Radiological features of rare non-odontogenic lesions of the jaws

Background: The jaws can be affected by several lesions that manifest in the oral cavity, but little is known about non-odontogenic benign and malignant lesions and their radiological findings. Introduction: Our aim was to discuss the imaging findings of non-odontogenic jaw lesions to help the surgeon in the diagnosis and formulating a differential diagnosis for this vast spectrum of jaw lesions with overlapping clinical and imaging appearances. Methods: CT and MR images of the mandible, maxillofacial region, and neck were retrieved from the archive of the Radiology Department of Pamukkale University for the duration between 2012-2023 and assessed. Results: A total of 8125 CT and MR images were retrospectively analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 39.5 years in females and 43.2 in males, with a range varying from 15 to 72 years. Histopathologically approved benign and malignant non-odontogenic lesions were detected in only 19 patients out of 8125 images (0.23%). Osteomyelitis and abscess were the most common (n=3; 0.03%), followed by two cases (n=2; 0.02%) of each fibrous dysplasia, hemangioma, osteosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and multiple myeloma, and one case (n=1; 0.01%) of each ossifying fibroma, osteoma, lymphoma, metastasis, and solitary bone cyst. Conclusion: Although non-odontogenic benign and malignant lesions of the jaw are rare, awareness of the radiological features of these lesions plays an important role in their diagnosis and management.Radiology Department of Pamukkale University Medical Faculty Hospita

Relationship of side dominance and ultrasonographic measurements of pronator quadratus muscle along with handgrip and pinch strength

Aims: We ascertained effects of hand dominance in both right and left-handed volunteers on the thickness and cross sectional area (CSA) of pronator quadratus (PQ) muscle as measured by the axial and sagittal views of ultrasound imaging. Secondly, we also aimed to document the extent of the relationship between the PQ measurements and handgrip. Materials and methods: Healthy adults from the volunteer medical staff were included in the study. Handedness was assessed via The Flinders Handedness survey. The sonographic appearance of the PQ was evaluated on sagittal and axial images for both hands. CSA of PQ muscle was digitally drawn and calculated on the axial plane. Handgrip was measured by using adjustable-handle dynamometer. Results: Eighty-nine healthy volunteers were included (54 right and 35 left-handed). Significant difference was detected between dominant and non-dominant hands in CSA and muscle thickness in both right and left-handed volunteers (p<0.05). These measurements were correlated with the handgrip strength (p<0.05, r=0.55, and r=0.43 for right-handed volunteers, r=0.67 and r=0.48 for left-handed volunteers, respectively). There were also significantly high correlations between the measurements of CSA and PQ thickness of the corresponding extremity in both right-handed and left-handed volunteers (p<0.05). Conclusions: A statistically significant difference exists between dominant and non-dominant hands in CSA and muscle thickness measured by US in both right and left handed volunteers, and this is correlated with handgrip strength. Hand dominance should be considered to compare healthy and affected sites during US of PQ while investigating for occult fractures of distal forearm or PQ atrophy due to anterior interosseous nerve injury

Three-dimensional geometrical modelling of the femoral intramedullary cavity using ring cyclide model

Objectives: This study aims to investigate if geometrical modelling in addition to three-dimensional (3D) modelling will standardize models and allow performing mathematical calculations easily for the compatibility of femoral implant curvature. Patients and methods: The study included 50 subjects (27 males, 23 females; mean age 55 years; range, 21 to 84 years). The femoral shaft intramedullary cavity was resembled into a chord of the ring cyclide, where the rotational radius was centered at its smallest radius. A 3D evaluation of the left femoral computed tomography data of the subjects was used to investigate the population parameters. The fitting was defined as being between the anterior and posterior border radii in the sagittal plane. Results: The best fitting radius of implants was in between 90 to 99 cm in 72% of subjects in our sample. These radii values were lower than the mean intramedullary and cortical centerline radii which had only 62% and 50% fittings, respectively, among our population sample. The bowing radii and the smallest intramedullary width increased with the femoral length. These values were not affected by gender. Conclusion: This modelling may have value for understanding femoral shaft intramedullary cavity geometry and may be a good tool to assess implant fitting. © 2020 Turkish Joint Diseases Foundation

The popliteal surface axis may define hip anteversion

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the usability and reliability of our new axis in a three-dimensional modelling work and demonstrate if it is a reproducible method for anteversion measurement that sufficiently correlates with other computed tomography (CT)-derived gold standards including transepicondylar axis (TEA) and posterior condylar axis (PCA). Patients and methods: Three-dimensional solid models were derived from left femoral CT data of 100 participants (50 males, 50 females; mean age 57 years; range, 21 to 86). The newly proposed popliteal surface axis (PSA) was compared with TEA and PCA in terms of anteversion measurement on these solid models. Results: Popliteal surface axis was found as a reproducible reference axis in our study as it could be measured in 99% of our sample. The mean value of PSA based anteversion was (-) 1.8° which was 10.7° and 4.4° for PCA and TEA, respectively. Popliteal surface axis was perfectly correlated with PCA and TEA for anteversion measurements (p<0.001, r=0.92 for both). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the newly defined PSA may be used as an alternative method for determination of anteversion. © 2020 Turkish Joint Diseases Foundation

Carotid artery occlusion due to bacterial paranasal sinusitis

Complications of paranasal sinusitis still continue to be a serious health problem. We present an orbita-related complication of sinusitis in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis. It was not a rhinocerebral mucormycosis, but a bacterial sinusitis-induced development of left cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis and carotid artery occlusion. We discuss the diagnosis, surgical options, and clinical outcome