Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cellular and haematological changes in different types of caprine pneumonia

Goats in the tropics are often reared under the traditional extensive and semi-intensive management systems. These and other factors influence the pattern of pneumonia complex in goats. We investigated the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) cellular changes and haematological response in different types of caprine pneumonia in Nigeria. Haematological indices and BALf cells were analysed from 300 goats randomly selected from 700 goats comprising different breed, age and body scores. The pneumonia status was well characterised using standard pathological tools. Data is summarized as Mean ± SEM and compared using non-parametric statistics at 5% significance. There was leukocytosis in the pneumonic animals. The overall lavage recovery rate was 55.5%. The differences in Haemoglobin concentration, and Lymphocyte-Neutrophil ratio were significant (p<0.05). BALf changes in the neutrophil, macrophage and eosinophil counts were significantly different (p<0.05). The diagnostic features including increased percentage neutrophils, Macrophage-Neutrophil ratio and eosinophils observed in BAL were reliable and also correlated positively to the pathological findings. BAL should be considered a component of the diagnostic approach to caprine pneumonia complex, as it may accurately aid diagnosis and identification of the causal organisms.Keywords: Bronchoalveolar lavage, Haematology, Pneumonia, Comparative, Caprin

Retrospective studies on the prevalence, morphological pathology and aetiology of renal failure of dog in Lagos and Abeokuta, Nigeria

No AbstractKeywords: postmortem, renal failure, nephritis, pathology, do

The prevalence of antibodies to Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus (PPRV) in goats from rural and urban communities in Ibadan,Nigeria

Serological surveys studies on Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) infection had been on village goats with less emphasis on urban goats which are faced with high risk of the spread of the disease. With the dynamic changes associated with a disease process and the myriad of factors that enhances the spread of the disease, the need to know the present status of the disease in village and urban goats in the southwestern Nigeria where the West African dwarf (WAD) goat are located is expedient. 340 goats of different ages from selected urban and rural communities in Oyo state were screened using an indirect ELISA technique. The overall prevalence of PPRV antibodies was 63.5% with a higher rate (69.0%) in the rural goats (

Clinicopathological observations in experimental Peste Des Petit Ruminants virus and Mannheimia Haemolytica A:2 co-infection in goats

The experiment describes for the first time the clinicopathological features of the co-infection of Peste des petit Ruminants (PPR) virus and Mannheimia Haemolytica ,in goats. Twentyclinically healthygoats, six months of age were used. 15 goats were infectedby intratracheal inoculation of 1ml of pure cultured 106.5 TCID50 PPR virus grown in Baby hamster kidney cell lines, and a week later,1ml of pure culture (109 CFU) of Mannheimia haemolytica (MH)A2 to study its clinico-pathological features andfive goats served as controls. The clinical signs were observed and two goats were euthanized at predetermined intervals for gross examinations, bacteriological, virological and histopathological investigations on tissues collected using standard techniques. The clinical signs were severe and the order of manifestation was anorexia, pyrexia, dyspnea, oculo-nasal discharge, recumbency and death. The lesions observed were severe fibrinous bronchointerstitial pneumonia and pleurisy with thickened alveolar septa, edema and neutrophilic infiltrations of the interstitium with giant cells. There was also marked erosive stomatitis and acute enteritis. The average percentage lung consolidation for the infection was 7.01% and the right lung was more affected (p<0.05) while the overall mortality was 33.3%. MHA:2 and PPR virus were re-isolated from the lungs. The clinicopathological features observed showed that goats were susceptible to co- infection of PPR and Mannheimiosis which was severe and fatal. The data should help veterinarians and other medical experts to recognize cases of bacterial complicated viral infection and be informed of the approach to the treatment of such conditions

A rare occurrence of multiple zoonotic parasitosis in a Nigerian short-haired cat (Felis catus)

Cats like other domestic animals may be infected with parasites that can be transmitted directly or indirectly to humans living in the same environment. This paper reports a case of a rare multiple zoonotic parasitosis in a dead male domestic cat (Felis catus) in Ibadan, South west Nigeria. Post mortem and histopathology showed presence of parasites and typical parasitic lesions. While microscopy demonstrated the presence of Toxocara sp., Ancylostoma sp., Taenia sp. eggs and protozoan oocysts, the presence of Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium oocysts were further confirmed using nested PCR amplification and sequencing of the SAG and 18SrRNA genes respectively. The detection of multiple zoonotic parasites in the domestic cat post in situ suggests the need for caution in handling stray cats

IMMUNE RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKS TO LOCAL IBD VACCINE USING DIFFERENT ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION

Four groups of ten-day-old broilers each were vaccinated at 7 and 14 days post hatch (PH) against infectious bursal disease IBD, using the local IBD vaccine (VOM & Nigeria). The vaccine was administered using different routes; intramuscular, subcutaneous and oral. 10- day old broiler was randomly sampled from a group of 40 for the presence of IBD antibodies using qualitative and quantitative agar gel precipitation test (AGPT). The maternal antibodies in the chicks were variable, low and waned completely 12 days post hatch {PH). The group that received subcutaneous route of vaccination (sc/sc) gave consistently higher antibody titers than the oral and intramuscular route in post vaccination days. All the groups including the unvaccinated control were challenged 16 days post vaccination with a field strain. All the routes were appreciably protective (90%) against the field strain with the unvaccinated control group recording 30% mortality. However, subcutaneous route had a complete protection (100%). The gross and microscopic lesions seen in the study were consistent with IBDV. This study has shown that the maternal antibodies in the broiler chicks were low, variable and waned completely by 12 days post hatch. The subcutaneous route of vaccination achieved better response and protection when given at day 7 and day 14-post hatch. (Af. J. of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology: 2002 3(2): 95-97

Influence of minerals on the aetiology of geophagia in periurban dairy cattle in the derived Savannah of Nigeria

The aetiology of geophagia in periurban dairy cattle in Nigeria was assessed in relation to the mineral status of the serum, the herbage consumed, and the soil from where the herbage was consumed. The study was carried out using nine herds in the derived savannah zone during both the wet and dry seasons. Generally, the Na, Ca, Fe, Zn and Cu levels in the samples were adequate. However, the forages were low in Ca and the serum was deficient in Forage, soil and termite hill samples were also deficient in The low levels of P in the soil and termite hill samples showed that the consumption of sand by the cattle did not have any positive impact on their P intake. A seasonal effect was apparent (p0.05) the concentration of P in the serum, the reported cause of geophagia. Geophagia is probably caused by a marginal level of P in the serum and low levels in the forage and soil. Experimental trials will be required to confirm these observations