Numerical Solution of Mixed Volterra – Fredholm Integral Equation Using the Collocation Method

         معادلات فولتيرا- فريدهولم التكاملية المختلط ((MVFIEs لديها اهتمام كبير من قبل الباحثين مؤخرا . الطريقة العددية الي اقترحت لحل هذا النوع من المعادلات تستعمل نقاط التجميع وتقريب الحل بواسطة الدالة  اساس الشعاعي (radial basis function)  و متعددة حدود من الدرجة الثانية واندراج النقطة من دون استخدام الشبكة, ولسهولة  الحل تم استخدام اصفار متعددة حدود ليجندر كنقاط تجمع. الغرض الرئيسي من استخدام دالة أساس الشعاعي ومتعدد الحدود هو التغلب على التفرد الذي قد يرتبط بأساليب التجميع. علاوة على ذلك، فإن وظيفة الاستيفاء التي تم الحصول عليها تمر عبر كل النقاط المنتشرة في مجال ما ، وبالتالي فإن وظائف الشكل هي من خصائص خاصية دلتا. تمت مقارنة الحل الدقيق للحلول الانتقائية بالنتائج التي تم الحصول عليها من التجارب العددية من أجل التحقق من دقة وكفاءة طريقتنا.Volterra – Fredholm integral equations (VFIEs) have a massive interest from researchers recently. The current study suggests a collocation method for the mixed Volterra - Fredholm integral equations (MVFIEs)."A point interpolation collocation method is considered by combining the radial and polynomial basis functions using collocation points". The main purpose of the radial and polynomial basis functions is to overcome the singularity that could associate with the collocation methods. The obtained interpolation function passes through all Scattered Point in a domain and therefore, the Delta function property is the shape of the functions. The exact solution of selective solutions was compared with the results obtained from the numerical experiments in order to investigate the accuracy and the efficiency of scheme

Geomagnetic Kp Index and Planetary Magnetosphere Size Relationship: for Mercury and Jupiter During two Types of Geomagnetic Conditions

يرتبط المؤشر Kp بالعديد من خصائص الماكنيتوسفير، والذي يستخدم لقياس مستوى النشاط المغناطيسي. تم اختيار اثنين من أكثر الكواكب المختلفة في النظام الشمسي، عطارد بمجاله المغناطيسي الضعيف وكوكب المشتري بمجاله المغناطيسي القوي لهذه الدراسة لحساب نصف قطر الماكنيتوسفير للكوكب (RMP) والذي يمثل حجم الماكنيتوسفير ومقارنته بالنشاط الشمسي من خلال المؤشر Kp ولنوعين من العواصف الجيومغناطيسية الهادئة والقوية وللفترة (2016-2018). من النتائج تبين ان هنالك علاقة عسكية بينهما خلال العواصف القوية، في حين ان هذه العلاقة تكون طردية في حالة النشاط الجيومغناطيسي الهادئ. وايضا لوحظ ان هنالك تقلص في حجم الماكنيتوسفير اثناء العواصف القوية مقارنة بالحالة الهادئة وللكوكبين المختارين عطارد والمشتري. يمكن ان نستنتج من هذه النتائج ان العلاقة بين نوع العاصفة وحجم الماكنيتوسفير لايعتمد على قوة المجال المغناطيسي للكوكب وبعده عن الشمس.     Kp index correlates with the many magnetosphere properties, which are used to measure the level of magnetic activity. In the solar system, the two different planets, Mercury with weak magnetic field and Jupiter with strong magnetic field, are selected for this study to calculate the planet's magnetosphere radius (RMP) which represents the size of magnetosphere compared with solar activity through Kp index,  through two types of geomagnetic conditions; quiet and strong for the period (2016-2018). From the results, we found that there are reversible relations between them during strong geomagnetic storms, while there are direct relations during quiet geomagnetic conditions. Also it is found that there is a reduction in the size of magnetosphere during the strong geomagnetic storms as compared to the magnetosphere size during geomagnetic quiet conditions for the two planets: Mercury and Jupiter. We can conclude from these results that the relation between storm type and magnetosphere size is independent of the strength of planetary surface magnetic field and their distance from the Sun

Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of the Fundamental Natural ‎Frequency of a Spherical Core Sandwich Structure.‎

  مقدمة: الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو التحقق من تأثير متغيرات العوامل الجيومترية عدديا وتجريبيا على خاصية التردد الطبيعي لألواح ساندويج ذات قلب كروي . هذه الالواح مصنعة بطريقة أبتكارية بواسطة أستخدام شمع النحت التعليمي . العوامل الجيومترية هي قطر الكرة وسمك الوجه والمسافة بين الكرات. طرق العمل: طبقا لمنهجية استجابة السطوح - تصميم التجارب تم تصميم 15 عينة وفق طريقة بوكس-بيهنكن  وأعتمادا على الظروف التجريبية لحدود قيم كل متغير. المادة الأساس في الصب هي البوليستر الغير مشبع . الطول الفعال لجميع العينات المصنعة كان ثابتا بقيمة 20 سم. تم تقييم التردد الطبيعي عدديا باستخدام نظرية العناصر المحددة وعمليا باستخدام الاختبار المشروط  وحساب الفارق بينهما. تأثير المتغيرات الجيومترية تم تحليلها بأستخدام نظرية تحليل التباين الإحصائية. الأستنتاجات: بينت هذه الدراسة فهما جيدا لتأثير المتغيرات الجيومترية لألواح ساندويج ذات قلب كروي عل خاصية التردد الطبيعي. النتائج العملية والعددية بينت  فارقا في القيم لم يتجاوز 15% أما النتائج الإحصائية فبينت ان المسافة بين الكرات كان لها تاثير كبير جدا ورئيسي على جميع المتغيرات الجيومترية الأخرى. سمك الوجه وقطر الكرة كان لهما تاثير أقل وفقا الى تلك البيانات.Background: This study investigates the effect of the variation of the geometrical factors on the fundamental natural frequency of the novel spherical core sandwich structure numerically and experimentally.  These novel structure are made up by using carving wax. The geometrical factors are diameter of sphere, skin thickness and spacing between spheres. Materials and Methods: Fifteen specimens according to response surface methodology - design of experiments  and using Box-Behnken method were manufactured from unsaturated polyester material with different geometry while maintaining a 20 cm effective length. The fundamental natural frequency was evaluated according to two methods numerically by using finite element analysis and experimentally by using the modal test. ANOVA statistical analysis was used to evaluate the effect of the geometrical factors on the natural frequency Results: The results show that the discrepancy between these methods was less than 15%. The spacing between the spheres was a dominant factor that influence the fundamental natural frequency. The sphere diameter is a less dominant factor while the skin thickness has a minor influence on the fundamental natural frequency of the spherical core sandwich structure. Conclusions: This study provides a better understanding of the influence of the geometrical properties of the structure on the fundamental natural frequency. The most influential factor on the fundamental natural frequency is the spacing between the spheres while The diameter of the sphere has less influence, while the skin thickness has a minor effect on the fundamental natural frequency

An Outcome-Based Assessment And Improvement System For Measuring Student Performance And Course Effectiveness

The evaluation of students’ expected performance and course effectiveness play a vital role in determining the course contribution toward meeting the program’s learning objectives or outcomes. The success of any course not only requires a well-designed syllabus with clearly defined course learning outcomes and the use of appropriate outcome-based teaching and assessment methods, but also a systematic approach to document and analyze the entire assessment data and results. Such an approach will be helpful in providing a better insight and understanding of students’ competency levels achieved in all course learning outcomes which ultimately would facilitate course instructors in their efforts to improve course curricula and to introduce reforms in teaching and assessment processes. This paper presents a simple and easy-to-use system that aids course instructors in recording and analyzing the results of various assessment instruments administered in their courses. A detailed analysis provided by the system would also guide curriculum planners and assessors in suggesting reforms and improvements at the program level

The Impact of Normal Physiological Fluctuation of Progesterone Hormone on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in Premenopausal Women in A sample of Iraqi

This study was performed to determine normal physiological fluctuation of serum progesterone Hormone on peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR %). The study involved 50  healthy  in  follicular  phase  (group  A)  and  59  healthy premenopausal  women  in luteal phase (group B). PEFR % was higher in luteal phase in compared to follicular phase of premenopausal women, the relationship was  significant (p<0.01, r= 0.992).Serum progesterone level was higher in luteal phasein compared to follicular phase of  premenopausal  women  (P<0.05).  There  were  a  significant  positive  correlation between PEFR % and progesterone level in group A (P<0.01, r= 0.859)) and group B  )p< 0.01, r= 0.995).Therefore, the normal cyclical progesterone hormone level should took considerably in interpretation of PEFR% . Keyword: progesterone Hormone, peak Expiratory Flow Rate, follicular phase, luteal phas

RADIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF THE COURSE AND VISIBILITY OF THE MANDIBULAR CANAL BY PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHY

Background and Objectives:  The mandibular canal is a canal inside the mandible that contains the inferior alveolar artery, the inferior alveolar nerve and the inferior alveolar vein. The anatomy and variations of the human mandible are very important for planning various surgical measures such as extraction of the third molar, dental implants and mandibular reconstruction. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of the different courses of the mandibular canal  and to investigate the visibility of the mandibular canal by panoramic radiography, among a sample of Yemeni adults. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Sana'a city on a sample of Yemeni adults. The study consisted of panoramic radiographs of 928 patients; the number of males was 340 (36.6%) and 588 females (63.4%). The mandibular canal course, as shown in the panoramic radiographs, was classified into four types: elliptical, linear, turning curves and spoon-shaped. The visibility of this canal from the first to the third molar region was assessed through visual determination of whether the lower canal was clearly visible, possibly visible, or invisible. Results:   Elliptical curves were the most observed along the mandibular canal course at 62.2% of the total, followed by the linear curve (24.8%) while the lower rate curve spoon (7.9%) and the turning curve (5.2%). There were no statistically considerable differences between the distribution of the mandibular canal courses between males and females except in the spoon curve where the ratio was 10.8% in males versus 6.1% in females (p <0.05). The percentage of clearly visible mandibular canals was the highest among the spoon-shaped curves (49.9% in the first molar, 63% in the second, 78.1% in the third molar) and the lowest among the linear curves (10.9% in the first, 18.7% in the second and 33.5% in the third molar). On panoramic radiographs, the invisible mandibular canals are found in 198 (21.3%) of the examined sites in the first molar region, in 85 (11%) in the second molar region, and in only 6 (0.64%) in the third molar region. Conclusion:  It was observed that elliptical curves along the path of the mandibular canal were the most present, while a decrease in the ratio of the two types of spoon curve and turning curve was observed. It was found that spoon curve was significantly more common among males than females. It was also found that the visibility of  madibular canal is fewer in the first molar region than in the third molar region.                Peer Review History: Received: 21 September 2020; Revised: 8 October; Accepted: 29 October, Available online: 15 November 2020 Academic Editor: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Sunita Singh, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA, [email protected] Dr. Ali Abdullah A. Al-Mehdar, Thamar University, Yemen,  [email protected] Similar Articles: BIOFILM FORMATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF UROPATHOGENS IN PATIENTS WITH CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN IBB CITY -YEME

PREVALENCE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN DENTAL INFECTIONS AND THE OCCURRENCE OF MRSA IN ISOLATES

Objectives:  Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunist that causes systemic infections and dental infections in the human being body. This organism increases its resistance to many categories of antibiotics all day and turn out to be more resistant, and this led to a growing feeling of concern in this era. Given this fact, the aims of this study were to determine the frequency of S. aureus in oral infections and to determine the prevalence of MRSA strains and the sensitivity of isolated S. aureus to antibiotics, in patients who attended dental clinics in major public hospitals and private clinics in the city of Sana'a-Yemen. Subjects and methods:  The study was conducted for a year, early in December 2018 and ending in November 2019. The study included 296 patients, 153 male and 143 female, ages 5 to 65, with an average age of 36.2 years. Demographic and clinical data were collected in questionnaire, then pus or oral swabs were collected from patients, cultivated, isolated and identified by standard laboratory techniques. MRSA was ascertained by means of the method of disc diffusion to 1µg of oxicillin disc and 5 µg of methacillin disc; an antimicrobial sensitivity test was carried out by disc diffusion method of selected antibiotics.The oral  infections include  dental abscesses,  periodontal abscesses, gingivitis, periodentitis, dental caries,  pulpitis and oral thrush. Results:  Of a total of 296 cultured pus and swabs, only 217 produced a positive culture (73.3%). Gram-positive bacteria formed 67.4% of the total isolates where S. aureus was the predominant pathogen (43.1%).  The prevalence of MRSA was 23.5%. There was a higher rate of antibiotic resistance tested in MRSA isolates compared to a lower rate of resistance in MSSA as well as 22.2% of MRSA isolates were vancomycin resistant, while only 11.4% of MSSA were vancomycin resistant. Conclusion:  It can be concluded, S. aureus was the most widespread isolate in dental infections, high rate of  MRSA,  the appearance of S. aureus isolates resistant to vancomycin and other broad choice of antibiotics have raised MRSA in oral infections into a multi-drug-resistant, making it more and more hazardous in oral infections. Consistent assessment of oral associated infections and observing the pattern of antibiotic sensitivity and strict drug policy for antibiotics are recommended.                        Peer Review History: Received 16 April 2020; Revised 2 May; Accepted 12 May, Available online 15 May 2020 Academic Editor:Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Mohamed Awad Mousnad, Faculty of Pharmacy, International University of Africa (IUA), Khartoum, Sudan, [email protected] Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, [email protected] Similar Articles: PREVALENCE OF METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS AT A PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN SANA'A, YEMEN PREVALENCE, ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN AND RISK FACTORS OF MRSA ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SPECIMENS AMONG MILITARY PATIENTS AT 48 MEDICAL COMPOUND IN SANA'A CITY-YEME