Advanced Searching Algorithms and its Behavior on Text Structures

This research investigates the behavior of the Boyer-Moore-Horspool (BMH) and the Boyer-Moore-Raita (BMR) string-matching algorithms using multilingual texts. The performance is computed based on searching for patterns in master strings. Experiments are conducted using a number of pattern lengths with many experiments repetition. The experimental results show that on average the number of comparisons per character passed in the case of the BMR is less than the number encountered by the BMH variant. The improvement is due to properties of the text structures. These experiments may lead to more theoretical and practical studies to develop new variants of algorithms. Using multilingual text structures provide more insight into the theory and structure of algorithms as multilingual text structures have different set of characters and dependencies, and the character properties have different type of structures. Since many applications of today depend on searching algorithms, therefore researchers need to explore every possibility that lead to improving the efficiency of searching and matching mechanisms. The time performance of exact string pattern matching can be greatly improved if an efficient algorithm is used. Considering, for example, the growing amount of text handled in the electronic patient records, it is worth and essential, in these cases and others, to searching for an efficient algorithm to deal with such huge items of information. Keywords: Matching, Boyer-Moore, Raita algorithm, Searching, multilingua

Studies On Malaysian Isolates Of Orf Virus

This study was conducted to isolate and characterize several orf viruses infecting sheep and goats in Malaysia. The isolates and two reference strains of orf virus were then compared with respect to biological properties, serological properties, protein profile and also DNA profile. Three orf viruses were isolated from infected goats and one from infected sheep. They were identified as orf viruses by means of electron microscope and three serologic tests namely, serum neutralization, immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescent tests. The isolates grew well in cell cultures prepared from goat and sheep, and on chorioallantoic membrane of hen eggs but not in several tested continuous cell lines. Compared to the other two established orf virus strains, cytopathic effect induced by these isolates in kid testis cell culture differed with respect to the tim

Resolving Inflected Text Structures Irregularities Using Rule-Based Models

In this paper a model, for natural language inflected irregular text structure, is developed in order to automatically be able to derive stems from given text words. The proposed system is modeled in away so that it has the ability to act in two ways forward and backword which is called bi-directional Techniques. It can deduce morphemes from inflected words and, at the same time, can build inflected words from stems.  The proposed system is developed and built using first-order logic techniques.The Proposed rule-based model will help researchers to do more investigation and works on multiligual applications that help facilitate many applications in our real life. Those applications can cover topics ranging from  medical diagnosis systems,  machine translation,…, to e-government entities through teaching expository text structure to facilitate reading comprehension. The proposed model be able learn how to extract rules from information by applying logic programming techniques to natural language data. Keywords:syntax Analysis, Irregular plurals, rule-based, bi-directional, Inflected words, stems, finite atomato

An Intelligent Framework for Natural Language Stems Processing

This work describes an intelligent framework that enables the derivation of stems from inflected words. Word stemming is one of the most important factors affecting the performance of many language applications including parsing, syntactic analysis, speech recognition, retrieval systems, medical systems, tutoring systems, biological systems,…, and translation systems. Computational stemming is essential for dealing with some natural language processing such as Arabic Language, since Arabic is a highly inflected language. Computational stemming is an urgent necessity for dealing with Arabic natural language processing. The framework is based on logic programming that creates a program to enabling the computer to reason logically. This framework provides information on semantics of words and resolves ambiguity. It determines the position of each addition or bound morpheme and identifies whether the inflected word is a subject, object, or something else. Position identification (expression) is vital for enhancing understandability mechanisms. The proposed framework adapts bi-directional approaches. It can deduce morphemes from inflected words or it can build inflected words from stems. The proposed framework handles multi-word expressions and identification of names. The framework is based on definiteclause grammar where rules are built according to Arabic patterns (templates) using programming language prolog as predicates in first-order logic. This framework is based on using predicates in firstorder logic with object-oriented programming convention which can address problems of complexity. This complexity of natural language processing comes from the huge amount of storage required. This storage reduces the efficiency of the software system. In order to deal with this complexity, the research uses Prolog as it is based on efficient and simple proof routines. It has dynamic memory allocation of automatic garbage collection. This facility, in addition to relieve th

Development of Best Practices for Shell Egg Disinfection Based upon Efficacy and Egg Quality

This study was conducted to compare current commercial egg sanitizers to new technologies developed to improve egg safety and quality. Objectives included: 1) conduct a survey on current industry egg washing practices along with a microbial survey; 2) assess the efficacy of chlorine, quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC), peracetic acid alone or in combination with ultraviolet (UV) light and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (3.5%) in combination with UV light as post-wash sanitizers against aerobic plate counts (APC) and Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) inoculation; 3) conduct a consumer acceptability test to evaluate the influence of chlorine, QAC, and H2O2 and UV light using a 9-point hedonic test; and 4) investigate the effectiveness of H2O2 and UV light applied to eggs prior to washing on APC and the number of dirty eggs. Results from the egg processing survey indicated that chlorine was the most frequently used sanitizer (81.7%) in the United States and most egg processors are operating in-line type facilities. Moreover, most facilities are not performing any egg treatment prior to washing, and very little in-plant microbiological monitoring was being conducted. The microbial survey indicated that 15 out of 18 visits had significantly less APC in post wash versus prewash eggs, and 11 out of 18 had significantly less APC in the final sanitizer than in the post wash stage. However, mean APC ranges after sanitization were 1.0 to 3.0 log_10 cfu/egg. In laboratory trials evaluating the effectiveness of various egg sanitization treatments, the combination of H_(2)O_(2) and UV light had the lowest eggshell APC (1.30, 1.05, and 1.10 log_10 cfu/egg) at d 0, 7, and 14, respectively, of storage among all treatments. No differences in overall consumer acceptability were determined among the treatments. However, chlorine-treated eggs received a higher score for texture compared to the other treatments. The combination of H_(2)O_(2) and UV light prior to egg washing resulted in higher percentage of Grade A eggs and lower APC (2.1 log_10 cfu/egg). Therefore, this new technology can be used as an effective sanitizer to improve the quality and safety of shell eggs

Evaluation of Performance of Hy-line Brown Laying Hens Fed Soybean and Soybean-free Diets Using Cage and Free-range Rearing Systems

This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of Hy-line Brown laying hens reared in caged or free-range facilities and fed two different diets: soybean meal (SBM) or soybean meal free (SBMF) with cottonseed meal (CSM) and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). The objectives were to: 1) evaluate laying hen early production performance and egg quality for hens fed both SBM or SBMF diets, using either caged or free-range rearing systems; 2) evaluate overall consumer preference regarding egg flavor, texture, odor, and color based on samples of scrambled and hard cooked eggs from both diets and systems; 3) evaluate the influence of yeast cell wall (YCW) on post peak performance of caged Hy-line Brown layers on egg production, egg quality, and ileum digestibility; and 4) evaluate the influence of YCW based on gene expression profile of metabolic pathways in caged hens. Results from the first experiment indicated that free-range production (87.97± 2.52%) is more variable than the traditional cage system (92.40 ± 1.63%), and a SBMF diet can be used in both caged and free-range production systems without negative impact other than significantly lower egg weight (SBM 59.85 ± 0.59 versus SBMF 56.48 ± 0.60 g). From the consumers’ perspective, flavor did not differ, but texture preference was higher for scrambled eggs from the SBMF diet versus scrambled eggs from the SBM diet. For hard cooked eggs, the consumer panel preferred the flavor of eggs from the caged rearing system versus eggs from the free-range system, and consumers liked the texture of eggs collected from hens fed SBM (6.91 ± 1.85) versus eggs hens fed SBMF (6.30 ± 2.01). Data related to the use of YCW in the diet indicated that egg production was greatest for hens fed the SBM diet with 250 ppm YCW (93.6 ± 0.6%), and egg weight was greater for the SBM (63.5 ± 0.3 g) versus SBMF (61.2 ± 0.2 g) diet. Yeast cell wall supplementation improved apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of lysine in the SBM diet (83.9 ± 3.8 versus 71.2 ± 8.9%) but not the SBMF diet. Prebiotic YCW increased the expression of the liver tissue BAK gene for both the SBM and SBMF diets. With respect to splenic tissue, the combination of YCW with the SBMF diet increased the POR gene over 6 log fold. In the presence of YCW, the SBMF diet upregulated (P<0.01) CYP3A4 and MCL1 genes in the liver and BIK and POR genes in the spleen. The CYP1A2 gene was downregulated over 9 log fold in the liver

Evaluation of Performance of Hy-line Brown Laying Hens Fed Soybean and Soybean-free Diets Using Cage and Free-range Rearing Systems

This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of Hy-line Brown laying hens reared in caged or free-range facilities and fed two different diets: soybean meal (SBM) or soybean meal free (SBMF) with cottonseed meal (CSM) and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). The objectives were to: 1) evaluate laying hen early production performance and egg quality for hens fed both SBM or SBMF diets, using either caged or free-range rearing systems; 2) evaluate overall consumer preference regarding egg flavor, texture, odor, and color based on samples of scrambled and hard cooked eggs from both diets and systems; 3) evaluate the influence of yeast cell wall (YCW) on post peak performance of caged Hy-line Brown layers on egg production, egg quality, and ileum digestibility; and 4) evaluate the influence of YCW based on gene expression profile of metabolic pathways in caged hens. Results from the first experiment indicated that free-range production (87.97± 2.52%) is more variable than the traditional cage system (92.40 ± 1.63%), and a SBMF diet can be used in both caged and free-range production systems without negative impact other than significantly lower egg weight (SBM 59.85 ± 0.59 versus SBMF 56.48 ± 0.60 g). From the consumers’ perspective, flavor did not differ, but texture preference was higher for scrambled eggs from the SBMF diet versus scrambled eggs from the SBM diet. For hard cooked eggs, the consumer panel preferred the flavor of eggs from the caged rearing system versus eggs from the free-range system, and consumers liked the texture of eggs collected from hens fed SBM (6.91 ± 1.85) versus eggs hens fed SBMF (6.30 ± 2.01). Data related to the use of YCW in the diet indicated that egg production was greatest for hens fed the SBM diet with 250 ppm YCW (93.6 ± 0.6%), and egg weight was greater for the SBM (63.5 ± 0.3 g) versus SBMF (61.2 ± 0.2 g) diet. Yeast cell wall supplementation improved apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of lysine in the SBM diet (83.9 ± 3.8 versus 71.2 ± 8.9%) but not the SBMF diet. Prebiotic YCW increased the expression of the liver tissue BAK gene for both the SBM and SBMF diets. With respect to splenic tissue, the combination of YCW with the SBMF diet increased the POR gene over 6 log fold. In the presence of YCW, the SBMF diet upregulated (P<0.01) CYP3A4 and MCL1 genes in the liver and BIK and POR genes in the spleen. The CYP1A2 gene was downregulated over 9 log fold in the liver

Detection and identification of Chlamydophila psittaci from wild spotted doves in the Klang Valley in Malaysia

A total of fifty-six wild spotted doves was captured for the isolation and identification of Chlamydophila psittaci from the Klang Valley in Malaysia. Cloaca swab samples were taken from these doves for Clearview" chlamydia test and found that fourteen (25%) birds tested positive for chlamydiosis. From these fourteen positively infected birds, five showed clinical signs of poor feathering, chilling and diarrhoea. The less positively infected birds showed no clinical signs. Several methods were used for the identification of Chlamydia from the positively infected spotted doves, including indirect immunofluorescent and peroxidase techniques, Giemsa and Gimenez staining, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From all these methods, the chlamydia appeared as intracytoplasmic inclusion in the McCoy cell. In the TEM, two morphologically distinct forms of chlamydia, termed elementary body (EB) and reticulate body (RB) were seen in the infected cell

E-learning and blended learning

The main objective of this paper is to identify the methods trough which e-learning has developed over the last years and also identify how the new technologies have blended into the teaching methods in today’s education system by blended learning. The fast development of technology has changed society in many aspects of our daily life and it is important to evaluate how these changes have impacted the education system. The paper is divided into the following five sections: an introduction in which the main hypothesis of the paper will be presented including a short review of the literature regarding the topic of e-learning. The introduction is followed by materials and methods, then the presentation of results followed by a discussion in base of the results. At the end the conclusions will be presented

Identification and Differentiation of Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis Isolates Using and pAM-3 as a DNA Probe

Background: Mycobacteriu avium subsp.paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne’s disease. It is a very slow growing bacterium on synthetic medium. The use of conventional methods for diagnosis is time consuming and not accurate. Objectives: The use of molecular biological techniques for fast and accurate diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subsp.paratuberculosis isolates. Materials and methods: DNA was extracted and prepared from four Mycobacterium avium subsp.paratuberculosis and four Mycobacterium tuberculosis bovis isolates. The extracted DNA was subjected to PCR by using specific primers and the isolates were distinguished and differentiated by hybridization technique using pAM-3 specific probe developed in New Zealand. Results: The PCR products gave the requested DNA fragment of 163 base pairs. The probe reacted specifically with targeted DNA fragment of paratubreculosis bacterial isolates but not with tuberculosis bovis isolates. Conclusion: The use of PCR and specific DNA probe for the diagnosis of MAP is a fast and accurate method for diagnosis of MAP