The Cholera Crisis in Yemen: Case Studies on Vulnerability and Resilience in Sana\u27a, Al Hudaydah, and Ma\u27areb

The largest recorded cholera epidemic in history is happening right now in Yemen, a country which has reported over 2 million cases of cholera as of 2020. Yemen has a history of endemic cholera, but prolonged conflict in the country has led to deteriorating conditions that have triggered massive outbreaks of the disease. The purpose of this study is to investigate the direct and indirect causes of the cholera epidemic in Yemen by proposing factors that may confer vulnerability and resilience in Yemeni governorates. Case studies were constructed for three governorates: Sana’a and the inner municipality of Amanat Al Asimah; Al Hudaydah; and Ma’areb. As part of each inquiry, information about political governance, water and sanitation services, healthcare, nutrition level, displacement, and humanitarian aid is presented, and used to situate 2017-2018 epidemiological data on cholera and 2016-2018 infrastructure destruction data in the context of the conflict. The situation in these three governorates speaks to a larger man-made public health and humanitarian crisis, the result of ongoing political and military conflict for nearly a decade, that has impacted virtually every facet of life, from livelihood and mobility to health, for civilians across Yemen

Some Estimation Methods for the Shape Parameter and Reliability Function of Burr Type XII Distribution / Comparison Study

Burr type XII distribution plays an important role in reliability modeling, risk analyzing and process capability estimation. The choice of the best estimation method is one of the goals in estimating parameters of the distribution. The main aim of this paper is to obtain and compare the classical "maximum likelihood and uniformly minimum variance unbiased" estimators and the Bayesian estimators of the shape parameter, ???? and reliability function based on a complete sample when the other shape parameter, ? known. The Bayes estimators are obtained under non-informative priors "Jeffrey’s prior, modified and extension of Jeffrey’s prior" as well as under informative gamma prior based on different symmetric and asymmetric loss functions "squared error, quadratic, LINEX, precautionary and entropy". The Monte Carlo experiment was performed under a wide range of cases and sample size. The estimates of the unknown shape parameter were compared by employing the mean square errors and the estimates of reliability function were compared by employing the integrated mean squared error.   Keywords: Burr type XII distribution; Maximum likelihood estimator; Uniformly Minimum Variance Unbiased estimator; Bayes estimators; non-informative Prior; informative Prior; Squared error loss function; quadratic loss function; LINEX loss function; Precautionary loss function; Entropy Loss function; Mean squared error; integrated mean squared error

Analisa Dampak Ekonomis Rencana Pembangunan Jaringan Voip Pada Perusahaan Jasa Internet

Meskipun secara umum penggunaan teknologi VoIP lebih murah daripada tarif telepon di Indonesia, namun tidak semua Perusahaan bisa menggunakan teknologi ini untuk melakukan penghematan. Oleh karenanya analisa ekonomis mutlak diperlukan. Sayangnya analisa ekonomis secara sederhana sudah tidak lagi cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pengambil keputusan atas rencana investasi Teknologi Informasi (TI). Hal ini dikarenakan dalam suatu proyek TI keuntungan yang bersifat intangible seringkali lebih dominan daripada yang bersifat tangible. Karena itulah dalam analisa dampak ekonomis pada penelitian ini akan digunakan metode Information Economics (IE) yang dikembangkan oleh Marylin M. Parker. Metodologi IE ini memperhitungkan seluruh aspek ekonomis suatu proyek, yaitu aspek dalam domain bisnis dan domain teknologi. Hasil yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini adalah skor untuk rencana pembangunan jaringan VoIP bagi Perusahaan jasa internet adalah sebesar 60,14. Sedangkan skor resiko dan ketidakpastiannya sebesar -6,14

Anticancer Activity of New Di-Nuclear Copper (I) Complex

In-vitro biological activities of the free new H4L ( indole-7-thiocarbohydrazone) ligand and its Ni(II), Pd(II) , Pt(II), Cu(II), Ag(I), Zn(II) and Cd(II)  complexes are screened against two cancerous cell lines, that revealed significant activity only for [Cu2Cl2(H4L)2(PPh3)2]  after 72 h treatment by the highest tested concentrations. The Copper(I) complex was characterized by X-ray Crystallography and the NMR spectra, whereas it has been confirmed to have momentous cytotoxicity against ovarian, breast cancerous cell lines (Caov-3, MCF-7). The apoptosis-inducing properties of the Cu(I) complex have been investigated through fluorescence microscopy visualization, DNA fragmentation analysis and propidium iodide flow cytometry. Keywords: Cu(I) complex, biological investigation, anticancer activity & DNA fragmentation analysis

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Cr2O3 Nanoparticles Prepared by Using Cr(NO3)3.9H2O and Triethanolamine Under Microwave Irradiation

In this study, Chromium oxide nanoparticles (Cr2O3-NPs) was prepared by sol-gel method, using Cr(NO3)3.9H2O as a Precursor material, triethanolamine (TEA) as a template and water as green solvent under microwave irradiation . X- ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Rietveld refinement and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to characterize the average  crystallite size, crystalline structure, morphology, unit cell parameters and chemical groups of the annealed powder. From  XRD data and Dicvol 91 software analysis, the crystal system was found to be rhombohedral structure for samples. The average  crystallite size is calculated by using Debye-Scherrer formula, crystallites size and strain are calculated by using Williamson-Hall formula. The effect of particle size on the crystal lattice distortion ratio, specific surface area, dislocation density and number of unit cell was discussed. A good agreement is between XRD data and FIR data. The qualitative phase analysis is performed by Rietveld analysis using “Fullprof” program of Cr2O3-NPs. Keywords: Cr2O3, Nanoparticles,  Sol – Gel , Structural Properties, Rietveld refinement

Model of Robust Regression with Parametric and Nonparametric Methods

In the present work, we evaluate the performance of the classical parametric estimation method "ordinary least squares" with the classical nonparametric estimation methods, some robust estimation methods and two suggested methods for conditions in which varying degrees and directions of outliers are presented in the observed data. The study addresses the problem via computer simulation methods. In order to cover the effects of various situations of outliers on the simple linear regression model, samples were classified into four cases (no outliers, outliers in the X-direction, outliers in the Y-direction and outliers in the XY-direction) and the percentages of outliers are varied between 10%, 20% and 30%. The performances of estimators are evaluated in respect to their mean squares error and relative mean squares error. Keywords: Simple Linear Regression model; Ordinary Least Squares Method; Nonparametric Regression; Robust Regression; Least Absolute Deviations Regression; M-Estimation Regression; Trimmed Least Squares Regression

Isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria from the fish intestine for application as probiotics in young common carp Cyprinus carpio L. diet

The current study was conducted to investigate the possibility of using Lactic acid bacteria LAB isolated from the intestines of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, as dietary probiotics to enhance the nutrition and growth of common carp juveniles. The bacteria were cultured on MRS agar and their cultural and biochemical characteristics were confirmed. The isolated probiotic bacteria were used as dietary supplements at concentrations of 106, 107, and 108 and their effect on the nutrition and growth of common carp fingerlings was evaluated. The results showed clear positive effects of adding the probiotic Lactobacilli in fish feed, with a relative growth increase from 105.26 to 178.14% with increasing probiotic concentration compared to the control. The feed conversion ratio also improved from 2.94 to 1.83 with increasing levels of probiotics compared to the control. In addition, all other indicators improved, including weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, digestibility, and beneficial intestinal flora, with increasing probiotic concentration in the feed compared to the control, with a significant difference. It was concluded that LAB isolated from the intestines of common carp.can be effectively used as probiotics in common carp C. carpio fingerlings feed, with positive results

The Level of Quality of Life among Individuals who Stutter in Jordan and Its Relationship with Some Demographic Variables

The current study aimed to identify the level of quality of life among Individuals who Stutter in Jordan and its relationship to some demographic variables using the correlative descriptive approach. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers used the quality of life scale-BRIEF-WHOQQL, prepared by the World Health Organization (WHO), on a sample (N=32) males and females Stutters.The results of the study showed that the level of quality of life among individual who stutters in Jordan was low, as the physical health field ranked first with the lowest level in the quality of life followed by the field of social relations and then the mental health and finally the field of environment. They also showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the level of quality of life among Individuals who Stutter in Jordan attributed to the variables of age, gender, marital status, family income and the degree of stuttering severity. The study concluded with a set of research and educational recommendations. Keywords: Demographic variables, Individuals who stutter, Quality of life. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-26-08 Publication date:September 30th 202

Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis as a Complication of Neonatal Septic Arthritis : Report of two cases

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis as a complication of neonatal septic arthritis is rarely reported in the literature. We report two clinical cases of unilateral TMJ ankylosis occurring in paediatric patients subsequent to neonatal septic arthritis. The first case was a 15-month-old male infant who presented to the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, in May 2010. According to the published English scientific literature, he is the youngest person yet to be diagnosed with this condition. The second case was a five-year-old female who presented to the Al-Nahda Hospital, Muscat, Oman, in October 2011. Both cases presented with facial asymmetry and trismus. They subsequently underwent gap arthroplasty and interpositional temporalis muscle and fascia grafts which resulted in an immediate improvement in mouth opening. Postoperatively, the patients underwent active jaw physiotherapy which was initially successful. Both patients were followed up for a minimum of two years following their surgeries

C-Reactive Protein and Cholesterol level In Male Type 2 Diabetic Patients.

Elevated C-Reactive Protein (CRP) level in serum is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes ,this relationship is likely to be the cause it means elevated CRP leads to T2D in future . Our objective was to examine CRP in male Type 2 Diabetes(T2D) patients in different age ,we studied 120 male subjects divided to two groups according to their age. First group A age (31 - 40) year old ,60 person )30 control & 30 T2D patients(,3 person for each same age: second group B age (41 – 50) years old ,60 person )30 control & 30 T2D patients(,3 person for each same age. We examined blood sugar ,cholesterol and CRP in each group. and we toke the mean of samples in the same age in each data in all the 4 groups. Our data shows that CRP raised significantly P?0.05 in group A(T2D) and in group B(T2D) comparing with control group of each .And cholesterol levels, and sugar levels raised significantly P?0.05 in group A(T2D) and in group B(T2D) comparing with control group of each. CRP ,Cholesterol and sugar are higher in group B(T2D) than in group A(T2D),and in group B (control) than in group A (control). CRP level can predict diabetes but not causal, diabetes may cause a kind of inflammation (showed by high CRP) by its effect on body and this effect (inflammation) may cause rising CRP level