AERODYNAMICS OF WING TIP SAILS

Observers have always been fascinated by soaring birds. An interesting feature of these birds is the existence of few feathers extending from the tip of the wing. In this paper, small lifting surfaces were fitted to the tip of a NACA0012 wing in a fashion similar to that of wing tip feathers. Experimental measurements of induced drag, longitudinal static stability and trailing vortex structure were obtained.The tests showed that adding wing tip surfaces (sails) decreased the induced drag factor and increased the longitudinal static stability. Results identified two discrete appositely rotated tip vortices and showed the ability of wing tip surfaces to break them down and to diffuse them

A Novel Approach for Adsorption of Copper(II) Ions from Wastewater Using Cane Papyrus

Abstract:                 This study tested the suitability of  Cane Papyrus as a  biological sorbent  for the  removal of  copper ions (Cu2+) from  industrial  wastewater. Bath mode was  used and the effects  of the  following parameters  were investigated: adsorbent dosage (10 to 50 g/L), pH value (2 to 8.0). The Cane Papyrus were  characterized  by Fourier  transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)   Cu2+ions adsorption. The results revealed a higher efficiency of powdered adsorbents for Cu2+ removal. The highest adsorption efficiency was found to occur at pH 6 with 50 g/L Cane Papyrus for an experimental duration of 2 hours. These  derivatives  are  probably responsible  for  Cu2+  chemical  adsorption. The Freundlich isotherm model more suitably described the adsorption process than the langmuir model with linearized coefficients of 0.95 and 0.844 respectively. Pseudo-second order kinetic equation best described the kinetics of the reaction. Fourier transform infra-red analysis confirmed the presence of amino (–NH), carbonyl (–C=O) and hydroxyl (–OH) functional groups. Furthermore, 0.5M HCl was a better desorbing agent than 0.5 M NaOH and de-ionized water. The experimental data obtained demonstrated that Cane Papyrus  can be used as a suitable adsorbent for Copper(II) ion removal from wastewater.   Â

Financing Companies using Financial Technology an Exploratory Study

ان التكنولوجيا الحديثة لتمويل الاستثمارات، والتأجير، اخذت اهتمام واسع في البلدان الصناعية بسبب مرونتها الخاصة، فضلاً عن تكاليفها المنخفضة مما تجعلها في الغالب  بديلاً للتنافس مع أساليب التمويل التقليدية الأخرى. وتجدر الإشارة في هذا الصدد إلى أن البلدان النامية بشكل عام والعربية خصوصا في الغالب ما زالت متأخرة نسبياً في تطبيق هذا النوع من التمويل، فإن شركات التأجير لا تزال منخفضة جداً مقارنة بالبلدان الصناعية بسبب أساليب التحكم التقليدية في تمويلها. المؤسسات المالية، ومخاطر عدم القبول في مجالات التمويل الجديدة، ونقص الاحتراف في المجال المالي والمصرفي ثم التهرب من المشاركة النشطة نسبياً في التنمية الاقتصادية؛ تناولت  هذه الدراسة قرارات التأجير في  البيئة العراقية كمصدر تمويل للمشاريع لتحديد مدى رغبة المشاريع العراقية وقدرتها على ممارسة نشاط التأجير ، وكذلك رغبة البنوك العراقية وقدرتها على تمويل  باستعمال التأجير. ولكي يتم الاجابة على  الفرضيات التي تناولتها  الدراسة حيث تم بناء استمارة استبيان بالاعتماد على مقياس ليكرت الخماسي  وتم توزيعها على (50)مشروع عراقي   مستخدما التأجير  و( 40) مصرف تابعة للبنوك العراقية  وتوصلت الدراسة إلى النتائج التالية: رغبة المشاريع العراقية ، وقدرتها على ممارسة نشاط التأجير ، وكذلك علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين المعرفة بمشروع نشاط التأجير وعملية التأجير المرنة ، والتعهدات لمشروع المستأجر ضد لتمويل أصولها من ناحية ، وبين رغبة المشاريع ، وقدرتها على ممارسة نشاط التأجير من جهة أخرى         The modern technology to finance investments, of leasing, and the wide attention in the industrialized countries due to their particular flexibility, as well as their low costs often thus making them an alternative to compete with other traditional financing methods. It is noted in this regard that developing countries, especially Arab ones for the most part what relatively late still in the application of this type of financing , companies are leasing is still very low compared with the industrialized countries due to traditional methods control of funding for financial institutions, and non-acceptance risk in new areas of funding, lack of professionalism in the financial and banking field and then dodging relatively active participation in economic development; this study examine the decision to leasing the Iraqi environment as a source of funding for projects to identify extent the desire of the Iraqi projects and their ability to exercise Activity leasing, as well as the desire of the Iraqi banks and their ability to finance the leasing projects, According hypotheses of the study using a model according to the measure " Likert " questionnaire, the first model to the Iraqi projects, as leasing , and was (50) projects , in the face of the second model to the branches of Iraqi banks, as leased, the (40) bank. The study concluded the following results:  The desire of the Iraqi projects, and their ability to exercise Activity leasing, as well as a statistically significant relationship between the knowledge of the project of leasing activity and flexible lease process, and pledges to the tenant project against for financing its assets on the one hand, and between the desire of the projects, and their ability to exercise leasing activity on the other

EFFECT OF BODY SHAPE ON THE AERODYNAMICS OF PROJECTILES AT SUPERSONIC SPEEDS

An investigation has been made to predict the effects of forebody and afterbody shapes on the aerodynamic characteristics of several projectile bodies at supersonic speeds using analytical methods combined with semi-empirical design curves. The considered projectile bodies had a length-to-diameter ratio of 6.67 and included three variations of forebody shape and three variations of afterbody shape. The results, which are verified by comparison with available experimental data, indicated that the lowest drag was achieved with a cone-cylinder at the considered Mach number range. It is also shown that the drag can be reduced by boattailing the afterbody. The centre-of-pressure assumed a slightly rearward location for the ogive-cylinder configuration when compared to the configuration with boattailed afterbody where it was the most forward. With the exception of the boattailed afterbody, all the bodies indicated inherent static stability above Mach number 2 for a centre-of-gravity location at about 40% from the body nose

LAMINAR MIXING IN SMX STATIC MIXERS

This paper experimentally examines the performance of a commercial static mixer (SMX). Experiments were carried out to obtain the pressure drop across different numbers of mixing elements (4, 8, 12 and 16). The quality of mixing was visually assessed using flow visualization techniques. Experiments were performed for Reynolds number between 50 and 3000 (based on the unobstructed pipe diameter). The presence of the mixing elements in the flow stream promotes a non-laminar, turbulent-like flow which considerably enhances the mixing. Addition of more mixing elements triggered mixing in the flow at lower Reynolds numbers but this was achieved at the expense of higher pressure drop. This work represents the first stage of an on going work to develop correlations to assess the mixing quality and pressure loss in the SMX static mixers

A BLUEPRINT FOR IMPLEMENTING GRAND CHALLENGE SCHOLARS’ PROGRAMME: A CASE STUDY OF TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY

The National Academy for Engineering announced 14 Grand Challenges for the 21st Century engineers to address in order to ensure a sustainable future for the generations to come. These grand challenges are in four broad areas, namely, energy and environment, health, security and learning and computation. This paper reports on a Grand Challenges Scholars’ Programme that is developed to prepare the engineering students to be able to address the grand challenges using the CDIO framework and focusing on five components; research experience, interdisciplinary curriculum, entrepreneurship, global dimension and service learning. The programme is voluntary and the candidates are expected to commit additional learning time. The programme was launched with 16 participants who are expected to graduate in 2016. A preliminary assessment of the programs shows that the participants found the programme useful in developing an array of CDIO skills. The School intends to continue offering this programme with the intention of integrating it with a holistic education approach

Liquid air as an energy storage:A review

With the increasing demand for energy due to rapid industrialisation and the environmental concerns due to the usage of fossil fuels as the main energy source, there is a shift towards renewable energy. However, the intermittent nature of renewable energy requires energy produced during off-peak hours to be stored. This paper explores the use of liquefied air as an energy storage, the plausibility and the integration of liquefied air into existing framework, the role of liquefied air as an energy storage in addressing the Grand Challenges for Engineering as well as its employability in Malaysia

THE INFLUENCE OF WAVE PATTERNS AND FREQUENCY ON THERMO-ACOUSTIC COOLING EFFECT

With the increasing environmental challenges, the search for an environmentally benign cooling technology that has simple and robust architecture continues. Thermo-acoustic refrigeration seems to be a promising candidate to fulfil these requirements. In this study, a simple thermo-acoustic refrigeration system was fabricated and tested. The thermo-acoustic refrigerator consists of acoustic driver (loudspeaker), resonator, stack, vacuum system and testing system. The effect of wave patterns and frequency on thermo-acoustic cooling effect was studied. It was found that a square wave pattern would yield superior cooling effects compared to other wave patterns tested

CHARACTERISATION OF MULTIPHASE FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION USING NON-INTRUSIVE OPTICAL TECHNIQUES

The purpose of this study is to determine experimentally the effectiveness of passive drag reduction techniques (which involve adjusting surface geometry) within a chaotic multiphase flow system. To quantify the intrusion and disturbance caused, a liquid-air blast atomiser continuously discharges within a test section of air at atmospheric pressure, with a circular cylinder placed 25 cylinder diameters (250 mm) downstream of the nozzle. This cylinder is then replaced with other cylinders which have modified surface geometry. The data was obtained using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and determines the fluid motion resulting from spray structure interaction of a liquid spray with a circular cylinder. Subtraction of non intruded spray images from intruded spray images at the same locations, using the time averaged analysis allows the direct comparison of the amount of disturbance each geometric variant has on the spray. Using this data alongside velocity profiles time averaged trends were compared. Drag reduction from V-shaped grooves provides the greatest disturbance reduction. This is due to the reduced shear stress around its cross section and the addition of small liquid eddies within each V-groove creates a gliding surface. These features proved to be most effective when monitoring drag reduction in multiphase flow-structure interaction