Assessment of the European Call and Put Options Cost of Innovative Projects

As part of the research, a method for assessing the cost of call and put options for innovative projects is suggested based on the stochastic model of Bass innovation. The resulting expressions can be used by investors to assess the value of the risk of funds loss associated with innovations. Based on the model innovation project, the assessment of project indicators is analyzed depending on various assumptions about the nature of changes and the possibility of their accounting using stochastic methods, interval mathematics and fuzzy sets. It shows possible approaches and methods for assessing the impact of changes in project data, related to both statistical properties of project revenue, and fuzzy information or uncertainty about their actual values

OCT angiography in detecting preclinical diabetic retinopathy

The invention of OCT angiography (OCTA) was a milestone in studying the early stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR). The latest findings show significant changes in foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters (FAZ area, FAZ perimeter, acirculatory index, axis ratio, FAZ angle) in diabetes mellitus patients with no ophthalmoscopic signs of DR. Many studies evaluate vessel density in superficial and deep plexuses in these patients using different methods of image processing and different qualitative and quantitative parameters. Nonperfusion areas (NA) are very important findings at the preclinical stage of DR, which can be detected in superficial and deep layers. With OCT-A it is possible not only to reveal them but also to calculate their area. Vascular tortuosity (VT) was described earlier using fundus photography. Nowadays VT can be assessed at the microcirculation level in OCT-A scans. Microaneurysms are the earliest clinical sign of DR. They can be missed in fundus photos, but easily detected with OCT-A. The aim of the current review is to analyze the latest OCT-A findings at the preclinical stage of DR and to discuss the future diagnostic value of OCT-A in DR. © Stulova A.N., Semenova N.S., Zheleznyakova A.V., Akopyan V.S., Lipatov D.V. 2021

TIME-RELATED OCT-A CHANGES IN PRECLINICAL RETINOPATHY AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH SYSTEMIC FACTORS [ОКТ-А БИОМАРКЕРЫ ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ РЕТИНОПАТИИ В ДИНАМИКЕ И ИХ СВЯЗЬ С СИСТЕМНЫМИ ФАКТОРАМИ]

Background. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a promising tool for the detection of microvascular impairment at the preclinical stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Evaluation of dynamic OCT-A changes and their association with systemic factors can help to reveal early biomarkers of DR progression. Aim: to evaluate time-related OCT-A changes and their association with systemic factors in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) patients with no apparent DR Materials and methods. 38 DM1 patients with no apparent DR and 39 healthy volunteers were included in the study. All participants underwent 7-field fundus photography, OCT and OCT-A. We analyzed OCT-A parameters (foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area (mm2), acircularity index (AI), vessel density (VD), skeletonized density (SD)) as well as the results of blood and urea tests. Results. After one year of observation, AI was significantly higher (p = 0.005) and VD0-300 was significantly lower in superficial vascular plexus (SVP, p < 0.0001) and deep capillary plexus (DCP, p = 0.032) in DM1 patients. We have also registered a positive correlation between AI and triglycerides (TG) level (r = 0.627, p = 0.007) as well as a negative correlation between ketones and VD (SVP VD0-300: r = -0.695, p = 0.030; intermediate capillary plexus (ICP, VD0-300: r = -0.551, p = 0.041; DCP, VD0-300: r = -0.704, p = 0.003; SVP, VD300-600: r = -0.853, p = 0.001). Conclusions. After one year of observation, we have registered an increase in AI level and a decline in VD in SVP and DCP which can be the earliest signs of DR progression. A significant correlation between these parameters and systemic factors indicates their role as potential DR biomarkers. © 2021 Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems. All rights reserved

DISTANT SHOCKWAVE LITHOTRIPSY IN CHILDREN

Shockwave lithotripsy implemented in the clinical practices in the 1980-s drastically altered the treatment approach for the urolithiasis and took a leading place in the therapy of this disease. The key task of the distant shockwave lithotripsy is to provide for the fast, reliable, safe and noninvasive kidney and renal duct litholysis. The article highlights the outcome of the shockwave lithotripsy application on Econolith 3000 for the treatment of 27 children. The results of the performed treatment indicated the high efficiency and low invasiveness of this method to eliminate the concrements, as well as the perspective of its use, including in the infants. Shockwave lithotripsy allows the specialists to abandon the traumatic surgeries.Key words: distant shockwave lithotripsy, urolithiasis, children

DISTANT SHOCKWAVE LITHOTRIPSY IN CHILDREN

Shockwave lithotripsy implemented in the clinical practices in the 1980-s drastically altered the treatment approach for the urolithiasis and took a leading place in the therapy of this disease. The key task of the distant shockwave lithotripsy is to provide for the fast, reliable, safe and noninvasive kidney and renal duct litholysis. The article highlights the outcome of the shockwave lithotripsy application on Econolith 3000 for the treatment of 27 children. The results of the performed treatment indicated the high efficiency and low invasiveness of this method to eliminate the concrements, as well as the perspective of its use, including in the infants. Shockwave lithotripsy allows the specialists to abandon the traumatic surgeries.Key words: distant shockwave lithotripsy, urolithiasis, children

Early functional and microcirculatory changes in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and no apparent diabetic retinopathy

BACKGROUND: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) which is reported to affect more than one-third of the global diabetic population. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) can help to reveal early biomarkers of DR to improve current diagnostic approach. AIMS: To evaluate early visual functions deficiency and OCT-A changes in patients with type 1 DM (T1DM) without clinical signs of DR. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 74 eyes of 40 T1DM patients with no apparent DR and 49 eyes of 28 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The mean duration of DM was 11,7 ± 6,1 years. All participants underwent standard ophthalmological examination, low-luminance visual acuity (LLVA) assessment, 7-field fundus photography, OCT and OCT-A. We analyzed LLVA deficit as a marker of visual function. For OCT-A scans we evaluated foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area (mm2), acircularity index (AI), vessel density (VD), skeletonized density (SD) and vessel diameter index (VDI) in superficial vascular plexus (SVP), intermediate capillary plexus (ICP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP). RESULTS: LLVA deficit was significantly higher in T1DM patients (0,16±0,05 vs 0,10±0,04, p<0,0001). We also detected a significant difference in AI level (11,47 ± 0,24 vs 1,31 ± 0,15, p<0,0001). VD was significantly lower in T1DM patients in SVP (25,37 ± 2,24%, vs 26,67 ± 1,81%, p=0,028) and DCP (17,22 ± 3,10 % vs 18,29 ± 1,95%, p=0,015) CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate early visual functions deficiency and OCT-A changes at the preclinical stage of DR. The prognostic value of these findings will be studied during longitudinal observation. © 2021 Russian Association of Endocrinologists. All rights reserved

ЛАПАРОСКОПИЧЕСКИЕ ОПЕРАЦИ У ДЕТЕЙ С ПАТОЛОГИЕЙ ПОДЖЕЛУДОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ

The article deals with the experience of laparoscopy in 33 children with defects and diseases of the pancreas. Initial experience accumulated by the authors proves that laporoscopies are still effective and low-trauma surgeries used in the correction of congenital and acquired diseases of the pancreas. The volume and technique of minimally invasive surgeries are determined by the type of pancreatic pathology, patients’ age and developed complications.В статье представлен опыт лапароскопических операций у 33 детей с пороками и заболеваниями поджелудочной железы. Накопленный авторами начальный опыт свидетельствует о том, что лапароскопические вмешательства остаются эффективными и малотравматичными операциями при коррекции врожденных и приобретенных заболеваний поджелудочной железы. Объем и техника мини-инвазивных вмешательств определяются видом патологии поджелудочной железы, возрастом больных и развившимися осложнениями

Iron-Doped Mesoporous Powders of Hydroxyapatite as Molybdenum-Impregnated Catalysts for Deep Oxidative Desulfurization of Model Fuel: Synthesis and Experimental and Theoretical Studies

Mesoporous iron-doped hydroxyapatite (HA) powders with a surface area up to 141 m2/g were synthesized and characterized by a variety of analytical and computational approaches, including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (AES-ICP), Fourier transform infrared absorption (FTIR), nitrogen adsorption-desorption (BET), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and density functional theory (DFT). Based on the data of TEM with mapping, the homogeneous distribution of Fe was evidenced. Fe3+ ions were detected by EPR, and according to DFT, Fe3+ occupied the Ca(2) position. The second part of the manuscript was dedicated to evaluating the catalytic properties of the developed HA powders for oxidative desulfurization, which is a promising alternative to hydrotreating for fuel purification. For this purpose, the molybdenum was impregnated on the HA, and iron-HA powders and the influence of its amount and the iron content were investigated. The optimal process parameters such as rotation speed, amount of H2O2, reaction time, temperature, and quantity of the catalyst were established and for the first time, to the authors' best knowledge, complete conversion of dibenzothiophene in the presence of an HA-based catalyst was achieved due to a combination of active sites of iron cations and molybdate anions

ДИСТАНЦИОННАЯ УДАРНО-ВОЛНОВАЯ ЛИТОТРИПСИЯ У ДЕТЕЙ

Shockwave lithotripsy implemented in the clinical practices in the 1980-s drastically altered the treatment approach for the urolithiasis and took a leading place in the therapy of this disease. The key task of the distant shockwave lithotripsy is to provide for the fast, reliable, safe and noninvasive kidney and renal duct litholysis. The article highlights the outcome of the shockwave lithotripsy application on Econolith 3000 for the treatment of 27 children. The results of the performed treatment indicated the high efficiency and low invasiveness of this method to eliminate the concrements, as well as the perspective of its use, including in the infants. Shockwave lithotripsy allows the specialists to abandon the traumatic surgeries.Key words: distant shockwave lithotripsy, urolithiasis, children.Внедренный в клиническую практику в 80–е годы метод ударно–волновой литотрипсии коренным образом изменил лечебную тактику при мочекаменной болезни и занял ведущее место в лечении этого заболевания. Основная задача дистанционной ударно-волновой литотрипсии заключается в обеспечении быстрого, надежного, безопасного и атравматичного разрушения камней в почках и мочеточниках. В работе представлены результаты применения метода ударно-волновой литотрипсии на аппарате «Econolith 3000» при лечении 27 детей. Результаты проведенного лечения указывают на высокую эффективность и малую инвазивность данного способа устранения конкрементов, а также перспективность его использования, в том числе у детей раннего возраста, что позволяет полностью отказаться от выполнения открытых травмирующих операций. Ключевые слова: дистанционная ударно-волновая литотрипсия, уролитиаз, дети. (Педиатрическая фармакология. – 2009;6(2):99-102