Molecular Detection of Human Papillomavirus Genotype-31 in Tissues from Patients with Prostate Cancer and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Background: High oncogenic-risk genotypes of human Papillomavirus (HPV) infect a wide range of human cells, including prostate tissue that give rise to benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic adenocarcinomas. This study aimed to detect DNA of HPV genotype-31 using in situ hybridization technique in prostatic tissues from benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic adenocarcinomas, and elucidate the association between these HPV genotypes and prostatic carcinogenesis. Fifty (50) formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded  prostatic tissue blocks were obtained ,among them (25)  tissue biopsies  from  prostatic carcinoma  with different grades and (15) benign prostate hyperplastic tissue blocks  as well as (10) apparently normal prostate tissue  autopsies which  were collected from the archives of Forensic Medicine Institute / Baghdad and used as  prostate healthy control groups. Detection and genotyping of HPV was done  by highly sensitive in situ hybridization technique. The signals of in situ hybridization reactions of  HPV-31 in prostate cancer cases in the present study was 52% (13 / 25) whereas in BPH, HPV-31 was detected in 33.3 %( 5 /15).  Non HPV-31 was detected in the apparently healthy control group .The highest percentage (24%) of positive- HPV31- DNA ISH reactions was found in tissues of prostatic carcinoma showing moderate differentiation .Our results indicate that the oncogenic HPV-31 might contribute to the development of subset of prostate tumors. Keywords: HPV-31; prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia,in situ hybridization

Complete transection of permanent pacemaker lead by a dislocated left shoulder prosthesis

A case of complete transection of the leads of a permanent pacemaker (PPM) by a dislocated left shoulder prosthesis is reported. An 86 year old woman with a history of B-cell lymphoma diagnosed subsequent to a pathological fracture of the humerus in 2010 was managed by a left shoulder replacement. Subsequently, she underwent chemotherapy for the B-cell lymphoma and the malignant lesion was reported to have resolved. In addition, she further went on to have a PPM- left sided DDDR inserted in 2015 for chronotropic incompetence. Following a mechanical fall she had in 2021, it was found that the PPM leads had been damaged, transected, potentially infected and failing to capture along with a displaced left shoulder prosthesis which was the likely culprit for the PPM damage. A decision was made to not remove the dislocated prosthesis by the multidisciplinary team managing her. This case highlights the importance of an understanding of the complications of shoulder surgeries, including approach adopted for surgery in patients with pacemaker in-situ and the need for regular follow up and imaging

Use And Misuse Of Antimicrobial Agents In Healthcare Settings Of Diyala Province

Background: Antibiotics are among the most highly misused and irrationally prescribed medicines by health professionals, which directly contribute to the drug resistance problem. Objective: To evaluate the rates of irrational antibiotic prescription in Baquba and          Al-Batool Teaching hospitals. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted in Baquba and Al-Batool Teaching Hospitals during the period from 1st December 2015 to 1st March 2016. Two- hundred and fifty-five randomly selected patients present to the internal medicine wards in emergency departments due to different causes were tested for antibiotic misuse. All of the medication prescribed were reported, reviewed and carefully assessed according to the standard criteria. Results: This study revealed that (78.4%) of patients had been medicated with antibiotics in rate of 100% of irrational use. Cephalosporins score the higher rate (35.3%) in prescription followed by penicillins (23.5%). The most frequent indications for antibiotics prescribed wereUrinary Tract Infections (UTI) with 51(25.5%) followed by Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI, LRTI) with (48 %, 46%), respectively. Conclusion: The rate of antibiotic misuse is unacceptably high. The antibiotics prescription need further evaluation to reduce unnecessary prescription

A memory clinic v. traditional community mental health team service: comparison of costs and quality.

Aims and method To compare the cost and quality of a memory-clinic-based service (MCS) with a traditional community mental health team (CMHT) service. Using a retrospective case-note review, we studied two groups, each with 33 participants. Consecutive referrals for diagnostic 'memory' assessments over 4 months were evaluated. Participants were evaluated for up to 6 months. Results The MCS was less costly than the CMHT service but the difference was not statistically significant (mean cost for MCS was £742, mean cost for CMHT service was £807). The MCS offered more multidisciplinary and comprehensive care, including: pre- and post-diagnostic counselling, more systematic screening of blood for reversible causes of dementia, more use of structured assessment instruments in patients/carers, signposting to the third sector as well as more consistent copying of letters to patients/carers. Clinical implications An MCS service offered more comprehensive and multidisciplinary service at no extra cost to secondary care

Classifying breast cancer by using decision tree algorithms

6th International Conference on Software and Computer Applications, ICSCA 2017 --26 February 2017 through 28 February 2017 -- --Nowadays, datasets are growing daily to obtain knowledge from big dataset. Extraction operation of useful information from the dataset is called data mining that is one of the major techniques to get the diagnostic results especially in medical care fields as breast cancer. Breast cancer is one of the widespread cancers among women if matched with all other tumors all over the world. Classification is widely used in most important and necessary tasks in the real life applications in all fields. This technique has ability of detecting very similarities/differences that a human analyst may be not notice and therefore create and introduction more accurate/useful categories. This study presents comparison and analyses breast cancer dataset by using classification decision tree algorithms. Decision tree algorithms are applied to these algorithms which are J48, Function Tree, Random Forest Tree, AD Alternating Decision Tree, Decision stump and Best First. A computationally efficient classifies of these decision tree algorithms by employing Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) that is development program which includes a set of machine learning algorithms. These masses included 569 with 357 benign and 212 malignant cases with 32 attributes to test and proof the differences among the classification methods or algorithms. These results found by manner which involves reserving a particular sample of a medical dataset on which do not train the model. The decision tree classification forms forecast breast tumor with lower error average and higher precision of correctly classified cases 97.7%. The predicted accuracy correctly classified instances for decision stump algorithm 88.0% model is the lowest of all. © 2017 ACM

Knowledge and attitude of health care workers in Baquba Teaching Hospital toward HIV/AIDS infection

Objectives: To evaluate the awareness and attitude of healthcare workers (HCWs) in Baquba Teaching Hospital towards HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Baquba Teaching Hospital during the period from 1 January to 1 March 2016. The study included 200 individuals of randomly selected HCWs working in Baquba Teaching Hospital to assess their awareness and attitude towards HIV/AIDS by using a multiple-choice questionnaire. The questions were modified according to Iraqi cultures and social traditions. Results: Generally, the results revealed that according to Modified Bloom’s Cut Off Point, the participant HCWs have good levels of awareness about etiology, vertical transmission and curability of the disease. By contrast, in some aspects like risk of HIV needle stick injury, action of antiretroviral drugs and the commonest method of HIV transmission in Iraq. The answers showed lack in awareness. Furthermore, the specialist physicians had significantly higher level of awareness than other professions (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The awareness of HCWs was high, however, it is incomplete due to some misconception. Education campaigns, posters, workshops will strengthen the knowledge of HCWs and attempt to clarify any misconception or perverting theories about HIV-infection

Antibacterial activity of green tea extract against Staphylococcus aurous isolates.

 The aim of the present study was the evaluation of the antibacterial activity of green tea extract on isolates of S. aurous. A total of 26 isolates were collected from different clinical specimens (burns, wounds, nasal , teeth, and skin swabs, ear discharge and sputum) at  Medical City Hospital / Baghdad during the period of 2012to 2014. The susceptibilities of isolates to different antibiotics were tested by using disc diffusion method. Antibacterial activity of green tea extract was measured by MIC and MBC. Fifteen isolates (57.7 %)  were MDR since they showed resistance to different types of antibiotics. The inhibition zone of green tea extract ranged between 7.5mm to 16 mm. the averages of MICs and MBCs were 4 and 5 mg/ml, respectively. The present study suggest that green tea extract has shown inhibitory effect on the growth of multidrug resistant Staph aureus

A memory clinic v. traditional community mental health team service: comparison of costs and quality.

Aims and method To compare the cost and quality of a memory-clinic-based service (MCS) with a traditional community mental health team (CMHT) service. Using a retrospective case-note review, we studied two groups, each with 33 participants. Consecutive referrals for diagnostic 'memory' assessments over 4 months were evaluated. Participants were evaluated for up to 6 months. Results The MCS was less costly than the CMHT service but the difference was not statistically significant (mean cost for MCS was £742, mean cost for CMHT service was £807). The MCS offered more multidisciplinary and comprehensive care, including: pre- and post-diagnostic counselling, more systematic screening of blood for reversible causes of dementia, more use of structured assessment instruments in patients/carers, signposting to the third sector as well as more consistent copying of letters to patients/carers. Clinical implications An MCS service offered more comprehensive and multidisciplinary service at no extra cost to secondary care