Characteristics Of Impingement Diesel Spray Adhesion On A Flat Wall

Many researchers since last decade were looking forward on improving diesel engine performance with keeping low harmful emission. Wall impingement of fuel spray is known as the main contributor to direct injection high-speed diesel combustion, so it becomes an important factor in reducing diesel exhaust emissions. Since the combustion chamber in a diesel engine is too small to mix injected fuel and surrounding gas perfectly, wall impingement of the spray is considered to be inevitable in the engine. Non-evaporated spray research for basic understanding of spray behavior is conducted. The aim of this study is to clarify the fundamental characteristics of non-evaporated impinging spray and adhesion behavior of fuel by measuring the adhering fuel mass on a wall. In this study, a fuel injection system, a high pressure vessel and an image processing unit for impingement spray were used. Experimental investigations were carried out with various injection pressures from 40 MPa to 170 MPa and ambient pressures from 0.1 MPa to 4.0 MPa. The impingement distances were set from 30 mm to 90 mm and various sizes of impingement disk were used. The results show, the adhered fuel mass affected by impingement distances. The adhered mass ratio was inversely proportional to injection pressure. Regardless of injection pressure and impingement distances, it was found that the adhered fuel mass became constant with increasing the diameter of the impingement disk. Thickness of liquid film tended to decrease with increasing of injection pressure. Moreover, the adhered fuel mass ratio decreased with an increase of the inclination angle of disk. General modified adhered mass ratio was introduced to summarize the adhered mass with combinations of various impingement distances, disk sizes, inclination angles and injection pressures. Weber number which was calculated by approaching velocity of droplet to the impingement wall was more dominant factor than the Weber number obtained by droplet absolute velocity. However, the impingement of lower Weber number droplet produced thick film and adhered fuel mass was little influenced by the Weber number. From the results of experimental works, the empirical equations concerning the adhered mass ratio were derived. At higher ambient pressure and higher the injection pressure, adhered mass fuel tended to decrease. As for long impingement distances such as 70 mm and 90 mm, adhered fuel mass in high ambient pressure condition such as 4 MPa was half of that under 1 MPa condition. Finally, it was found that the adhered mass ratio could be correlated by using Weber number and Jet number

Development of a Free-Free Transverse Beam Model Using Lateral Vibrations of Beam Conventional Method during Seismic Activity

This paper expresses the derivation of Free-Free Transverse Beam Model using lateral vibration of beam conventional method during Seismic Activity. Derivation from three mathematical models gives coshβLcosβL = 1. Then by numerical software, the graph of those mathematical models is plotted. From the plots, and using equations, the natural frequencies of those three models are identified at values of 389.5 rad/s, 2440.9 rad/s, and 6825 rad/s for ω respectively

Characteristics of Impingement Diesel Spray Adhesion on a Flat Wall

学位記番号：工博甲47

A study of steady-state thermal distribution on circular plate using ANSYS

The purpose of this study is to investigate the thermal behavior of a circular-shaped hot plate when certain thermal load is applied. The hot plate is a part of hot surface deposition test equipment, and is placed on top of a heater block. The temperature distribution on the hot plate will indicate the highest temperature, and whether the temperature generated is as per required in the hot surface deposition test. Modelling of the heater block and the steady-state thermal analysis is conducted experimentally using ANSYS Release 16.2 software. The maximum temperature of the hot plate is compared to the applied temperature on the heater block. It is shown that there is dissimilarity of temperature between the hottest spot on the hot plate surface and the temperature applied. When conducting the real deposition test, the exact required temperature of the hot plate can be obtained by altering the temperature setting and measured accurately by using thermomete

Development of a Stand-alone Solar Powered Bus Stop

This paper presents the development of a stand-alone solar photovoltaic (PV) system for bus stop at Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia. The design intent for the bus stop was to provide lighting and information to the bus stop users using reliable renewable energy system as well as to promote green technology awareness to the university residences. The stand-alone PV system was designed to power two units of CFL lamps and an LED display unit installed at the bus stop. Five units of polycrystalline photovoltaic modules with 110W rating each and four deep cycle battery units were utilized to provide three days of autonomy period for system operation. A part from that, 15 degree of tilt angle was selected for PV module placement to provide optimum energy generation as well as self cleaning for the modules. After the bus stop structure construction, the PV system was installed and commissioned. Final results from the commissioning process showed that the system is able to operate successfully as per design requirement

An Experimental Study of the Influence of Fiber Architecture on the Strength of Polymer Composite Material

The study focuses on the influence of fiber architecture (sequence and orientation) on flexural strength of glass fiber reinforced composite material. Composite materials are used increasingly in various fields such as space and aviation industries, architectural structures, shipbuilding materials, sporting goods, and interior and structural materials of automobiles due to the excellence of mechanical characteristics as well as light weight, heat resistance, and control characteristics. The main purpose of this study is to obtain the effects of fiber sequence and orientation to the flexural properties of laminated polymer composite material. Glass fiber reinforced polymer laminates are produced with each laminate consists of four layers of lamina. The matrix used is thermoset polyester with woven roving and chopped strand mat E-glass fiber as reinforcement materials. Each sample is different from another in terms of stacking sequence and orientation angles. Hand lay-up process is used to produce composite laminates and a tungsten carbide jigsaw cutter is used to cut the samples to required dimensions. The experimental work is carried out in accordance to three-point flexure test of ASTM-D790. It is noted from this work that the existence of chopped strand mat had significantly improved the flexural properties of the composite laminates

Biofuel development in Malaysia: Challenges and future prospects of palm oil biofuel

Biofuels have received a lot of interest as a result of rising energy demand which caused rapid depletion of fossil fuels and growing worries about greenhouse gas emissions. Biofuels, unlike other renewable energy sources, can supply liquid fuels, which are necessary for transportation. In this review study, the main focus is the scenario of palm oil biofuel development in Malaysia, which involves the future prospect and challenges faced by the country to fully-utilize the potential of palm oil as a renewable energy. Even with the primary driving policy, the National Biofuel Policy 2006, it is found that as of the year 2020, Malaysia is still lacking in pace and technologies in inventing top-notch quality biofuel. Although the number of articles published in the subject of biofuels is increasing, more study is required to explain current technology and its benefits, especially in Malaysia, the world's second-largest producer of oil palm

Deposit formation in the injector of a diesel engine fueled with higher blended palm biodiesel

Diesel injection nozzles are precisely machined in the micrometre order to produce a fine fuel spray that is crucial for the engine’s combustion and emission efficiency. This paper studies the deposition in a single-cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine fuel injector nozzle hole using higher blended biodiesel blends. Using B10 and B30, palm biodiesel blends in two separate engine runs, two sets of injectors are collected. The injectors are cross-sectioned to reveal the nozzle hole of the injectors. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), profilometer and electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the injector hole surface are presented. The deposit structure is more precipitate type near the inlet and changes to multi-layered type near the outlet. The deposition in the fuel injector hole using a higher biodiesel percentage (B30) produce deposits with a bigger diameter as indicated by the 70% increase in average surface roughness than the deposition in the B10 injector hole

Design Of Space Frame Chassis For UTeM Formula Varsity Race Car

This paper presents the design of a space frame chassis for a new UTeM Formula Varsity race car. New single-seat open wheel race car chassis was designed as a tube chassis construction as per required in the UTeM Formula Varsity racing competition rules and regulations. Design selection method was performed to select the final concept design of tile chassis and 3D CAD model of the selected design was later constructed using CAD software. Later, load analysis used to determine the load acting on the chassis. Low carbon steel A36 was selected for the space frame chassis construction due to low cost and good structural strength properties. Theoretical structural performance of the chassis was analyzed for both bending and torsion load cases through finite eIement analysis method performed using Generative Structural Analysis module. Results from the simulation shows that the new chassis design has a minimum torsional stiffness of 4874.5 Nm.deg-' and it is 9.5% stiffer than the previous 2010 UTeM race car chassis. The new chassis was founded to have a factor of safety approximately 15.1 in static bending condition. The results show that the new chassis is capable to operate safely as per design requirements for future Formula Varsity race event

Analysis Of Parameters Assessment On Laminated Rubber-Metal Spring For Structural Vibration

This paper presents the analysis of parameter assessment on laminated rubber-metal spring (LR-MS) for vibrating structure. Three parameters were selected for the assessment which are mass, Young’s modulus and radius. Natural rubber materials has been used to develop the LR-MS model. Three analyses were later conducted based on the selected parameters to the LR-MS performance which are natural frequency, location of the internal resonance frequency and transmissibility of internal resonance. Results of the analysis performed were plotted in frequency domain function graph. Transmissibility of laminated rubber-metal spring (LR-MS) is changed by changing the value of the parameter. This occurrence was referred to the theory from open literature then final conclusion has been make which are these parameters have a potential to give an effects and trends for LR-MS transmissibility