Opinions of Educational Administrators on Glass Ceiling Syndrome Preventing Women from Becoming Senior Managers

The purpose of this study is to reveal the opinions of educational administrators about the factors that arise from the glass ceiling syndrome which prevents women from becoming senior managers in educational organizations. In addition, in this study, suggestions have been developed for women to overcome the obstacles they face in reaching senior management positions. Qualitative method was used in this research. The research was conducted as a descriptive study in the survey model. The participants of the study consisted of educational administrators working in Niğde province. Semi-structured interview technique was used to examine and reveal the views of the participants in depth. Content analysis method was used in the analysis of data. According to the results, all participants think that women face glass ceiling barriers in the promotion of senior managerial positions. Obstacles to the glass ceiling are mostly due to individual factors. Individual factors were followed by organizational and social factors, respectively. Among the individual factors, the most important obstacles are women's negative view of management and their family responsibilities. Women do not aspire to management tasks because they require more workload and responsibility. In addition, male-dominated organizational policies and the sexist approach, which sees management as man's job are barriers for women. It has been suggested that women should be more willing and challenging to overcome the glass ceiling barriers. In addition, suggestions were made for senior management positions such as allocating quotas and providing flexible working hours for women

Transfer learning for Turkish named entity recognition on noisy text

This is an accepted manuscript of an article published by Cambridge University Press in Natural Language Engineering on 28/01/2020, available online: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1351324919000627 The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.© Cambridge University Press 2020. In this article, we investigate using deep neural networks with different word representation techniques for named entity recognition (NER) on Turkish noisy text. We argue that valuable latent features for NER can, in fact, be learned without using any hand-crafted features and/or domain-specific resources such as gazetteers and lexicons. In this regard, we utilize character-level, character n-gram-level, morpheme-level, and orthographic character-level word representations. Since noisy data with NER annotation are scarce for Turkish, we introduce a transfer learning model in order to learn infrequent entity types as an extension to the Bi-LSTM-CRF architecture by incorporating an additional conditional random field (CRF) layer that is trained on a larger (but formal) text and a noisy text simultaneously. This allows us to learn from both formal and informal/noisy text, thus improving the performance of our model further for rarely seen entity types. We experimented on Turkish as a morphologically rich language and English as a relatively morphologically poor language. We obtained an entity-level F1 score of 67.39% on Turkish noisy data and 45.30% on English noisy data, which outperforms the current state-of-art models on noisy text. The English scores are lower compared to Turkish scores because of the intense sparsity in the data introduced by the user writing styles. The results prove that using subword information significantly contributes to learning latent features for morphologically rich languages.Published versio

Almanya'daki Türk medyası ve Türk medyasının Türk göçmenlerin kültürel yapısına ve entegrasyon çabalarına etkisi

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Sakarya University Insitute of Social Sciences Abstract of Master'sTitle of the Thesis: Turkish Media in Germany and The Effects of The TurkishMedia to the Culturel Structure and Entegration of Turkish mmigrantsAuthor: Burcu AKKAYA Supervisor: Asiss. Prof. brahim KAM LDate: 30 Mayıs 2006 Nu. of pages: XI (pre text) + 128 (main body)Department: International RelationsTurks emigrated to Germany as a labour force and after providing their unision with theirfamilies they became permanent residents in Germany in the course of time. In the newlifestyle they formed in Germany, they felt the similar needs they felt in their homecountry Turkey, and gradually found the means of suffincing these needs just in the samemanner they handled them in Turkey. They brought their traditional conventions andhabits while they were emigrating from towns to big cities in Turkey, they transmittedtheir cultural and conventional customs to Germany as well. In this context, afterproviding their chief needs such as, security, accomadational and nutritional needs, theyheaded towards their concerns of belonging and within this context they fast adoptedmeans of communication, which improves rapidly, with their native country.As residents of Germany; in addition to working as an employee, with theirentrepreneurship they began to establish their own business. In the course of time, mediasector emerged as one of those business sectors. Media is a tool which has a great impactupon society. As the first immigrants could not speak and understand German languageTurkish media became the channel of getting information about the agenda.Entrepreneurs who realized this truth, enterprises both from Germany and great pressenterprises from Turkey, targeted this mass of Turkish immigrants, which amounts to 3million.Consequently, Germany being the country which inhabits the greatest number of Turkishemigrants, became the headquarters of Turkish media in Europe. This work, which issupported by specialists' views, survey results and graphics and examination of sourcespertaining to the field, is mainly about to explain in detail the rise, the progress of themedia in Germany and the media's tools, and the media's problems and its influence onthe integration of Turks. Furthermore this thesis also includes Turkish emigrantseconomical power, and their entrepreneurship potential, and the concept of diaspora andthe concept of integration as well.The content of this work is backed up by media specialists' views by one-to-oneinterviews. In the last section it can be viewed that the use of Turkish media does not leadto ghetto stratification, on the contrary Turkish media is so vital for Turkish emigrants topreserve Turkish language. And it is also apparent that the usage of Turkish media toolsis not a barrier against using German media and especially the youth makes use of bothmedias at equal rates. Turkish media plays an important role when German media fallsshort of dealing with certain subjects.Keywords: Turkish immigrants in Germany, media, integrationixSAÜ, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tez ÖzetiTezin Başlığı: ?Almanya?daki Türk Medyası Ve Türk Medyasının Türk GöçmenlerinKültürel Yapısına Ve Entegrasyon Çabalarına EtkisiTezin Yazarı: Burcu AKKAYA Danışman: Yrd. Doç. Dr. brahim KAM LKabul Tarihi: 30 Mayıs 2006 Sayfa Sayısı: XI (ön kısım) + 128 (tez)Anabilimdalı: Uluslararası lişkilerAlmanya?ya göçmen işçi olarak giden Türkler aile birleşimini de sağlayıp zamanlakalıcılaşmışlardır. Oluşturdukları yeni dünyada, kendi yurtlarında hissettikleriihtiyaçların benzerlerini, yaşadıkları Almanya?da da hissetmiş ve bunu karşılamanınyollarını bulmuşlardır. Aynen Türkiye?de köyden kente göçte geldikleri memleketlerinyaşantı kalıplarını geldikleri büyük şehre taşıdıkları gibi Almanya?ya da kültürel vegeleneksel alışkanlıklarını taşımışlardır. Bu bağlamda temel ihtiyaçlar olan güvenlik,beslenme, barınma ihtiyaçlarını giderdikten sonra aidiyetlerine yönelmiş ve buanlamda da yurtlarıyla olan iletişimlerini hızla gelişen şekillerde kurmanın yollarınıbulmaya başlamışlardır.Yaşadıkları Almanya da başkalarının yanında çalışmışlıklarının ötesindegirişimcilikleriyle kendi iş yerlerini de kurmaya başlamışlardır. Zamanla medyasektörü de bu alanlardan biri olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Medya toplumu etkileyen enönemli araçlardan biridir. Almanya?ya ilk gelen Türklerin Almancası olmadığındanTürk medyası onların gözü kulağı olmuştur. Bu gerçeği fark eden girişimciler: hemAlmanya?dan hem de Türkiye?den büyük basın kuruluşları Almanya da yaşayan üçmilyona yakın insanı hedef kitle olarak belirlemişlerdir.Dolayısıyla Almanya Türk kökenli göçmenlerin en yoğun yaşadığı ülke olarakAvrupa?nın Türk medyası merkezi haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışma Almanya?daki Türkmedyasının doğuşunu, gelişimini, medya araçlarını, sorunlarını ve entegrasyonaetkilerini uzman görüşleri, araştırma sonuçları, grafikler ve kaynak incelemesi yoluyladetaylı bir şekilde açıklamaktadır. Ayrıca Türk kökenli göçmenlerin ekonomikgücünü, girişimcilik potansiyelini, diyaspora kavramını ve entegrasyon kavramını daiçermektedir.Çalışma ve araştırma sürecinde Almanya?daki medya uzmanları ile birebir görüşmelerde yapılarak tezin kapsamı desteklenmiştir. Son bölümde de Türk medyasınıkullanmanın otomatikman bir gettolaşmaya (kapalı toplum) neden olmadığı, Türkmedyasının Almanya?daki göçmenler için özellikle Türkçe dilinin korunmasıaçışından çok önemli olduğu, Türk medyasının kullanımının Alman medyasınınkullanımına engel olmadığı, özellikle genç nesilin iki medyayı da aynı orandakullandığı görülmektedir. Türk medyası özellikle Alman medyasının yetersiz kaldığıkonularda ön plana çıkmaktadır.Anahtar kelimeler: Almanya?daki Türk göçmenler, medya, entegrasyonvii

A comparative study on the education systems in the Turkic countries

The purpose of this research is to examine the structure of education and training in the Turk World and to compare them with each other. In the study, the general structure, development and current situation of the education and training systems of the Turk World has been researched in detail and compared. In this comparative study, a horizontal approach was used that examined the elements of different education systems as a whole. The education and training systems in these countries, the stages of the educational institutions, the structure of the institutions that educate students, the admission conditions of the students to the schools, the duration of education, the status of higher education, and postgraduate education were examined, and evaluated. The education and training systems of the countries in the Turk World were first researched one by one and explanations were made in the light of the gathered information, then the tables were created with the information, the information in the tables was analysed and explanations were made under the tables. In the conclusion part, the information in the tables for all countries was summarized, the current situations were compared, and evaluations were made. At the stage of data collection; printed scientific resources such as thesis, books, journals, and articles related to the education and training systems applied in the Turk World were used. The data gathered were analysed using descriptive analysis approach according to the criteria determined with the aims of the research. As a result, it has been determined that there are similarities and differences in the structure of the education and training of the Turk World, and these determinations have been revealed. The main differences achieved are; secondary education (high school) and higher education periods, and the difference in the age of starting primary school. The duration of basic education (primary school) is the same in all countries. The Turk World should establish common quality standards in education and training, reflect these standards in their programs, and carry out remedial studies to bring education and training to the level of exclusive civilizations and put them into practice as soon as possible

Late-Onset Glaucoma-Filtrating Bleb Leak in a Penetrating Keratoplasty Patient: A Case Report

Introduction. Late-onset bleb leaks occur more frequently after the use of adjunctive antimetabolites and require surgical management to seal and preserve filtrating bleb. Case Presentation. A 48-year-old female presented with decreased visual acuity for five days in her left eye. She had a left penetrating keratoplasty one year earlier and two trabeculectomies 7 years earlier. Visual acuity was hand motions, intraocular pressure was 3 mmHg, corneal graft was clear, mature cataract was present, and axial length was 30.48 mm. The conjunctiva covering the superotemporal sclerotomy was avascular, flat, and partially lost. After heavily painting the bleb with a fluorescein, late-onset point leak was revealed. Overlying conjunctiva was excised. The atrophic, irregular, and partially absent scleral flap was covered by a processed human pericardium graft and conjunctival advancement. Postoperatively, intraocular pressure stabilized around 16 mmHg. After four months, phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation were performed. Visual acuity did not exceed 0.1 (in decimal notation) due to degenerative myopia-related macular atrophy. Corneal graft remained clear at her 6-month followup period. Conclusion. Surgical bleb revision using a pericardium graft and conjunctival advancement seems to be an effective method for treating late bleb leaks. However, careful follow-up is required for detecting recurrent leaks and elevated intraocular pressure

EFFECT OF CREATIVE DRAMA METHOD ON GEOMETRY TEACHING

Geometry holds an important place in the developmental process of mathematical thinking. When geometry is the subject in mathematics lessons, it is seen by students as an unlikeable and hard to understand. It is not easy to get students who come to school with this prejudice to like the lesson and explain it. Our aim in this research is to eliminate this prejudice using right teaching methods and make mathematics a lesson attended voluntarily and with pleasure by the students. With this aim in mind, the effect of creative drama method on students’ success for the 6th grade mathematics lesson, area of triangles subject has been researched. This study has been applied on 100 students enrolled in two different state secondary schools in Aegean Region in 2017-2018 teaching term. In this study, classes are divided into two groups as control group and experimental group and a success test designed by researchers on area of triangles subject is applied to students as pretest and final test. This test consists of 7 multiple choice and 3 open ended questions. Data obtained from the test is analyzed by statistical method. After the analysis, a meaningful difference in favor of experimental group has arisen. Based on the reviews made with the students, it is noticed that the interest of students to mathematics lesson has increased as a result of creative drama applications.  Article visualizations

Çocuk edebiyatıyla bütünleştirilmiş matematik dersinin problem çözme tutumuna, matematiksel ilişkilendirmeye ve matematik özyeterliğine etkisi

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of mathematics courses integrated with children’s literature on the problem-solving skills and strategies, the attitudes towards mathematical problem solving, the mathematical connection self-efficacy and mathematical self-efficacy levels of 8th grade students. The quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control group was used. The research was conducted with 30 students. The data were obtained by using the Attitude Scale towards Mathematical Problem-Solving, the Problem-Solving Skills and Strategies Questionnaire, the Mathematical Self-Efficacy Scale and the Mathematical Connection Self-Efficacy Scale. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov Smirnov, Shapiro Wilk, related samples t-test, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test, independent samples t-test and Mann Whitney U tests. No statistically significant difference was found between the pretest and posttest scores of the experiment and control groups. However, it was observed that there was a positive change in the scores of the experiment group in the "Assessment of the Problem Solving" sub-topic of the problem-solving skills and strategies questionnaire. This finding can contribute to the evaluation of the solution of the problem, which has an important role in the problem-solving stages. Finally, the current findings differ slightly from the literature that argues that children’s literature integration has many contributions. Some suggestions for further studies and implications have been made according to the results.Bu araştırmanın amacı, çocuk edebiyatıyla bütünleştirilmiş matematik derslerinin 8. sınıf öğrencilerinin matematik problemi çözmeye yönelik tutumlarına, problem çözme becerilerine ve stratejilerine, matematiksel ilişkilendirme özyeterlikleri ile matematiksel özyeterlik düzeylerine etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmada deneysel araştırma yöntemlerinden öntest-sontest kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırma 30 sekizinci sınıf öğrencisi ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın verileri Matematik Problemi Çözmeye Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği, Problem Çözme Beceri ve Stratejileri Anketi, Matematiksel Özyeterlik Ölçeği ve Matematiksel İlişkilendirme Özyeterlik Ölçeği kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Veriler Kolmogorov Smirnov, Shapiro Wilk, İlişkili Örneklemler T-testi, Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar testi, İlişkisiz Örneklemler T-testi ve Mann Whitney-U testleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre, çocuk edebiyatı ile bütünleştirilmiş matematik dersleri sonrası deney ve kontrol gruplarında bulunan 8. sınıf öğrencilerinin matematik problemi çözmeye yönelik tutum, matematiksel ilişkilendirme özyeterliği ve matematiksel özyeterlik düzeylerine ilişkin ön test ve son test puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır. Ancak deney grubu öğrencilerinin puanlarında problem çözme beceri ve stratejileri anketinin “Problemin Çözümünü Değerlendirme” başlığına ilişkin olumlu yönde bir değişimin olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Araştırmanın bu bulgusunun çocuk edebiyatı ve matematik öğretimi bütünleştirmesinin problem çözme aşamalarında önemli bir yeri olan problemin çözümünü değerlendirme aşamasına katkı sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir

Diagnostic value of lung ultrasonography in children with COVID-19

Background: Lung ultrasound (LUS) has been successfully used in the diagnosis of different pulmonary diseases. Present study design to determine the diagnostic value of LUS in the evaluation of children with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods and objectives: Prospective multicenter study, 40 children with confirmed COVID-19 were included. LUS was performed to all patients at admission. The chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) were performed according to the decision of the primary physicians. LUS results were compared with chest X-ray and CT findings and diagnostic performance was determined. Results: Of the 40 children median (range) was 10.5 (0.4-17.8) years. Chest X-ray and LUS were performed on all and chest CT was performed on 28 (70%) patients at the time of diagnosis. Sixteen (40%) patients had no apparent chest CT abnormalities suggestive of COVID-19, whereas 12 (30%) had abnormalities. LUS confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary involvement in 10 of 12 patients with positive CT findings. LUS demonstrated normal lung patterns among 15 of 16 patients who had normal CT features. The sensitivity and the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (area under the ROC curve) identified by the chest X-ray and LUS tests were compared and statistically significantly different (McNemar's test: p = .016 and p = .001 respectively) detected. Chest X-ray displayed false-negative results for pulmonary involvement in 75% whereas for LUS it was 16.7%. Conclusions: LUS might be a useful tool in the diagnostic steps of children with COVID-19. A reduction in chest CT assessments may be possible when LUS is used in the initial diagnostic steps for these children

Candida parapsilosis Infection After Crescentic Lamellar Wedge Resection in Pellucid Marginal Degeneration

Infectious keratitis after corneal lamellar surgery is a rare complication. In this report, we present unexpected complications after crescentic lamellar wedge resection (CLWR) and their treatment in a patient with pellucid marginal degeneration. A 42-year-old male patient developed fungal keratitis due to Candida parapsilosis in the late postoperative period after CLWR. Infection was controlled with medical treatment. However, recurrent intraocular infections and cataract formation occurred, probably due to capsular damage and inoculation of microorganisms into the crystalline lens during antifungal drug injection. Lensectomy was performed due to cataract progression and recurrence of the infection when treatment was discontinued. Amphotericin B was administered to the anterior chamber at the end of the operation. Four months later, an intraocular lens was implanted and corneal cross-linking treatment was performed. At the last visit, visual acuity reached 9/10. This case shows that good visual acuity can be achieved with appropriate treatment of fungal keratitis and all associated complications after CLWR