Determination of Antibacterial Effect of Different Plant Essential Oils Against Erwinia amylovora

Erwinia amylovora’nın neden olduğu ateş yanıklığı hastalığı Rosaceae familyasına ait 39 farklı cins ve 128 türe ait bitkide hastalık oluşturmaktadır. Bu hastalıkla mücadelede farklı yöntemler kombine halde kullanılarak entegre hastalık yönetimi tercih edilir. Son yıllarda hastalığın mücadelesinde alternatif yöntemlerin araştırılması üzerine çalışmalar yoğunlaşmıştır. Bu yöntemlerden birisi de tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerden elde edilen uçucu yağlardır. Bu çalışmada, 16 farklı bitki uçucu yağın, Erwinia amylovora’ya karşı antibakteriyel etkisi in vitro koşullarda araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, yedi farklı bitkinin (Allium sativum, Cinnamomi ceylanici, Cymbopogon citratus, Lavandula officinalis, Mentha arvensis, Syzygium aromaticum ve Thymus vulgaris) uçucu yağı Erwinia amylovora’nın in vitro koşullarda gelişimini engellemede başarılı olmuştur. Cymbopogon citratus uçucu yağı hariç diğer altı bitkinin uçucu yağı streptomisin antibiyotiğinden kuvvetli antibakteriyel etkiye sahip olmuştur. Allium sativum, Cinnamomi ceylanici ve Mentha arvensis uçucu yağlarında sırasıyla 16.44, 15.11 ve 12.94 mm inhibisyon zonu elde edilmiş ve bu uçucu yağlar güçlü antibakteriyel etkilerle dikkat çekici bulunmuştur. Etkili bulunan bu uçucu yağlar, hastalığın mücadelesinde umut verici olarak değerlendirilmiştir.Fire Blight caused by Erwinia amylovora is a disease of plants belonging to Rosaceae family of 39 different genera and 128 species. Integrated disease management is preferred by combining different methods in the disease control. Nowadays, studies on alternative methods to control of the disease were intensified. One of these methods is using of essential oils obtained from medical and aromatic plants. In this study, antibacterial activity of 16 different plant essential oil was investigated against to Erwinia amylovora in vitro conditions. Seven essential oils (Allium sativum, Cinnamomi ceylanici, Cymbopogon citratus, Lavandula officinalis, Mentha arvensis, Syzygium aromaticum and Thymus vulgaris) inhibited successfully the growth of Erwinia amylovora in vitro conditions. The higher antibacterial efficacy was produced by the six plant essential oil except Cymbopogon citratus, compared to streptomycin. Essential oils from Allium sativum, Cinnamomi ceylanici and Mentha arvensis were obtained in 16.44, 15.11 and 12.94 mm inhibition zones, respectively and these essential oils had the highest antibacterial effects. These effective essential oils was found as promising in this disease control

Chemical components of different solvent extracts of Asclepias curassavica L. and antibacterial effect of the extracts on tomato pathogens

The use of environmentally friendly and sustainable agricultural methods in the control of diseases and pests is of great importance. In both conventional and organic agricultural production systems, the utilization of various plant extracts as part of integrated pest management has gained significance in recent years. The chemical constituents of various solutions derived from the flowers, leaves, and roots of the Asclepias curassavica L. plant were investigated, along with the possibilities of utilizing these solutions in the control of tomato plant pathogenic bacteria. As a result of the analysis, acetic acid in 60% and 80% ethanol solutions, as well as acetic acid methy ester in 60% and 80% methanol solutions, were detected in the flowers, leaves, and roots. The effects of A. curassavica flower, leaf, and root extracts, prepared using three different solvents (water, methanol, and ethanol), were investigated on eight different pathogenic bacteria (Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Clavibacter michiganensis, Dickeya zeae, Pectobacterium caratovorum, Pseudomonas phaseolicola, Pseudomonas tomato, Pseudomonas viridiflava, and Xanthomonas euvesicatoria) that cause diseases in plants. Several main compounds such as acetic acid, acetic acid. methyl ester, Furfural, 2-Furanmethanol, 4H-Pyran-4-one. 2.3-dihydro-3.5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-, Glycerin, Benzo furan. 2.3-dihydro- and 5-Hydroxy methyl furfural were identified as analyzed by GC-MS with different concentrations of ethanol and methanol solutions used for the flower, leaves and root of A. curassavica plants. The flower extract prepared with 80% ethanol exhibited a higher inhibition zone (ranging from 1.5 mm to 5.3 mm) in all pathogens, compared to other applications. The successful suppression effect of A. curassavica flower extracts on this disease is promising, especially in organic farming areas. Additionally, since it is environmentally friendly and sustainable, it can be included in integrated control methods to prevent the loss of productivity caused by diseases

Determination of fire blight disease reactions in loquat varieties.

TEZ9369Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2012.Kaynakça (s. 47-49) var.xi, 57 s. : res. (bzs. rnk.), tablo ; 29 cm.Bu çalışma, farklı yenidünya çeşitlerinin Erwinia amylovora’nın neden olduğu ateş yanıklığı hastalığına karşı reaksiyonlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada 5 farklı yenidünya çeşidi (Akko XIII, Gold Nugget, Sayda, Hafif Çukurgöbek ve Champagne de Grasse) ve Türkiye’nin farklı illerinden izole edilen 14 adet Erwinia amylovora izolatı kullanılmıştır. Bu çeşitlerin ateş yanıklığı hastalığının yaprak ve sürgün enfeksiyonlarına duyarlılık düzeyleri 2011 ve 2012 yıllarında araştırılmıştır. Yapılan iki yıllık çalışma sonucunda tüm çeşitler ateş yanıklığı hastalığının yaprak enfeksiyonuna çok duyarlı bulunurken, ateş yanıklığı hastalığının sürgün enfeksiyonlarına Champagne de Grasse, Akko XIII ve Hafif Çukurgöbek çeşitleri orta duyarlı, Sayda ve Gold Nugget çeşitleri az duyarlı olarak değerlendirilmiştir.The aim of the study was to determine fire blight disease, caused by Erwinia amylovora, resistance. Five different loquat varieties (Akko XIII, Gold Nugget, Sayda, Hafif Çukurgöbek and Champagne de Grasse) and 14 Erwinia amylovora strains, isolated from different cities of Turkey, were used in the study. Shoot and leaves infections of fire blight disease were evaluated in 2011 and 2012 on these loquat varieties. According to evaluations of two year studies, all loquat varieties were highly susceptible for leaves infections of fire blight disease. Champagne de Grasse, Akko XIII and Hafif Çukurgöbek varieties were found as moderately susceptible whereas, Sayda and Gold Nugget varieties were few susceptible for shoot infections of fire blight disease

Investigation of the efficacy of epiphytic bacteria and yeasts in the biological control of Erwinia amylovora.

TEZ12710Tez (Doktora) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2017.Kaynakça (s. 57-68) var.XIII, 109 s. :_res. (bzs. rnk.), tablo ;_29 cm.Enterobacteriaceae familyasına ait gram negatif bakteri olan Erwinia amylovora’nın neden olduğu ateş yanıklığı hastalığı Rosaceae familyasına ait bitki türlerinde görülen yıkıcı bir hastalıktır. Hastalık etmeni en şiddetli enfeksiyonlarını çiçek döneminde yapmaktadır. Çiçek döneminde kimyasalların fitotoksik olması ve antibiyotiklerin ülkemizde ruhsatlı olmaması nedeniyle hastalıkla mücadelede çiçek döneminde etkili mücadele yöntemlerinin araştırılması önemlidir. Bu amaçla, sağlıklı elma, armut ve ayva çiçek ve yaprak florasından izole edilen epifitik bakteri ve mayaların Erwinia amylovora’ya antagonistik etkileri in vitro, yarı in vivo ve in vivo koşullarda araştırılmıştır. 2014 ve 2015 yıllarında özellikle doğal floranın korunduğu 5 farklı ilden toplanan elma, armut, ayva çiçek ve yapraklarından yapılan izolasyonlarda toplam 564 epifitik bakteri ve maya izolatı elde edilmiştir. In vitro testler sonucunda 92 adet aday antagonist bakteri ve yedi maya izolatı etkili bulunmuştur. Bu izolatlar ile yapılan yarı in vivo denemelerde, ham armut dilimlerinde hastalık %11-78 oranında engellenirken, çiçekli sürgünlerde hastalık %8-58 oranında baskılanmıştır. Yarı in vivo testler sonucu etkili bulunan iki antagonistik izolatın (KAD3 ve PBAL10) elma ağaçlarında ateş yanıklığı hastalığını baskılama yeteneği iki ticari mikroorganizma Aureobasidium pullulans DSM 14940 ve DSM 14941 (Blossom Protect, Astranova), Bacillus subtilis QST 713 (Serenede, Bayer) ve bir fungusit Herkül (%20 Maneb + %37.5 Bakır Oksiklorür) ile karşılaştırmalı olarak yapılmıştır. Yapılan uygulamalar sonucunda hastalığın baskılanma oranı Gala çeşidinde %86-99 olarak saptanmıştır. KAD3 ve PBAL10 kodlu antagonistler hastalığı %89 ve %90 oranında baskılayarak Aureobasidium pullulans mayası ve Streptomisin antibiyotiğinden daha etkili olmuştur. Golden Delicious çeşidinde ise hastalığın baskılanma oranı %77-98 olarak saptanmıştır. PBAL10 kodlu antagonist hastalığı %95, KAD3 kodlu antagonist ise %91 oranında baskılayarak Aureobasidium pullulans mayası, Herkül fungusiti ve Streptomisin antibiyotiğinden daha etkili olmuştur. Yöresel antagonistler ve diğer uygulamalar pozitif kontrolden farklı istatistiki gurupta yer alarak etkili oldukları kanıtlanmıştır.Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, a Gram negative bacterium of the Enterobacteriaceae family, is a devastating disease of Rosaceae family. The most severe infections of the pathogen usually appear on blossoms. Copper based compounds are phytotoxic during blooming stage and usage of antibiotic are restricted in Turkey, that’s why, new approaches are in need for an effective control of disease at this stage. Thus, antagonistic efficacy of epiphytic bacteria and yeasts isolated from healthy blossoms of apple, pear and quince plants were tested in vitro, semi in vivo and in vivo conditions. A total of 564 presumptive epiphytic bacteria and yeasts were isolated from apple, pear and quince blossoms/leaves collected from five districts in Turkey with protected natural flora in 2014 and 2015. According to in vitro tests, 92 antagonistic bacteria and seven antagonistic yeasts inhibited pathogen growth. Since the pathogen inhibition on immature pear fruits ranged from 11% to 78% under semi in vivo, disease has suppressed among 8-58% on flowering shoots. Two promising antagonists (KAD3 and PBAL10) were tested under apple orchard conditions. Two commercial microorganisms Aureobasidium pullulans DSM 14940 and DSM 14941 (Blossom Protect, Astranova) and Bacillus subtilis QST 713 (Serenede, Bayer) and Herkul (%20 Maneb + %37.5 Bakır Oksiklorür) were included as controls. Antagonists and commercial products were reduced disease development from 86% to-99% in apple blossoms of cv. Gala variety. PBAL10 and KAD3 encoded antagonists were more effective than Aureobasidium pullulans yeast and Streptomycin antibiotics, suppressing the disease by 90% and 89%. In Golden Delicious variety, the rate of disease suppression was from 77% to 98%. PBAL10 and KAD3 encoded antagonists were more effective than Aureobasidium pullulans yeast, Herkul fugucide and Streptomycin antibiotics, suppressing the disease by 95% and 91%. Local antagonists and other applications have proven to be effective by taking different statistical groups than positive controls.Bu Çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi Tarafından Desteklenmiştir. Proje no: FDK-2015-5223

Treatments of antagonists and commercial biological products to control blossom infections by Erwinia amylovora.

Fire blight is the most serious bacterial disease of rosaceous plants. Erwiniaamylovora, causes severe infections in blossoms. Since copper compounds arephytotoxic at blooming stage and antibiotics are restricted in Turkey, investigationof alternative control strategies is&nbsp; important while plant trees are bloomed.Biological control of fire blight using commercial biological products provides aneffective disease management on blooming period. In this study, the efficacy ofcommercial biological products (Blossom Protect, Serenade Opti) and 99individual antagonists (92 bacteria and seven yeasts) isolated from natural florasof five district provinces (Adana, Amasya, Mersin, Osmaniye, and Siirt) in Turkeyduring 2014 and 2015 were investigated for their antagonistic effects on blossominfections by Erwinia amylovora&nbsp; using apple blossom tests under semi&nbsp; in vivoconditions with three replicates. Antagonistic microorganisms suppressed diseasedevelopment among 8,33-58,33% on apple blossoms. The most effectiveantagonistic bacterium suppressed pathogen development by 58,33%, eventhough the efficacy of this antagonist was higher than streptomycin and testedcommercial biological products. However, while the disease pressure of anotherantagonistic bacterium was similar to streptomycin and Blossom Protectcontaining the fungus, Aureobasidium pullulans by 41,67%, Serenade Opti whichcontains the antagonistic bacterium, Bacillus subtilis was 50% effective inreducing disease development. According to results, 10 antagonists werepromising in fire blight disease control. These antagonists will be treated toevaluate their ability of disease control on the apple orchard in spring of 2017 asfurther studies. This study was financially supported with Project numbers FBA-2016-5287 and FUI-2016-6563.&nbsp;</p