TC, FC and ENT were 49.6 versus 64, 47.7 versus 83.2% and 47.4 versus 57.3%, respectively. ENT (Gram-positive bacteria) exhibited more resistance to the storage system at 65 °C than TC and FC (both are Gram-negative bacteria). This might be due to the differences in the cell wall structure. It can be concluded that the storage system of sewage effluents has a significant potential for the reduction of indicator bacteria
CFD Simulation Analysis of Non-Premixed Combustion using a Novel AxialRadial Combined Swirler for Emission Reduction Enhancement
Combustion industries for many decades dealing with the issues in reducing the emissions without affecting the performance of combustion. The present study aims
to investigate the performance of swirler mechanism which combining between both axial and radial types to reduce emissions and increase the mixing process via the nonpremixed method. Each of axial and radial swirler consisted with 8 blades vane. Swirl angle for radial swirler is 35° and inclination angle for axial swirler is 15°. The swirler is
designed using Solidworks software package and CFD analysis was then performed using ANSYS Fluent software package. The fuel used is liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
gas which contained 30% propane and 70% butane. The turbulence model standard kepsilon was used in this study. The result found that the combined swirler was capable
to reduce CO emission as the complete reaction into CO2 component was higher. This is due to the broader region of temperature and higher velocity magnitude produced
by the combined swirler. However, the maximum temperature result for axial swirler was higher than the combined swirler. As a recommendation, the inclination blade angle in the axial swirler of the combined swirler should be increased to increase the temperature value
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