The Jurisprudential Criticism of Imam Al-Izz Bin Abd Al-Salam in His Book “The Rules of Judgments in the Interests of the People”

Imam al-Izz ibn Abd al-Salam had a place at the top of the pyramid of jurisprudence in general and al-Shafi’i in particular. Senior jurists are of that rank, and the nation is unanimous in their acceptance and acceptance of their jurisprudential product, which cannot be separated from it and that heritage for the sake of renewal or to keep pace with the other. I am talking here about the men of the four recognized schools of jurisprudence. Among those sects was the Shafi’i school of thought, and this study came to shed light on the jurisprudential criticism that the imam dealt with in his well-known and famous book: “The Rules of Judgments in the Interests of People.” This is the jurisprudential criticism that he not only directed to the great jurists of different sects, but also extended his criticism to the jurisprudence school that he adopts and adopts, which is the Shafi’i school. And when those scattered jurisprudential criticisms abounded in this useful book - which I made the focus of research -, and those criticisms were direct and direct to the adherents of the sects from an imam who is attested by everyone who has consideration in the sciences of jurisprudence and its origins, we can through all of this deduce the importance of analyzing and discussing some of them possible in this study. It was through the descriptive inductive method

Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo Cytotoxic Activities and Kinase Inhibition of Newly Synthesized Cyclo (Nα-Dinicotinoyl)-Bis-[(L-Valinyl)-L-Lysine Methyl Ester]

222-225Cancer is a major risk disease affecting human survival. The pharmaceutical companies are continuing searching for new drug candidates with promising anticancer activities, and reduced side effects. The current work aimed at synthesized a new tripeptide with potential pharmacological properties. L-Valine methyl ester was used to prepare cyclo (Nα-dinicotinoyl)-bis-[(L-valinyl)-L-lysine methyl ester. The new compound revealed promising in vitro cytotoxic activities against different neuroblastoma, cervical carcinoma, fibrosarcoma as well as hepatocellular carcinomas. Furthermore, we also found that the obtained IC50 of the compound decreased by about 50% during its in vivo anti-prostate cancer evaluation. Furthermore, the mechanism of action studies proposes that the new prepared derivative affects cancer cells trough the inhibition of VEGFR-2 kinase enzyme

La ingesta de grasas y el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria de los jordanos

Introduction: dietary fat has been reported as one of the significant risk factors in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Objective: this study aimed at assessing the possible association between fat intake and CVD. Methods: the present case-control study was conducted in the center of coronary angiography. Three-hundred and ninety nine patients who referred for elective coronary angiography with clinical suspicion of coronary artery disease were enrolled. Dietary data were collected from each patient using an interview-based food frequency questionnaire. Results: the findings of the present study revealed no significant differences between cases and controls regarding the intake of all types of fat either before or after energy adjustment. For both cases and controls the percentage of fat intake from total energy and the intakes of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats, cholesterol, omega-6 and omega-3 were within the recommended amounts. The intake of all fat types (except trans-fat) was not associated with the risk of developing CVD. Trans-fat intake in the second and third quartile increased the risk of CVD by OR 1.86 (95% CI: 1.03-3.34) and 2.01 (95% CI: 1.12-3.60), respectively. Conclusions: while trans-fats may be significantly associated with the development of CVD in the first two quartiles, no association has been detected with other fat types.Introducción: se ha establecido que la grasa en la dieta es uno de los factores de riesgo significativos en el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV). Objetivo: este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la posible asociación entre la ingesta de grasa y la ECV. Métodos: el presente estudio de casos y controles se realizó en el centro de la angiografía coronaria. Se inscribieron 399 pacientes que fueron remitidos para una angiografía coronaria electiva con sospecha clínica de enfermedad coronaria. Los datos dietéticos se obtuvieron de cada paciente mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos basado en entrevistas. Resultados: los hallazgos del presente estudio no revelaron diferencias significativas entre los casos y los controles con respecto a la ingesta de todos los tipos de grasa, ya sea antes o después del ajuste de energía. Para ambos casos y controles, el porcentaje de ingesta de grasas de la energía total y las ingestas de grasas poliinsaturadas y monoinsaturadas, colesterol, omega-6 y omega-3 se encuentran dentro de las cantidades recomendadas. La ingesta de todos los tipos de grasa (excepto las grasas trans) no se asoció con el riesgo de desarrollar ECV. La ingesta de grasas trans en el segundo y tercer cuartil aumentó el riesgo de ECV en OR 1,86 (IC 95 %: 1,03-3,34) y 2,01 (IC 95 %: 1,12-3,60), respectivamente. Conclusiones: si bien las grasas trans pueden estar asociadas significativamente con el desarrollo de ECV en los dos primeros cuartiles, no se ha detectado asociación con otros tipos de gras

Transient MHD Double-Diffusive Natural Convection over a Vertical Surface Embedded in a Non-Darcy Porous Medium

The problem of transient, laminar, MHD double-diffusive free convection over a permeable vertical plate embedded in Darcy and non-Darcy porous medium is numerically investigated. Nonsimilarity solutions are obtained for constant wall temperature and concentration with a specified power law of mass flux parameter. The effects of the magnetic parameter, the inertial coefficient, Lewis number, the buoyancy ratio, and the lateral mass flux on heat and mass transfer coefficients are presented and discussed

Divorce Etiquette in the Holy Quran

This study dealt with a social issue, namely (the etiquette of divorce in the Noble Qur’an). The observer in our contemporary conditions finds the ignorance of many people in divorce, its rulings, and its etiquette, and it is an important problem whose social effects have exacerbated, and the disputes transcend the spouses, to include the effects of animosity between the family and the clan. Studying in order to draw from the help of our immortal Lord will not be a guiding light for us, leading us to coexistence in goodness, so that one knows what he has and what duties he owes, and he performs them as he commanded, and there is no way for us to rise except by following this pure source. This study dealt with divorce linguistically and idiomatically, and its types and provisions in the first requirement, and as for the second requirement, it has dealt with (the etiquette of divorce) exclusively in the Holy Qur’an and this is what distinguishes it from what I reckon with monitoring of what was mentioned by some commentators, especially the modern ones among them of etiquette and its cults, with the protest According to the honorable Sunnah of the Prophet, what was needed, in order to complete the picture of those manners

Acacia senegal gum exudate offers protection against cyclophosphamide-induced urinary bladder cytotoxicity

Cylophosphamide (CYCL) is a strong anticancer and immunosuppressive agent but its urotoxicity presents one of the major toxic effects that limit its wide usage particularly in high dose regimens. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate Acacia Senegal gum exudate, Gum Arabic (GA), for its possible role as a natural, nontoxic agent against CYCL-induced urotoxicity. Male Swiss albino rats were exposed to CYCL (150 mg/kg BW, once i.p) with or without GA oral supplementation (7.5 g/kg/day for 6 days) through drinking water. Glutathione (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Nitric oxide (NO) bladder contents were assessed. Responsiveness of the bladder rings to acetylcholine (ACh) in vitro, microscopic and macroscopic features are also investigated. CYCL produced pronounced harmful effects on bladder urothelial lining with significant increases in (MDA) and NO levels in the tissue homogenates. Bladder-GSH content is dropped by over 60% following CYCL injection. Bladder contractility, as measured by its responsiveness to ACh, recorded a marked reduction. The isolated bladders exhibited such macroscopic changes as severe edema, inflammation and extravasation. The bladder weight increased as well. Histological changes were evident in the form of severe congestion, petechial hemorrhage and chronic inflammatory reaction in the lamina propria accompanied with desquamated epithelia. GA, a potential protective agent, produced an almost complete reversal of NO induction, lipid peroxidation or cellular GSH bladder contents in the GA + CYCL-treated group. Likewise, bladder inflammation and edema were reduced. Bladder rings showed a remarkable recovery in their responsiveness to ACh. Bladder histological examination showed a near normal configuration and structural integrity, with a significant reduction in inflammation and disappearance of focal erosions. These remarkable effects of GA may be attributed to its ability to neutralize acrolein, the reactive metabolite of CYCL and/or the resultant reactive oxygen metabolites, through a scavenging action. GA may limit the cascading events of CYCL-induced damage, initiating a cytoprotective effect leading to structural and functional recovery of the bladder tissues

Empowering Women Between Justice and Equality Between Islamic Law and International Covenants (Reference Study)

This study aims to explain the concepts of equality in Islamic Sharia, clarify them, and ensure that women find their full rights within a just law legislated by God Almighty. In the past, women in Western countries suffered from injustice under man-made legislation, which led to demands for their rights resulting in narrow equality between them and men, which was not fair. The study concluded that the term empowerment was closest to the aspect of equality but neglected the role and function of men in society, which is not permitted by Islamic law. Islamic law provides equal rights and duties to both genders, guided by the balance of justice that God Almighty has prescribed. The researchers recommend discussing the concept of empowerment in Islamic law compared to what is stated in international agreements and womens rights organizations through conferences and modern means of communication

Design and implementation of 2.6 GHz Phase shift using microstrip technology for mobile broadband application

This paper evolves transmission line phase shifting to optimize system cost. The design of a 1 x 2 microstrip (patch) array antenna which has an operating frequency of 2.6 GHz. Substrate FR4 dielectric with dielectric constant of 4.4 and thickness of 1.6 mm is utilized in array design. The study is performed in four steps: Firstly, through simulating radiation pattern on CST by altering two independent parameters; Spacing between patches and differential length of transmission line from source to each patch antenna. Secondly, a fabrication has been done on a sample deferential length to two ports that simulating two microstrip (patch) antennas array. Thirdly, testing of radiation fields has been performed to verify the correlation between actual records and the simulated designed antenna phase shifting. Fourth and finally, A comparison of results has been included between this paper results and previous works in sake of showing the introduced effort added value