An improved bees algorithm local search mechanism for numerical dataset

Bees Algorithm (BA), a heuristic optimization procedure, represents one of the fundamental search techniques is based on the food foraging activities of bees. This algorithm performs a kind of exploitative neighbourhoods search combined with random explorative search. However, the main issue of BA is that it requires long computational time as well as numerous computational processes to obtain a good solution, especially in more complicated issues. This approach does not guarantee any optimum solutions for the problem mainly because of lack of accuracy. To solve this issue, the local search in the BA is investigated by Simple swap, 2-Opt and 3-Opt were proposed as Massudi methods for Bees Algorithm Feature Selection (BAFS). In this study, the proposed extension methods is 4-Opt as search neighbourhood is presented. This proposal was implemented and comprehensively compares and analyse their performances with respect to accuracy and time. Furthermore, in this study the feature selection algorithm is implemented and tested using most popular dataset from Machine Learning Repository (UCI). The obtained results from experimental work confirmed that the proposed extension of the search neighbourhood including 4-Opt approach has provided better accuracy with suitable time than the Massudi methods

Experimental Study of Variation Local Search Mechanism for Bee Algorithm Feature Selection

The Bees Algorithm (BA) has been applied for finding the best possible subset features of a dataset. However, the main issue of the BA for feature selection is that it requires long computational time. This is due to the nature of BA combination search approach that exploits neighborhoods with random explorative. This situation creates unwanted suboptimum solution(s) leading to the lack of accuracy and longer processing time. A set of different local neighborhood search extension and their combination approaches have been proposed, including Simple-swap, 2-Opt, 3-Opt, and 4-Opt. The performance of the proposed mechanism was compared and analyzed using benchmark dataset. The results from experimental work confirmed that the proposed approach provides better accuracy with suitable time

An empirical study of double-bridge search move on subset feature selection search of bees algorithm

The application of Bees Algorithm in wrapper feature selection (BAFS) has been implemented but yet too far from perfect and has few weaknesses. The algorithm performs combination of exploitative neighbourhoods and random explorative search. This creates a heavy computational time, and in the same time could affect the overall accuracy subset selection.To rectify this issue, a double-bridge move proposed and benchmark dataset have been used to determine the performance of the proposed method. The obtained results from the experiment confirmed that the proposed extension of the search neighbourhood have provided better accuracy with suitable time than the original BAFS

Experimental study of variation local search mechanism for bee algorithm feature selection

The Bees Algorithm (BA) has been applied for finding the best possible subset features of a dataset. However, the main issue of the BA for feature selection is that it requires long computational time. This is due to the nature of BA combination search approach that exploits neighborhoods with random explorative. This situation creates unwanted suboptimum solution(s) leading to the lack of accuracy and longer processing time. A set of different local neighborhood search extension and their combination approaches have been proposed, including Simple-swap, 2-Opt, 3-Opt, and 4-Opt. The performance of the proposed mechanism was compared and analyzed using benchmark dataset. The results from experimental work confirmed that the proposed approach provides better accuracy with suitable time

Random weather phenomena in free-space optical - FTTx communication system

In the last few decades, optical wireless communication became an essential technology in various applications. Researchers have paid more attention to achieving high bandwidth and low loss. However, the random weather phenomena cause attenuation of optical signals, thus will decrease the bandwidth in optical wireless communication. In this article, we investigate a hybrid free-space optical (FSO) and fiber-to-the-x (FTTx) communications link based on wavelength-division multiple access (WDMA) over different random weather phenomena that operate over different wavelengths. The performance of the hybrid FSO-FTTx system is evaluated under clear sky weather phenomena, heavy rain weather phenomena, and heavy haze weather phenomena based on BER and Q-Factor measurements. The results show that we can transmit 140 Gbit/s data over 9650 meters a hybrid link under the clear sky and heavy rain weather phenomena, 3950 meters over. Additionally, the transmission of 140 Gbit/s data can be achieved for 1450 meters under the heavy haze weather phenomenon

A Case Study of Princess Sumaya University for Technology (PSUT) Engineering Students’ Perceptions of Utilizing Simulation Software via Online Learning

The primary goal of this research has been to examine the perceptions related to the use of simulation software in the context of e-learning at Engineering PSUT in Jordan, which is acknowledged as one of the leading private universities in the country. The present study and a descriptive study utilized a 25-item survey given to 270 students. The research findings indicate that, according to the students’ subjective viewpoint, the effectiveness of simulation software in the context of online learning was observed to be significantly high. This observation is supported by an average score of 3.89 and a standard deviation of 0.959, indicating a relatively consistent perception among the participants. The study’s results indicate that there were no significant variations observed in terms of academic year, computer skills, student GPA or gender parameters. The research findings underscore the importance of incorporating simulation software in higher educational institutions to improve the teaching and learning experience

Design & investigation of 10x10 gbit/s MDM over hybrid FSO link under different weather conditions and fiber to the home

In this paper, we design and investigate 10-channels of mode division multiplexer (MDM) over hybrid free-space optics (FSO) link in several weather conditions to achieve the maximum possible medium range and fiber to the home (FTTH) for high bandwidth access networks. System capacity can be effectively increased with the use of MDM over hybrid FSO-FTTH. In this study, a 10-channel MDM over FSO-FTTH system has been analyzed in different weather conditions that operate at 1550 nm wavelength. The simulated system has transmitted 100 Gbit/s up for a distance of 3200 meters FSO in superbly clear weather condition. It also transmitted 100 Gbit/s up for a distance of 650 meters FSO during heavy rain. The validation of this study is measures based on eye diagrams bit-error rates (BER) that have been analyzed

Comparison of Different Wavelength Propagations over Few-Mode Fiber based on Space Division Multiplexing in Conjunction with Electrical Equalization

Abstract—Nonlinearities in optical fibers deteriorate system performances and become a major performance-limiting issue. This article aims to investigate the compensation of nonlinear distortions in optical communication systems based on different wavelength propagations over few-mode fiber (FMF). The study adopted Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) based on decision feedback equalizer (DFE). Various transmission wavelength of the FMF system is applied to mitigate the attenuation effect on the system. In this paper, different wavelengths (780, 850 and 1550 nm) are used in SDM. Extensive simulation is performed to assess the attenuation and Bit Error Rate (BER) in each case. The results show that the wavelength of 1550 nm produces higher power and less attenuation in the transmission. Furthermore, this wavelength produces the best distance with less BER compared to 780 nm and 850 nm wavelengths. Moreover, the validations show improvement in BER and eye diagram

Hybrid Dy-NFIS & RLS equalization for ZCC code in optical-CDMA over multi-mode optical fiber

For long haul coherent optical fiber communication systems, it is significant to precisely monitor the quality of transmission links and optical signals. The channel capacity beyond Shannon limit of Single-mode optical fiber (SMOF) is achieved with the help of Multi-mode optical fiber (MMOF), where the signal is multiplexed in different spatial modes. To increase single-mode transmission capacity and to avoid a foreseen “capacity crunch”, researchers have been motivated to employ MMOF as an alternative. Furthermore, different multiplexing techniques could be applied in MMOF to improve the communication system. One of these techniques is the Optical Code Division Multiple Access (Optical-CDMA), which simplifies and decentralizes network controls to improve spectral efficiency and information security increasing flexibility in bandwidth granularity. This technique also allows synchronous and simultaneous transmission medium to be shared by many users. However, during the propagation of the data over the MMOF based on Optical-CDMA, an inevitable encountered issue is pulse dispersion, nonlinearity and MAI due to mode coupling. Moreover, pulse dispersion, nonlinearity and MAI are significant aspects for the evaluation of the performance of high-speed MMOF communication systems based on Optical-CDMA. This work suggests a hybrid algorithm based on nonlinear algorithm (Dynamic evolving neural fuzzy inference (Dy-NFIS)) and linear algorithm (Recursive least squares (RLS)) equalization for ZCC code in Optical-CDMA over MMOF. Root mean squared error (RMSE), mean squared error (MSE) and Structural Similarity index (SSIM) are used to measure performance results

Effect of decision feedback equalizer taps on 3×6- channel mode-wavelength division multiplexing system performance in multimode fiber

In this paper, the effect of tap configurations in a decision feedback equalizer is investigated for controlling modal dispersion in a 60Gb/s 18-channel mode division multiplexing - wavelength division multiplexing system in a 2.5km multimode fiber on three Laguerre-Gaussian modes and six wavelengths centered at 1550nm. Spectrum analyser diagrams and bit error rate measurements show satisfactory performance for feed forward – feedback tap combinations (10,5), (14,0), (15,6) and (15,10) by effectively suppressing higher order modes