Detection Efficiency of NaI(Tl) Detector in 511–1332 keV Energy Range

As it is important to obtain accurate analytical result in an experimental research, this required quality control of the experimental system. Gamma spectrometry system can be used in a variety of different fields such as radiation and medical physics. In this paper the absolute efficiency, peak to valley ratio, and energy resolution of a 3′′×3′′ NaI(Tl) detector were determined experimentally for 511, 662, 835, 1173, 1275, and 1332 keV photon energies obtained from 22Na, 54Mn, 60Co, and 137Cs radioactive sources

Recent Developments in Seedless Grapevine Breeding

Grapes are one of the most commonly produced fruit crops in the world and are consumed as table grapes, wine grapes and dried grapes. In line with consumer demands, seedlessness continues to be an important feature that increases the chances of marketing grapes. Nearly all of the dried grapes that are offered to the world markets are seedless grapes. In addition, the demand for seedless varieties has increased steadily in the table grape trade over the years. Therefore, the production of new seedless grape varieties withlarge berries that are suitable for table consumption is one of the important goals of breeding studies in viticulture. In this study, recently bred and released new seedless grape varieties are briefly introduced, seedless grape breeding methods are summarised, and the latest developments in breeding methods are explained

3,5-Bis(4-meth­oxy­phen­yl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole

In the title compound, C23H22N2O2, the central pyrazole ring is nearly planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.046 Å) and it makes a dihedral angle of 18.5 (2)° with the phenyl ring. The dihedral angles between the phenyl and the two meth­oxy-substituted phenyl rings are 26.2 (2) and 80.6 (2)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by C—H⋯π stacking inter­actions and weak π–π inter­actions [centriod–centroid distance = 3.891 (2) Å]

1-(2-Hy­droxy­eth­yl)-4-[3-(2-trifluoro­methyl-9H-thioxanthen-9-yl­idene)prop­yl]piperazine-1,4-diium dichloride: the dihydro­chloride salt of flupentixol

In the title compound, C23H27F3N2OS+·2Cl−, the piperazinediium ring adopts a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the two outer aromatic rings of the 9H-thioxanthene unit is 40.35 (18)°. The F atoms in the trifluoro­methyl group are disordered over two sets of sites with occupancies of 0.803 (6) and 0.197 (6). In the crystal, mol­ecules are connected by N—H⋯Cl, O—H⋯Cl C—H⋯O and C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along [001]. There are also C—H⋯π inter­actions present in the crystal structure

Oxomemazine hydro­chloride

In the title compound [systematic name: 3-(5,5-dioxo­phen­othia­zin-10-yl)-N,N,2-trimethyl­propanaminium chloride], C18H23N2O2S+·Cl−, the dihedral angle between the two outer aromatic rings of the phenothia­zine unit is 30.5 (2)°. In the crystal, the components are linked by N—H⋯Cl and C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π inter­actions

1-(2-Hy­droxy­eth­yl)-4-{3-[(E)-2-(trifluoro­meth­yl)-9H-thioxanthen-9-yl­idene]prop­yl}piperazine-1,4-diium bis­(3-carb­oxy­prop-2-enoate)

In the title salt, C23H27F3N2OS+·2C4H3O4 −, a non-merohedral twin [ratio of the twin components = 0.402 (1):0.598 (1)], the –CF3 group is disordered over two sets of sites with occupancy factors in the ratio 0.873 (2):0.127 (2). The dihedral angle between the two outer aromatic rings of the 9H-thioxanthene unit, whose thio­pyran ring has a screw-boat conformation, is 33.01 (9)°. The diprotonated piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation. In the crystal, inter­molecular O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between neighboring mol­ecules form zigzag chains along the a axis and contribute to the stabilization of the packing

1,3-Bis(4-fluoro­phen­yl)-N,N′-(propane-1,3-diyl­idene)dihydroxyl­amine

The title compound, C15H12F2N2O2, crystallizes with two mol­ecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit. Both aromatic rings of both mol­ecules are disordered over two orientations [occupancy ratios of 0.768 (3):0.232 (3) and 0.770 (3):0.230 (3) for mol­ecule A and 0.789 (3):0.211 (3) and 0.789 (3):0.211 (3) for mol­ecule B]. The dihedral angles between the planes of the major and minor components of the disordered aromatic rings are 72.0 (4) and 71.2 (4)° for mol­ecule A, and 70.2 (4) and 71.5 (2)° for mol­ecule B. In the crystal, both mol­ecules form inversion dimers with R 2 2(6) ring motifs via pairs of inter­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds. The dimers are linked, forming zigzag C(7) chains along the c axis. Weak C—H⋯π inter­actions help to consolidate the packing

3-tert-Butyl-1H-isochromene-1-thione

The title compound, C13H14OS, crystallizes with two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. The unit cell contains three voids of 197 Å3, but the residual electron density (highest peak = 0.24 e Å−3 and deepest hole = −0.18 e Å−3) in the difference Fourier map suggests no solvent mol­ecule occupies this void. The crystal structure is stabilized by π–π inter­actions between the isocoumarin ring systems, with centroid–centroid distances of 3.6793 (14) and 3.6566 (15) Å

Determination of natural radioactivity levels in soil and travertine of the region of Tokat and Sivas, Turkey

WOS: 000429070100015In this study, the environmental radioactivity measurements for Tokat and Sivas provinces in the northeast of Turkey were performed. Using gamma ray spectrometry, the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in soil and travertine samples (Th-232, Ra-226, and K-40) were determined. The annual effective dose equivalent, the absorbed doses rate in air, the radium equivalent, and the external hazard index were obtained from these activities. The activity concentrations vary from 9.09 to 17.04 Bq kg(-1) for Th-232, from 36.53 to 76.95 Bq kg(-1) for Ra-226, and from 216.56 to 576.59 Bq kg(-1) for K-40 in soil samples. The activity concentrations in travertines vary from 15.99 to 21.01 Bq kg(-1) for Th-232, from 19.89 to 67.71 Bq kg(-1) for Ra-226, and from 179.89 to 314.43 Bq kg(-1) for K-40. The average dose rate in air for soil and travertine samples was 43.41 and 41.05 nGy h(-1) respectively. The obtained results are presented and compared with other studies, and the results of this study are lower than the international recommended value (55 nGy h(-1)) given by UNSCEAR (2000). The results show that the region has a background radiation level within the natural limits.Gaziosmanpasa University Scientific Research Projects Department (BAP)Gaziosmanpasa University [24/2013]This work is supported by Gaziosmanpasa University Scientific Research Projects Department (BAP) under project no. 24/2013

The impact of concurrent pelvic organ prolapse reconstructive surgery on midurethral sling procedure outcome

 Objectives: To evaluate the effect of concurrent pelvic organ prolapse (POP) reconstructive surgery on midurethral sling (MUS) procedure outcome. Material and methods: The present retrospective study included 300 women with urodynamically diagnosed stress urinary incontinence that underwent MUS procedures with or without concurrent POP reconstructive surgery. Patients were divided into four groups according to the performed surgery; 1) transobturator tape (TOT), 2) TOT with POP surgery (anterior colporrhaphy, posterior colporrhaphy and vaginal hysterectomy), 3) tension free vaginal tape (TVT), 4) TVT with POP surgery. Outcomes of surgeries for each group were evaluated postoperatively at the end of the first and sixth month by performing a cough stress test and also using the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7 (IIQ-7) and Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) questionnaires. Presence of a negative cough stress test was defined as “Cure”. Multivariate regression was used to identify the parameters for surgical failure. Results: Forty-two, 70, 49 and 139 women underwent isolated TOT, concurrent TOT and POP, isolated TVT and concurrent TVT and POP surgery, respectively. Postoperative UDI-6 score and postoperative cure rate were significantly higher in the only TOT group as compared to the TOT + POP group. However, in multiple regression analysis, women’s age, parity, body mass index, menopausal status, preoperative urodynamic parameters, MUS types and presence of any concomitant POP reconstructive surgery were found to have no significant effect on surgical outcome. Conclusions: Concurrent POP reconstructive surgery including anterior colporrhaphy, posterior colporrhaphy and vaginal hysterectomy have no affect MUS procedure outcomes