Internet addiction, fatigue, and sleep problems among adolescent students: a large-scale study

Aim: The aim of the present study was to examine the association between Internet Addiction (IA), fatigue, and sleep problems among university students. Methods: A total of 3,000 Turkish students aged 18 to 25 years were approached and 2,350 students (78.3%) participated in this cross-sectional study from April 2017 to September 2017 in public and private universities in Istanbul. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire including socio-demographic details, lifestyle and dietary habits, Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Fatigue Scale, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS]. Descriptive statistics, multivariate and factorial analyses were performed. Results: The overall prevalence of IA among the studied population was 17.7%. There were significant differences between gender, family income, father’s occupation, school performance, frequency and duration of watching television, physical activity, internet use duration, and sleep duration (all p<0.001). Significant differences were also found between participants with IA and those without IA in having headaches, blurred vision, double vision, hurting eyes, hearing problems, and eating fast food frequently (all p<0.001). Using multivariate regression analysis, the duration of internet use, physical and mental symptoms, headache, hurting eyes, tired eyes, hearing problems and ESS scores were significantly associated with (and primary predictors of) IA. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that IA was associated with poor dietary habits, sleep problems, and fatigue symptoms

Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire: Validity and reliability of the Turkish version [Alkol bağimliliği Şiddeti ölçeği: Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirliği]

PubMed ID: 30260466Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the validity and reliability of Turkish version of Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ) developed by Tim Stockwell and colleagues in 1983 for the purpose of evaluating the severity of dependence in people with alcohol use disorder. Method: The present study was conducted with an adult sample of 200 participants with alcohol use disorder according to DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) who applied to Ege University Institute on Drug Abuse, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science. Regarding validity analysis, item-total score correlation coefficients and principal component analysis were calculated. The scale was compared with Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST). Reliability analysis was performed with internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability. Results: Considering the internal consistency reliability of scale, Cronbach's Alpha Reliability Coefficient was found to be ? = 0.914. Item and Total Score Correlation Coefficients of the scale items were found between 0.309 and 0.730 (p < 0.01). The mean test-retest scores of the scale and its sub-dimensions were calculated with t-test for dependent groups and the difference was not statistically significant. Testretest correlation coefficient of the scale was found 0.855 (p < 0.01). Exploratory factor analysis explained 70.5% of the total variance and four sub-dimensions were identified. Factor loadings of these sub-dimensions were estimated between 0.49-0.91. The correlation between SADQ and MAST was statistically significant (r = 0.557, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the Turkish version of the SADQ with four sub-dimensions is a reliable and valid instrument in determining severity of alcohol dependence. © 2018 Turkish Association of Nervous and Mental Health.Amaç: Araştirmanin amaci, alkol kullanim bozukluğu olan olgularda bağimlilik şiddetini değerlendirmek üzere, Tim Stockwell ve arkadaşlari (1983) tarafindan geliştirilen Alkol Bağimliligi Şiddeti ölçeği'nin (ABŞö) Türkçe uyarlamasinin geçerlik ve güvenirliğini incelemektir. Yöntem: Araştirma Ege üniversitesi Madde Bağimliliği, Toksikoloji ve Ilaç Bilimleri Enstitüsü'ne başvuran ve DSM-5'e (Ruhsal Bozukluklarin Tanisal ve Sayimsal El Kitabi - 5) göre alkol kullanim bozukluğu tanisi almiş 200 kişinin katilimi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Geçerlik ölçümleri için madde-toplam puan bağinti katsayilari ve açimlayici faktör analizi yapilmiştir. ölçeğin Michigan Alkolizm Tarama Testi (MATT) ile karşilaştirilmasi yapilmiştir. Güvenirlik ölçümleri, iç tutarlilik hesaplanmasi ve test tekrar test ölçümleri ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular: ölçeğin güvenirliğini belirlemek için hesaplanan Cronbach alfa iç tutarlik katsayişi ? = 0.914 olarak bulunmustur. Toplam puan korelasyonlari 0,309-0,730 arasinda değişmektedir (p < 0,01). ölçek ve alt boyutlarinin test-tekrar test puan ortalamalari, bağimli gruplarda t testi ile hesaplanmiş, ortalamalar arasindaki farkin istatistiksel olarak anlamli olmadiği saptanmiştir. Test-tekrar test korelasyon katsayisi 0,855 (p < 0,01) bulunmuştur. Açimlayici faktör analizi, total varyansin %70,5'ini açiklamiş ve ölçeğin dört faktörlü yapisi olduğunu göstermistir. Elde edilen alt boyutlarin faktör yükleri 0,49-0,91 arasinda saptanmiştir. ABSö'nün, MATT ile arasindaki bağinti istatistiksel olarak anlamlidir (r = 0,557; p < 0,01). Sonuç: Bu çalismadan elde edilen sonuçlar ABSö'nün dört faktörlü Türkçe versiyonunun alkol bağimliliği şiddetinin değerlendirilmesinde geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm araci olduğunu göstermiştir. © 2018 Turkish Association of Nervous and Mental Health

A numerical model for enzymatically induced calcium carbonate precipitation

Enzymatically induced calcium carbonate precipitation (EICP) is an emerging engineered mineralization method similar to others such as microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP). EICP is advantageous compared to MICP as the enzyme is still active at conditions where microbes, e.g., Sporosarcina pasteurii, commonly used for MICP, cannot grow. Especially, EICP expands the applicability of ureolysis-induced calcium carbonate mineral precipitation to higher temperatures, enabling its use in leakage mitigation deeper in the subsurface than previously thought to be possible with MICP. A new conceptual and numerical model for EICP is presented. The model was calibrated and validated using quasi-1D column experiments designed to provide the necessary data for model calibration and can now be used to assess the potential of EICP applications for leakage mitigation and other subsurface modifications

Cannabis, medical use and related policies reflections on society [Kannabis, tibbi kullanimi ve ilişkili politikalarin topluma yansimalari]

2-s2.0-85086270423Cannabis is one of the important food and textile resources that has been used since 4000 BC. The fact that it was used as a medicine by the Chinese caused it to be included in the oldest pharmacopoeia in the world. However, in the 20th century, marijuana production from cannabis was a turning point in cannabis history, and then led to the limitation of cultivation areas and use. Today, cannabis is the most popular illicit drug worldwide. Regular use of cannabis is associated with impaired functioning, decreased academic performance, amotivation, addiction and, psychiatric disorders like psychosis, schizophrenia and mood disorders. On the other hand, recent research proposed promising therapeutic potential of cannabis-based drugs for a wide range of medical conditions including neurological and psychiatric disorders. These findings have led to the legalization of medical use of cannabis in certain states of the United States and in certain European countries. In this review, cannabis use, the historical process of cannabis use, medical use of cannabis, possible consequences of medical use of cannabis and the reflections of cannabis-related policy changes on society will be discussed. © 2020 ANP Publishing. All rights reserved