Investigating Iraqi EFL College Students' Attitude towards Using Cooperative Learning Approach in Developing Reading Comprehension Skill

This study aims at investigating Iraqi EFL college learners’ attitudes toward using cooperative Learning approach on developing reading comprehension skill. The study is restricted to third– year college students of the English language in Misan Governorate during the second term of the academic year 2015–2016. The number of the whole population is (200) which is distributed into two types: pilot and main. The sample of the study consists of 40 students. To achieve the aim of the study, students' questionnaire consisting of (46) items is applied as an instrument. In order to get required data, a t-test analysis shows a statistically significant difference about learners’ attitudes toward using cooperative learning approach on developing reading comprehension skill. The obtained results are that: which refer to (Cooperative learning helps everyone reach the goal equally) from cooperative learning and (Reading in English is difficult for me) form Reading comprehension. Gain the low effectiveness. They got a weighted mean 56% and 40%. Items number (11, 29, 37, 43) which refer to (Cooperative learning requires much more time to study) & (I think reading the texts is easier if I study within a group) from cooperative learning and (I forward to coming to my reading class.)& (I m a afraid of making mistakes in my reading class) form Reading comprehension. All got (96%)

Processing Seismic Data with Open Source Software

Open source seismic processing softwares provides a low cost alternative to commercial softwares and, with an appropriately directed development, an ability to adapt to the changing research needs. The best known example of such kind is Seismic Unix, a free reflection processing system developed at the Colorado School of Mines. It has been broadly used in research and teaching seismology and also in smaller scale seismic processing industry. Through this paper the seismic Unix was tested for the first time at Iraqi academic system by processing a real seismic data acquired at northern Iraq at Basra province. The test done by reliance a simple processing flow and the result show us high resolution seismic section and less noise ratio. According to the early mentioned results the seismic Unix recommended as a teaching tool for Iraqi educational system

NEWNOVEL METHOD TO ESTIMATE BODY CHARACTERISTICS (DIMENSIONS, DEPTHS AND DENSITY CONTRASTS) OF THREE DIMENSIONAL PRISMATIC BODIES BY APPLYING DIFFERENTIAL OPERATORS (GRADIENT g , LAPLACIAN 2Z AND BIHARMONIC 4Z ) TO THEIR GRAVITY FIELDS

:Differential Operators (Gradient, Laplacian and Biharmonic) have been used to determine anomaly characteristics using theoretical gravity field for prismatic bodies with different top depths, dimensions and density contrasts. The concepts of gradient and laplacian operator are widely used in image processing. The intersection between the gravity field and the three differential operator's fields could be used to estimate the depth to the top of the prismatic bodies regardless of their differences in dimensions, depths and density contrasts. The Biharmonic Operator has an excellent result, were two zero closed contour line produced. The outline of the internal closed zero contour line define precisely the dimension of the prismatic bodies. The distance between this zero contour and the maxima of the Laplacian Operator define the exact depth to the top of the prismatic bodies. The maxima of the Biharmonic amplitude could be used for density contrast approximation. This is the first attempt to use such technique for estimating body characteristics. Also, the Biharmonic Operator has high sensitivity to resolve hidden small anomaly due the effect of large neighborhood anomaly, the 2nd derivative Laplacian Filter could reveal these small anomaly but the Biharmonic Operator could indicate the exact depth. The user for such technique should be very care to the accuracy of digitizing the data due to the high sensitivity of Biharmonic Operator. The validity of the method is tested using field example for salt dome in Gulf Coast basi

Elemental and physical effect of carbon from date's frond after activation by phosphoric acid

Date frond, a low-cost agricultural by-product abundant in Saudi Arabia was used as a precursor for the production of porous carbons by chemical activation using phosphoric acid. The developed surface morphology was studied using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and single point BET surface area. The result obtained from TGA indicates major weight loss is during heating before 400 °C. In this study, thus this temperature was chosen to carbonize the date frond after the chemical activation using phosphoric acid (H3PO4) at various concentrations. FTIR results show that the sample is successfully converted from raw material to pure high surface area carbon. This study also shows that chemical activation at 60% H3PO4 gives the highest surface area of 1138.0 m2·g-1. Field emission scanning microscope/energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (FESEM/EDAX) on the other hand shows that chemical activation will wash away some minerals during activation to create the high surface area activated carbon

A Procedure to Correct Errors in Depth Estimation from Slope Hale Slope Method

The novel method named slope half slope for depth estimation of the causative magnetic field proposed by Peters (1949) has been investigated to determine the possible percent errors in depth estimation to magnetic sources situated at different latitudes. A sequence of models represented by thick dykes with various depths and with different values of field inclination (0 to 90°) has been used to estimate the percentage errors for the different inclination values. A procedure to correct the errors in depth estimate has been discussed. The calculated percent errors range between positive and negative values for the same angle of inclination at various depths. This raises difficulties to use a formula concerning the factor to adjust the estimated depths and to overcome this problem. Therefore, a new approach has been adopted to correct the estimated depth values. A relationship between the horizontal distance at the tangential point and center of the maximum slope with the actual and estimated depths is found. Two straight lines are plotted from this relation and they are intersected at a certain point for each inclination value. The location of this point defines whether the difference between the actual and the estimated depth values will be added to or subtracted from the estimated depth to get the actual depth. In real depth determination, the correct value is determined by defining the intersect point between the estimated depth and the horizontal distance and then calculating the difference from the actual slope line for the assigned inclination angle. Each inclination angle has its own relation and intersected point that can be used to determine the actual depth

Simple Processing Sequence to VSP-Seismic data matching in Sindbad oil field, south of Iraq

The purpose of this research is to get the batter matching between VSP and seismic data after preforming a simple processing sequence on Zero-offset VSP survey. Sindbad oil field is chosen to study goals and it\u27s containing only one well with VSP survey (Snd2) that covering depth from Zubair to Sulaiy Formations and 2D seismic lines of Basrah Survey (2Br & 5Br). In order to get the mentioned information from VSP the main steps of processing sequence (Velocity calculation, Amplitude recovery, wave separation, deconvolution and stacking) has been used to measure (RMS and AVG) velocity and make the corridor stack image of VSP p-waves in Promax landmark software. The principle of VSP and seismic data matching is depended on phase and time shift. The matching filter in Omega software depends on frequency content, phase, locations of the two data and amplitude difference which gives us batter correlation for matching. The final test of these filters shows good matching between Snd-2 VSP and 2Br2 Seismic line

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abnormalities in a Child with Acute Cerebellitis

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Economic Statistical Design Of (X)Over-Bar Control Charts For Systems With Gamma (Lambda,2) In-Control Times

In this paper, gamma (lambda,2) distribution is considered as a failure model for the economic statistical design of (x) over bar control charts. The study shows that the statistical performance of control charts can be improved significantly, with only a slight increase in the cost, by adding constraints to the optimization problem. The use of an economic statistical design instead of an economic design results in control charts that may be less expensive to implement, that have lower false alarm rates, and that have a higher probability of detecting process shifts. Numerical examples are presented to support this proposition. The results of economic statistical design are compared with those of a pure economic design. The effects of adding constraints for statistical performance measures, such as Type I error rate and the power of the chart, are extensively investigated

Ultrastructural pathology of the upper respiratory tract of rabbits experimentally infected with Pasteurella multocida A:3

Twenty-four 8 to 9 week-old Pasteurella multocida-free rabbits were divided into three equal groups, the first group was pretreated with hydrocortisone and inoculated intranasally with pasteurella multocida serotype A:3. The second group was inoculated intranasally with P. multocida without hydrocortisone treatment. The third group was inoculated with phosphate buffered saline only and used as a control group. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from the nasal cavity of all infected rabbits in group 1 and 2 and from the trachea of seven rabbits in group 1 and five rabbits in group 2. This study was conducted to observe the ultrastructural changes of the upper respiratory tract of hydrocortisone treated and non-treated rabbits infected with P. multocida serotype A:3. The ultrastructural changes detected in infected rabbits were ciliary destruction and deciliation of the ciliated epithelial cells, cellular swelling, goblet cell hyperplasia and endothelial cell damage. Pasteurella multocida was observed attached to the degenerated cilia,microvilli and mucus. Pasteurella multocida infection was associated with inflammatory responses, which may have caused tissue damage. It is possible that hydrocortisone modulates the severity of infection as an immune suppressor and an inhibitor of goblet cell secretion