A contribution to the deterministic modelling of circadian rhythms in cell proliferation activity

This paper presents a deterministic continuous model of proliferative cell activity. The classical series of connected compartments is revisited along with a simple mathematical treatment of two hypotheses: constant transit times and harmonic Ts. Several examples are presented to support these ideas, both taken from previous literature and recent experiences with the fish Carassius auratus, developed at the Junta de Energía Nuclear, Madrid, Spain

Barriers to effective control of type 2 diabetes in outpatient clinics in Mosul: A case control study

Background: Diabetes disease is a heterogeneous disorder with distinct genetic, etiological, immunological, and pathophysiological mechanisms that result in glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia.  Barriers to effective diabetes controls are extending and interrelating with one another. Determining these hurdles is critical in enabling patients to improve their diabetes control and long-term problems. Aim: To assess barriers to effective control of type-2 diabetes in outpatient clinics in Mosul city. Patient and method: a case-control study, was done on 200 diabetic patients, 100 with uncontrolled diabetes ad 100 with controlled, who were attending Al-Wafa center for diabetes and endocrinology, and 4 other health centers in Mosul for the period between the 1st of February till the 31st of July 2019.  Barriers include communication barriers, personal, self-management, and care barriers. Oral and written consent was taken from each participant.  Data was filled by the investigator through direct interviews with the patient or relative. Results: study showed that  frequency of all barriers domains was high in patients having uncontrolled diabetes and the difference was statistically significant (OR=6.93, 95% CI= 3.50-13.68, p-value=0.0001) in communication barriers and (OR=3.46, 95% CI= 1.94-6.17, p-value=0.0001) in personal barriers (OR=1.84, 95% CI= 1.05-3.23, p=0.033), (OR=1.94, 95% CI= 1.10- 3.43, p=0.022) in self-management barriers and care barriers, respectively. Conclusion: frequency of all domains was higher in patients having uncontrolled diabetes and the highest impact on the control of diabetes mellitus type 2 from the communication barriers.Antecedentes: la diabetes es una alteración metabólica heterogéneo por distintos mecanismos genéticos, etiológicos, inmunológicos y fisiopatológicos que dan como resultado intolerancia a la glucosa e hiperglucemia. Las barreras para el control efectivo de la diabetes se están extendiendo y se interrelacionan entre sí. Determinar estos obstáculos es fundamental para permitir que los pacientes mejoren su control de la diabetes y sus problemas a largo plazo. Objetivo: evaluar las barreras para el control efectivo de la diabetes tipo 2 en las clínicas ambulatorias de la ciudad de Mosul. Paciente y método: estudio de casos y controles realizado en 200 pacientes diabéticos, 100 con diabetes no controlada y 100 con control, que asistían al centro de diabetes y endocrinología Al-Wafa, y otros 4 centros de salud en Mosul para el período comprendido entre el 1 de febrero hasta el 31 de julio de 2019. Las barreras incluyen barreras de comunicación, personales, de autogestión y de cuidado. Se tomaron los consentimientos orales y escritos de cada participante. Los datos fueron llenados por el investigador a través de entrevista directa con el paciente o familiar. Resultados: el estudio mostró que la frecuencia de todos los dominios de las barreras fue alta en pacientes con diabetes no controlada y la diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa (OR=6,93, IC del 95%= 3,50-13,68, valor de p=0,0001) en las barreras de comunicación y (OR=3,46, 95% IC= 1,94-6.17, p-value=0,0001) en barreras personales (OR=1,84, 95% IC= 1,05-3,23, p=0,033), (OR=1,94, 95% IC= 1,10-3,43, p=0.022) en barreras de autogestión y barreras de cuidado, respectivamente. Conclusión: la frecuencia de todos los dominios fue mayor en pacientes con diabetes no controlada y el mayor impacto en el control de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de las barreras de comunicación

Effect of Injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) on new bone formation in surgical expansion with mini-screw assisted rapid palatal expander: A dog model study

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study is to test whether the local injection of i-PRF may affect osteoblast, blood vessels and new bone formation in surgically expanded mid palatal suture using maxillary skeletal expander. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen adult male local breed dogs were divided randomly into three groups: group I (control), includes the expansion with maxillary skeletal expander that was done without corticotomy and i-PRF. Group II, involves the expansion that was done with mid palatal corticotomy but without i-PRF injection. Group III, has the expansion that was done with mid palatal corticotomy and has injection with 2 ml of i-PRF. Each group consisted of 6 dogs which were subdivided into 3 dogs. Three dogs were sacrificed after 15 days and the other 3 dogs were sacrificed after 45 days. The number of osteoblast, blood vessels and new bone formation percentage were statistically analyzed using Sigma plot platform. Mean and standard error, ANOVA and Duncan were performed among the different groups. Values of P ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: After expansion, the i-PRF group demonstrated a considerable increase in the amount of new bone in the mid-palatal suture at 15 and 45 days compared with other 2 groups which were indicated by highest percentages of new bone formation (29.30% of 15 days and 76.55% at 45 days) if compared to control group which were (7.72% at 15 days and 22.30% at 45 days). The corticotomy groups were in between, 15.33% and 46.84% respectively. Moreover the number of osteoblasts was higher in corticotomy with i-PRF group on 15 days and decreased on 45 days than the other two groups, while the blood vessels were highest in this group than the other two groups both on 15 and 45 days. CONCLUSION: I-PRF enhanced the production of osteoblast, blood vessels, and new bone in the surgically expanded mid palatal suture