Crystal structures of 4-phenylpiperazin-1-ium 6-chloro-5-ethyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-ide and 4-phenylpiperazin-1-ium 6-chloro-5-isopropyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-ide

The title molecular salts, C10H15N2+·C6H6ClN2O2−, (I), and C10H15N2+·C7H8ClN2O2−, (II), consist of 4-phenylpiperazin-1-ium cations with a 6-chloro-5-ethyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-ide anion in (I) and a 6-chloro-5-isopropyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-ide anion in (II). Salt (I) crystallizes with two independent cations and anions in the asymmetric unit. In the crystal structures of both salts, the ions are linked via N—H...O and N—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming sheets which are parallel to (100) in (I) and to (001) in (II). In (I), the sheets are linked via C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional framework

Crystal structure of 5-(adamantan-1-yl)-3-= (4-chloroanilino)methyl-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione, C19H22ClN3OS

Abstract C19H22ClN3OS, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.0418(2) Å, b = 10.8802(3) Å, c = 23.5506(6) Å, V = 1804.36(8) Å3, Z = 4, R gt (F) = 0.0413, wR ref (F 2 ) = 0.1110, T = 100 K.</jats:p

Crystal structure of 6-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-[1,2,4]-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole, C15H9FN4S

Abstract C15H9FN4S, orthorhombic, Pna21 (no. 33), a = 18.9361(2) Å, b = 11.5248(1) Å, c = 6.0142(1) Å, V = 1312.52(3) Å3, Z = 4, R gt (F) = 0.0263, wR ref (F 2 ) = 0.0706, T = 100 K.</jats:p

Thermoregulatory and Physiological Responses of Najdi Sheep Exposed to Environmental Heat Load Prevailing in Saudi Arabia

The objective of this study was to evaluate the thermoregulatory and physiological responses of Najdi rams raised under hot summer conditions prevailing in Kingdom Saudi Arabia. The core temperature (Tcore) showed circadian rhythm characterized by biphasic achrophases, which were associated with the feeding times during both seasons. Average daily Tcore was significantly (P<0.05) higher under hot summer conditions. However, the amplitudes of the rhythmic oscillation during winter and summer seasons were 0.85 and 0.56C, respectively. Rectal (Tre) and skin temperatures (Tsk) were significantly (P<0.05) higher under hot summer conditions and exhibited similar patterns during both seasons concurrent with the pattern of temperature humidity index (THI), reaching the maximum values late in the afternoon and the minimum values early in the morning. Respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) showed the same pattern of the thermal parameters and were significantly (P<0.05) higher under hot summer conditions. Serum concentrations of total protein, globulin, glucose, sodium and chloride were significantly (P<0.05) increased while those of albumin and calcium were decreased under hot summer conditions. The results obtained from this study indicate that hot summer conditions of Saudi Arabia is thermally stressful to Najdi rams. Therefore, Najdi sheep production under such conditions would require environmental and/or nutritional modification to alleviate the impact of heat stress

A comparison of nutritional intake and daily physical activity of girls aged 8-11 years old in Makkah, Saudi Arabia according to weight status

Abstract Background Obesity rates in Saudi Arabia are amongst the highest in the world. It is known that teenage girls are less active than teenage boys, but less is known about the diet and activity patterns in younger girls. Therefore this study sought to investigate dietary intake and daily physical activity in girls aged 8-11 years old in Saudi Arabia. Methods This was a cross- sectional observational study conducted in seven schools across the city of Makkah. A total of 266 girls had anthropometric measurements taken including height, weight, waist circumference and body fat estimations. Dietary assessment using a 4 day unweighed diet diary was undertaken in 136 of these participants, and 134 agreed to monitor their physical activity for the 4 days using an accelerometer. After exclusion for under-reporting, 109 remained in the dietary analysis and 78 in the physical activity analyses. Differences in means between BMI groups were determined using one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to look at the effect of multiple variables on body weight. Results A total of 30% of participants were classified obese or overweight. There was a significant difference in the mean daily energy intake between the BMI groups with the obese group having the highest energy, fat, carbohydrate and protein intake (obese group: 2677 ± 804 kcal/d; healthy weight group: 1806 ± 403 kcal/d, p < 0.001), but the percentage contribution of the macronutrients to energy intake remained the same across the BMI groups. There were no differences in number of steps taken per day or time spent in moderate to vigorous intensity exercise according to BMI category. Most of the girls did not meet daily physical activity guidelines (5969 to 6773 steps per day and 18.5 - 22.5 mins per day of moderate to vigorous activity). Multiple linear regression showed that energy intake positively predicted body weight (Beta = 0.279, p =0 .001), whereas, total energy expenditure per kg of body weight and family income had a significant negative influence on body weight (Beta = −0.661, p < 0.001; −0.131, p = 0.028 respectively). Conclusions The results of this cross sectional analysis suggest that obesity in girls aged 8-11 years is linked to excessive energy intake from all macronutrients and the majority of girls in all weight categories are inactive. Research should be conducted to further investigate causal relationships in longitudinal studies and develop interventions to promote dietary change and activity that is culturally acceptable for girls in Saudi Arabia

Microsatellite-Based Genetic Structure and Diversity of Local Arabian Sheep Breeds

The genetic diversity of the sheep breeds in the Arab countries might be considered to be a mirror of the ecology of the region. In this study, the genetic structure and diversity of sheep breeds from Saudi Arabia (Harri, Najdi, Naemi, Arb, and Rufidi) and Awassi sheep from Jordan as an out-group were investigated using 19 microsatellites. All the breeds had high intra-population genetic diversity expressed as allelic number (7.33) and richness (2.9) and, expected heterozygosity (0.77). Structure analysis revealed three main gene pools underlying the ancestral genetic diversity of the study populations. The first pool had Harri, Najdi, and Rufidi breeds; the second had Naemi and Awassi breeds, and the third had the Arb breed which was significantly differentiated from the other breeds. Factorial correspondence analysis lent further support to the presence of the three gene pools. Although the outgroup Awassi sheep was more clearly differentiated, it still genetically close to Naemi sheep. The differentiation of the Arb breed could have been resulted from geographic and reproductive isolation. On the other hand, the genetic structure of the other two gene pools could be the result of the past and recent gene flow between individuals reared in the region known to be the center for animal husbandry and trading until the current time

Vibration Control of Fractionally-Damped Beam Subjected to a Moving Vehicle and Attached to Fractionally-Damped Multiabsorbers

This paper presents the dynamic response of Bernoulli-Euler homogeneous isotropic fractionally-damped simply-supported beam. The beam is attached to multi single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) fractionally-damped systems, and it is subjected to a vehicle moving with a constant velocity. The damping characteristics of the beam and SDOF systems are described in terms of fractional derivatives. Three coupled second-order fractional differential equations are produced and then they are solved by combining the Laplace transform with the decomposition method. The obtained numerical results show that the dynamic response decreases as (a) the number of absorbers attached to the beam increases and (b) the damping-ratios of used absorbers and beam increase. However, there are some critical values of fractional derivatives which are different from unity at which the beam has less dynamic response than that obtained for the full-order derivatives model. Furthermore, the obtained results show very good agreements with special case studies that were published in the literature

Ultrasonic Irradiation: Synthesis, Characterization, and Preliminary Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Series of 4,6-Disubstituted-1,3,5-triazine Containing Hydrazone Derivatives

Novel series of 4,6-disubstituted-1,3,5-triazines containing hydrazone derivatives were synthesized employing ultrasonic irradiation and conventional heating. The ultrasonication gave the target products in higher yields and purity in shorter reaction time compared with the conventional method. IR, NMR (H 1 and C 13), elemental analysis, and LC-MS confirmed the structures of the new products. The antimicrobial and antifungal activities were evaluated for all the prepared compounds against some selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The results showed that only two compounds 7i (pyridine derivative) and 7k (4-chlorobenzaldehyde derivative) displayed biological activity against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, while the rest of the tested compounds did not display any antifungal activity.</jats:p

Exploring the Role of Salt Supplementation on Milk Composition, Fatty Acids, and Insulin Response in Lactating Camels

Altres ajuts: National Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation (MAARIFAH), King Abdul-Aziz City for Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 13-AGR1159-02This study looked at how adding extra salt to the diet of dairy camels affects their milk and overall metabolism. The camels that consumed more salt drank more water and had higher levels of insulin in their blood. However, the milk from the salt-fed camels contained lower levels of healthy fats, specifically unsaturated fats, which are important for heart health. These results suggest that adding a high amount of salt to the diet may affect the quality of milk and potentially make it less healthy due to the shift in fat types. In simple terms, a moderate increase in dietary salt for dairy camels changes the type of fat in their milk and increases blood insulin levels, which could affect the health benefits of the milk and the camels' insulin metabolism. Camel milk is a valuable food source with unique nutritional properties and potential health benefits. This study investigated the influence of high dietary salt on milk composition and fatty acid (FA) profile as well as insulin regulation in dairy camels. Twelve multiparous female camels were used in a crossover design with two treatments: control concentrate (CON; 1.3% salt) and high-salt concentrate (SAL; 3.9% salt). Each period lasted 3 weeks, with camels switched between treatments in the second period. The measured variables included milk yield, milk composition, blood metabolites, and insulin levels in blood and milk. The SAL group exhibited higher (p < 0.01) water consumption. Nevertheless, milk yield and composition (fat, protein, lactose) remained unaffected. Notably, SAL camels had elevated blood insulin levels (p < 0.05) compared to the CON group, suggesting enhanced pancreatic activity possibly driven by osmotic balance changes. Milk FA profiles revealed a reduction in unsaturated fatty acids (UFA, p < 0.04), particularly monounsaturated (MUFA, p < 0.05) and odd-chain fatty acids (OCFA, p < 0.05). Furthermore, lipid quality indices such as the atherogenic index (p < 0.01) and the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic FA ratio (h/H, p < 0.01) indicated a less favorable milk fat profile in the SAL group. These findings suggest that while moderate salt supplementation may not negatively impact milk yield in dairy camels, it alters both metabolic and milk fat composition variables, with potential implications for the nutritional quality of milk

Crystal structure of 3-{= 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl methyl}-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3h)-thione

The title compound, C18H20N4O2S2, is a new 1,3,4-oxadiazole and a key pharmacophore of several biologically active agents. It is composed of a methyl(thiophen-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione moiety linked to a 2-methoxyphenyl unit via a piperazine ring that has a chair conformation. The thiophene ring mean plane lies almost in the plane of the oxadiazole ring, with a dihedral angle of 4.35 (9)°. The 2-methoxyphenyl ring is almost normal to the oxadiazole ring, with a dihedral angle of 84.17 (10)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by weak C—H...S hydrogen bonds and C—H...π interactions, forming layers parallel to the bc plane. The layers are linked via weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds and slipped parallel π–π interactions [intercentroid distance = 3.6729 (10) Å], forming a three-dimensional structure. The thiophene ring has an approximate 180° rotational disorder about the bridging C—C bond