Spray Characteristic by using Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) and Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDV)

The main objective of this project is to study the existing of the on line size, velocity and concentration of droplets or bubbles suspended in bio ethanol and gasoline mixture. In this study, the test chamber has been fabricated to provide an optical access for laser penetration during spray injection process

Optimal load shedding for microgrids with unlimited DGs

Recent years, increasing trends on electrical supply demand, make us to search for the new alternative in supplying the electrical power. A study in micro grid system with embedded Distribution Generations (DGs) to the system is rapidly increasing. Micro grid system basically is design either operate in islanding mode or interconnect with the main grid system. In any condition, the system must have reliable power supply and operating at low transmission power loss. During the emergency state such as outages of power due to electrical or mechanical faults in the system, it is important for the system to shed any load in order to maintain the system stability and security. In order to reduce the transmission loss, it is very important to calculate best size of the DGs as well as to find the best positions in locating the DG itself.. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been applied to find and calculate the load shedding priorities based on decision alternatives which have been made. The main objective of this project is to optimize the load shedding in the micro grid system with unlimited DG’s by applied optimization technique Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). The technique is used to optimize the placement and sizing of DGs, as well as to optimal the load shedding. Several load shedding schemes have been proposed and studied in this project such as load shedding with fixed priority index, without priority index and with dynamic priority index. The proposed technique was tested on the IEEE 69 Test Bus Distribution system

Design of Modular Fixture for CNC Machining Center

Recent practice to clamp workpiece for Mazak Variaxis 630 5x II is impractical since different clamping component or fixture is installed repeatedly such as jaw chuck and movable vise to clamp different shape of the workpiece. This practice has increase the setup time of the machine as it covers installing and uninstalling of the fixture. Therefore, in order to reduce the setup time of the machine, a new fixture is to be design to clamp variable shapes and dimensions of the workpiece using the same fixture. To accomplish such criteria, a fixture with higher flexibility is needed where modular fixture suits with this kind of situation. Modular fixture is a workholding system which uses series of equipment like locators, supports, clamps, risers and other available equipment that can be attached to the fixture table. Modular fixture has high flexibility since the equipments can be positioned according to the shape and dimension of the workpiece. The first step in designing a fixture is to determine the shape and dimensions of the workpiece. Then, the external forces need to be calculated where the cutting force and cutting torque are to be determine. After external forces are evaluated, the planning to position the equipment such as locator, support and clamps are performed. This is important elements in modular fixture are the layout planning of the modular equipment to ensure the workpiece is fully constraint when subjected to external forces such as 3-2-1 locating method. After fixture planning is done, the design concept is generated by using several methods such as conceptual decomposition, functional decomposition, and morphological chart and lastly Pugh’s concept selection to select the best and practical concept. Then, the design is analyzed especially the clamping force of the clamps. Material selection process is performed after the analysis of the design is done. Next, manufacturing process is planned using the selected material and the dimensional tolerances of each part of the fixture. Then the final result is the detail design of each part is performed

A COMPARISON STUDY OF DIFFERENT EMPIRICAL MODELLING METHODS IN PREDICTING CO2 SOLUBILITY IN DIETHANOLAMINE, N-METHYLDIETHANOLAMINE AND THEIR MIXTURES

Acid gas removal from natural gas, synthesis gas and refinery gas stream is very important in plant industry to prevent corrosion in the subsequent piping and as per requirement by various organizations and companies. Because of the corrosiveness of H2S and CO2 the sales gas is required to be sweetened to contain no more than a quarter grain H2S per 100 standard cubic feet ( 4 parts per million) and to have a heating value of no less than 920 to 980 Btu/SCF, depending on the contract. The most widely used process to remove acid gas from natural gas is by using alkanlomines, and of the alkanolamines the most common are nmethyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and diethanolamine (DEA). In this study, data from Khalid Osman et al (2012), A. Benamor et al (2005) and Zhang et al (2002) will be used to simulate the solubility of CO2 in DEA and MDEA mixtures using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and the performance will be compared to show which model is better for CO2 absorption. Furthermore, data from Jou et al (1982) and Lee et al (1972) will be used to study the solubility of CO2 in pure DEA and MDEA aqueous solution and simulation of the models will be compared between the models and the reference research works mentioned earlier. MLR has proved it cannot be used to predict CO2 for pure DEA, MDEA and their mixtures. The results clearly shown that the model is pressure dependent as it has large coefficient compared to other parameters which is very small and becomes dominant in the equation thus neglecting them in predicting the CO2 loading data. ANN proved the model can be used to predict CO2 solubility in the alkanolamines and their mixtures. Developed model for DEA and MDEA mixture has an absolute relative deviation δAAD 10.47 % while for data from Khalid Osman et al (2012), A. Benamor et al (2005) and Zhang et al (2002) are 17.06%, 12.09% and 9.82% respectively. In pure alkanolamines prediction, ANN model of CO2 solubility predicted in pure DEA has δAAD 4.02% while from the experimental data of A. Benamor et al (2005) has absolute relative deviation of 4.72%. As for prediction of CO2 in pure MDEA, the model resulted δAAD of 9.77% compared to the reference paper from A. Benamor et al (2005) with 10.76%

Adsorption and desorption of copper in paddy field soil in Merlimau, Melaka / Mohd Akmal Jamal

Copper(Cu) is a red-brown metal and the chemical element of atomic number 29. Copper is essential involved in many process in plant that are exist in multiple oxidation state in vivo. Adsorption and desorption should be able done by plant so that plant will get enough nutrient. Copper is an essential micro nutrient that needed by paddy. Copper needed in paddy growth and yield formation of the rice. (Wang, 2008). So, copper can be classified as the important nutrient on paddy development and production. Even though copper had enough in the soil, the problem will be occur in the soil where the ability of the soil in adsorption and desorption of Cu to being uptake by the plant The sample had been taken at 3 places in Jasin, there are Tengah Padang, Pengkalan Samak and Sungai Rambai. The result show that the sample at Sungai Rambai seem had good soil compared to Pengkalan Samak and Tengah Padang. Because the result shows that organic matter content at Sungai Rambai higher than Pengkalan Samak and Tengah Padang. To define the rate of adsorption and desorption of the (Cu), by using the bacth method, 7 concentration of copper chloride had been used. Then by using Freundlich and Langmuir Model, we can define the rate of (Cu) adsorption and desorptio

Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship (ENT300) Business Plan : AA Pod Systems Enterprises / Mohd Akmal Ahmad

AA Pod Systems Enterprise offers pod systems product to customer – a new brand of unique, high-end devices, designed with functionality, beauty, and ease of use in mind, with good quality and affordable prices. Target market for our business pod systems is both genders. It’s because, AA Pod System’s goal is to deliver an unprecedented user experience to every customer, and to let our values shine through their products. Our business focuses more in Kedah on the market as it's the owner 's position that can easily be purchased by the consumer. In order to complain or provide feedback about our product, clients can also easily reach the company. With a true passion for craftsmanship and engineering, every product from AA Pod Systems fuses unique visuals with cutting-edge technology to create an exclusive product line. In 2014, the vape industry was still in its infancy. It was an open market, inviting an adventurous group of avid vapers and entrepreneurs to develop game changing devices with innovation and a unique vision. Akmal Ahmad was one of those innovators, and he established AA Pod Systems. 2018 has being the year of the vape pod system. AA Pod Systems has designed something revolutionary. The Orion DNA GO was this accomplishment. The first DNA chipset pod system available, the Orion has created a lot of noise and assured everyone that AA Pod Systems is always on top when it comes to innovation, design, and quality

Blood-Glucose Lowering Effect Of Swietenia Macrophylla Seed Extratcts In Normal And Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Swietenia macrophylla (meliaceae) seeds have been used in folklore for treating various diseases including diabetes. The aim of the present work was to investigate the antidiabetic activity of the plant extracts and determine the active compound(s) that might contribute to the activity. Pulverized, dried powder of S. macrophylla seeds was extracted serially with petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water by two different methods; Soxhlet extraction and maceration methods. The extracts obtained were examined for hypoglycaemic activity in normal rats, inhibition of the rise of blood glucose level in intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and antihyperglycaemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. It was found that all the extracts obtained from Soxhlet method did not possess antidiabetic activity. As for the extracts obtained from the maceration method, none of the extracts lowered the blood glucose levels in hypoglycaemic test in normal rats. However, petroleum-ether and aqueous extracts obtained by maceration method significantly inhibited the rise of blood glucose levels in IPGTT. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, only aqueous extract at 3,5 and 7 hours after administration reduced the blood glucose level. Twice daily oral administration of aqueous and petroleum-ether extracts to diabetic rats showed that only aqueous extract (1000mg/kg/daily) significantly decreased the fasting blood glucose levels after 14 days treatment. The aqueous extract of S. macrophylla seeds was then fractionated with chloroform, ethyl-acetate and n-butanol

Development of computer aided design of rectangular reinforced concrete column by using Visual Basic 6.0 / Mohd Akmal Salleh

Column is one of the vital parts in construction. It needs to be design precisely with accurate calculation in order to avoid any failure in construction. There are 2 main types of column that are Braced Column and Unbraced Column. Each of these 2 columns has its own types of classification. In order to design these column its types of classification has to be taken in consideration during calculation. However the most common column used is Braced column because buildings usually have shear walls. As the calculations in designing columns are tedious, developing a simple but yet affective software using Visual Basic is appropriate. The software will save time in designing column hence allow us to recheck our calculation easily. However, aside from calculation process of column design, the detailing and its reinforcement arrangement are also important to be determined. Finally, all the design process still refers to the design techniques of BS 8110 Part 1, BS 8110 Part 2 and BS 8110 Part 3

USM Mini Remotely Operated Vehicle: Vehicle Development & Integration.

This paper describes the development of vehicle design and hardware integration of the Mini remotely Operated Vehicle developed by members of USM Robotics Research Group

Ethnic and religious tolerance: barrier factors and improvement measures based on Malay youth perspectives in Malaysia

Ethnic and religious unity is a thing that every country wishes for not exempting Malaysia. Tolerance among the population is very much expected to achieve this. Nevertheless, ethnic and religious diversity in Malaysia is often seen as a challenge for realizing tolerance and thus creating unity. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the barrier factors for ethnic and religious tolerance while at the same time identifying proposals for improvement measures to tolerance among the community. Hence, the Focus Group Discussion or FGD study design was used by involving 20 Malay youth informants as information providers. As a result of the analysis it can be concluded that there are six themes that exist as a barrier factor to ethnic and religious tolerance, namely (i) social gap; 38.06 percent, (ii) political debate; 16.42 percent, (iii) religious differences; 16.42 percent, (iv) economic inequality; 11.94 percent, (v) rights and constitution; 11.94 percent, and (vi) primordial sentiment; 5.22 percent. Meanwhile, in addressing the problem of ethnic and religious tolerance, the informants also proposed four perspectives on improvement measures i.e. (i) social empowerment; 71.19 percent, (ii) political role; 15.25 percent, (iii) the rule of law; 10.17 percent, and (iv) maintaining the image of Islam; 3.39 percent. The issues are important to be scrutinized because the practice of good ethnic and religious tolerance can unite the community, thereby driving the stability and progress of the country