In Malaysia, upbringing the production of mussel is one of the most second important aquaculture The greenhouse gasses increase in this century especially carbon dioxide (CO2) compare to the previous centuries due to the increase of anthropogenic activities in all countries around the world [1][2][3].  The high concentration CO2 in the atmospheric cause a catastrophic environmental issues such as; global warming, change in rainfall, rise of sea level and climatic changes.

Al-Gheethi, AA

Alshalif, A Faisal

Irwan, JM

Othman, N.

English

UTHM Institutional Repository

                                                                                      1 Abstract— Traditional style of managing class attendance in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) by using handwritten signatures cannot avoid attendance sheet, spurious attendance and tends to be very time consuming for large classes. The paper presents the development of attendance system based on fingerprint identification. This system provides an efficient way for administrators and lecturers to manage and track student class attendance. To develop the system, the author uses Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 for Graphical User Interface (GUI) design, Microsoft Access for database management system and Dreamweaver for online networking system.     Keywords: attendance, fingerprint, template, match, database I. INTRODUCTION IOMETRIC recognition refers to the use of distinctive anatomical (e.g., fingerprints, face, iris) and behavioral (e.g., speech) characteristics, called biometric identifiers, or traits for automatically recognizing individuals. Fingerprints are fully formed at about 7 month of fetus development [1]. Finger ridge configurations do not change throughout the life of an individual except due to accidents such as bruises and cuts on the fingertips.  Fingerprint recognition systems have been deployed in a wide variety of application domains, ranging from forensics to mobile phones. Fingerprint is becoming an essential component of effective person identification solution because fingerprint identifiers cannot be shared or misplaced and it intrinsically represents individual’s bodily identity. A biometric fingerprint system may be called either a verification system or an identification system, depending on the application context:  1. A verification system authenticates a person’s identity by comparing the captured fingerprint characteristic with her previously captured (enrolled) fingerprint reference template pre-stored in the system. It conducts one-to-one comparison to confirm whether the claim of identity by the individual is true. A verification system either rejects or accepts the submitted claim of identity.  2. An identification system recognizes an individual by searching the entire enrollment template database for a   match. It conducts one-to-many comparisons to establish if the individual is present in the database and if so, returns the identifier of the enrollment reference that matched. In an identification system, the system establishes the subject’s identity without the subject having to claim an identity.  II. SYSTEM DESIGN  The overview of system architecture is illustrated in Figure 1. During a particular lecture session, students will scan their fingerprints on the scanner every time they enter or leave the classroom. After verification and identification processes, if a student fingerprint template exists in the database, his or her attendance status for that corresponding class will be updated.  The administrator and lecturers have the authority to access and update students’ details in the database. The system can be accessed via the Internet thus more flexible in managing student attendance from various places.                                                                                                           Figure 1 : System architecture   Development of Attendance System using Biometric Fingerprint Identification  Norshidah Katiran, Helmy Abdul Wahab, and Jamal Rasyid Abdul Rahman B     Proceedings of EnCon2010                                                                         3rd  Engineering Conference on Advancement in Mechanical and Manufacturing for Sustainable  Environment April 14-16, 2010, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       2 Several approaches have been identified and selected during the development of this work. The overall system implementation and development is depicted in Figure 2.                        Figure 2 :  Overview of system development   III. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION  A. Student Registration    The database which was designed in Microsoft Access stores the information of each student registered for a particular course or class. The fingerprint image of each student is stored as fingerprint template in the database and will be used during the verification process. Some snapshots of the registration process are provided in Figure 3.    (a)   (b)    (c)    (d)  Figure 3 :  Some snapshots taken during registration process   B. System Login  Visual Basic is used to create the graphical user interface between users and database. Figure 4 shows the main menu display for the attendance system. ATTENDANCE SYSTEM HARDWARE SOFTWARE FINGERPRINT SCANNER MICROSOFT ACCESS INTEGRATE VISUAL BASIC DREAMWEAVER                                                                                       3  Figure 4 : Main menu display for the attendance system  There are three modes of operation to choose from which are Administrator, Lecturer and Student as shown in Figure 5. Administrator mode is used by staff at the administration office who will take the responsibility to manage student registration process for all courses. Administrator is also given authority to access to the database directly during add and drop period which is normally happen in the middle of each semester.     Figure 5 : Three modes of operation;  Administrator, Lecturer and Student  Lecturers and instructors may login to Lecturer mode which allows them to check and track student attendance instantly during lecture sessions. Besides that, lecturer can easily spot students who are late for lecture as the system will display the time when student scan their fingerprints for verification process.   As for the students, they must login to Student mode which requires them to scan their fingerprint before the system performs the verification process.   C. Verification Process  When a student puts a finger on the sensor in order to be verified or identified, a verification template is created. The fingerprint matching process uses a proprietary algorithm to calculate the probability that a verification template and a registration template come from the same finger. If the verification process is successful, student attendance status for that corresponding class will be updated as ‘PRESENT’, otherwise their status is considered as ‘ABSENT’. Figure 6 shows some snapshots on student verification process.    (a)    (b)    (c)    (d)  Figure 6 : Some snapshots of the verification process  D. Online System  The web based application was implemented, thus                                                                                       4provides ease and flexibility in monitoring student attendance using online networking (e.g : wireless or Local Area Network). The web server registers student information and monitors the student attendance list. Figure 7 shows some snapshots of the online networking system which was designed in Macromedia Dreamweaver environment.    (a)    (b)    (c)  Figure 7 : Some snapshots of the online networking system   IV. CONCLUSION This paper presents the development of class attendance system in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) based on fingerprint technology. As for future expansion, the application of the system can be accomplished with payment management system to collect the university account transactions at the university point of sale terminals such as restaurants, library, recreation center and medical center.  ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would like to express gratitude to Centre of Research and Innovation Management UTHM under Short Term Grant. REFERENCES [1] Maltoni, D. Maio, D. Jain, A.K. Prabhakar, S.  (2009). “Handbook of Fingerprint Recognition”. London: Springer-Verlag. [2] Katiran, Norshidah; Ismail, Nurul Huda: Abdul Rahman, Tasiransurini. (2010). Attendance System Using Biometric Fingerprint Identification. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Arts, Social Sciences and Technology, 2010. 24-26 February 2010. Penang, Malaysia, pp. [3] Timothy, J. O. and Linda, J. O. (2004). “Microsoft Office Access 2003 Introductory Edition”. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. [4] B. Diamond, Scott.Spaulding, Brent. (2008).”Microsoft Office Access 2008 VBA”. Indiana: Que Publishing. [5] B. Shelly, Gary; Thomas J. Cashman, Dolores J. Wells and Steven M. Freund (2007).”Macromedia Dreamweaver 8: Comprehensive Concepts and Techniques”. Boston: Thomson Course Technology.    

Malaysia attempts in reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and sequestration in bio-concrete system; a future direction

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