State of Efflux of Scavenging Air through the Scavenging Ports

In order to make clear how the efflux angle changes in a small crankcase scavenged engine cylinder and in a large loop scavenged engine cylinder, the inlet flow pattern in the single cycle model cylinder has been observed by a high speed motion camera. In general, the scavenging air stream is not effluent in the designed direction of the scavenging port at comparatively slight opening, and the efflux angle changes in proportion to port opening advance. In a small crankcase scavenged engine cylinder, to keep the scavenging air stream in the direction of the scavenging port it is effective to incline the scavenging air passage between the crankcase and the cylinder, and to make thicker the cylinder wall where located scavenging port. In a large loop scavenged engine cylinder to coincide the scavenging air stream with the direction of the scavenging port in the early stage of the scavenging, it has an effect to set the guide plate the position of 1/2 at port height

ヒト乳ガン・胃ガン細胞特異的ヒトモノクローナル抗体の作製

第1章 序論 第2章 乳ガン細胞特異的ヒトモノクローナル抗体生産性ヒト-ヒトハイブリドーマの作製 第3章 乳ガン細胞に対して作製されたヒトモノクローナル抗体の細胞株に対する反応性の検討 第4章 乳ガンに対して作製されたヒトモノクローナル抗体の認識する抗原の検索 第5章 ヒトモノクローナル抗体H15F2によって認識される乳ガン関連抗原の分離精製 第6章 胃ガン細胞特異的ヒトモノクローナル抗体生産性ヒト-ヒトハイブリドーマの作製 第7章 胃ガン細胞に対して作製されたヒトモノクローナル抗体の細胞株に対する反応性の検討 第8章 胃ガン細胞特異的ヒトモノクローナル抗体の認識する抗原の検索 第9章 ヌードマウス移植ヒト胃ガン細胞株に対するモノクローナル抗体6-3C8の反応性 第10章 ヒト-ヒトハイブリドーマの無血清培養 第11章 ヒトモノクローナル抗体の分離精製 第12章 総括Made available in DSpace on 2012-06-28T06:53:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 akiyama1.pdf: 12200510 bytes, checksum: 6cb22852f0d4b871215df50011c58c9a (MD5) akiyama2.pdf: 9934998 bytes, checksum: 58755d67c853414233a347c5c03d0b7a (MD5) akiyama3.pdf: 11754197 bytes, checksum: c020afd339d08ef1fb45e8d2bb6ca032 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994-10-20主1-参

A NEW LOOK AT TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION BY AIRE IN mTECs

The deficiency of Aire, a transcriptional regulator whose defect results in the development of autoimmunity, is associated with reduced expression of tissue-restricted self-Ags (TRAs) in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs). Although the mechanisms underlying Aire-dependent expression of TRAs need to be explored, the physical identification of the target(s) of Aire has been hampered by the low and promiscuous expression of TRAs. We have tackled this issue by engineering mice with augmented Aire expression. Integration of the transcriptomic data from Aire-augmented and Aire-deficient mTECs revealed that a large proportion of so-called Aire-dependent genes, including those of TRAs, may not be direct transcriptional targets downstream of Aire. Rather, Aire induces TRA expression indirectly through controlling the heterogeneity of mTECs, as revealed by single-cell analyses. In contrast, Ccl25 emerged as a canonical target of Aire, and we verified this both in vitro and in vivo. Our approach has illuminated the Aire’s primary targets while distinguishing them from the secondary targets

The establishment of PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) glycoprotein D gene isolated in Indonesia

Considering the increasing incidence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in Indonesia, it was necessary to conduct a more in-depth study of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) as the causative agent of IBR disease. Previous research reports indicate that the BHV-1 subtypes found in Indonesia are subtype 1.1. Currently, IBR field case detection in Indonesia still uses the serological method (ELISA), which has the potential to give false positive results and cannot explain the virus subtype. Other detection methods, such as viral isolation, take longer and require adequate resources. This study aimed to determine the BHV-1 subtypes of Indonesian isolates using molecular techniques. Nested PCR using two pairs of primers was successfully used to amplify the glycoprotein D (gD) gene. The gD gene fragment was cloned into the pGEM-T plasmid. Analysis of the gD gene sequence was subsequently carried out to determine the BHV-1 character of the Indonesian isolates. The results indicated that the isolates were different from the previous isolates, and had similarities (100%) with subtype 1.2 strain SP1777 and SM023

Disease-Free Interval Length Correlates to Prognosis of Patients Who Underwent Metastasectomy for Esophageal Lung Metastases

BackgroundPulmonary metastasectomy is a standard method for treatment of selected pulmonary metastases cases. Nevertheless, because prognosis for patients with lung metastases from esophageal cancer who have undergone pulmonary metastasectomy is poor, candidates for this method of treatment are rare. Therefore, the efficacy of surgical treatment for pulmonary metastatic lesions from esophageal cancer has not been thoroughly examined.MethodsBetween March 1984 and May 2006, 57 patients underwent resection of pulmonary metastases from primary esophageal cancer. These cases were registered in the database developed by the Metastatic Lung Tumor Study Group of Japan and were retrospectively reviewed from the registry. After excluding eight cases because of missing information, we reviewed the remaining 49 cases and examined the prognostic factors for pulmonary metastasectomy for metastases from esophageal cancer.ResultsThere were no perioperative deaths. After pulmonary metastasectomy, disease recurred in 16 (33%) of the 49 patients. The overall 5-year survival was 29.6%. Median survival time was 18 months. The survival of patients with a disease-free interval (DFI) less than 12 months was significantly lower than patients with a DFI greater than 12 months. Through multivariate analysis, we identified DFI as a clinical factor significantly related to overall survival (p = 0.04).ConclusionsWe identified that patients with a DFI less than 12 months who underwent pulmonary metastasectomy for metastases from esophageal cancer had a worse prognosis. Pulmonary metastasectomy for esophageal cancer should be considered for selected patients with a DFI ≥12 months

A Genetic Variant in the IL-17 Promoter Is Functionally Associated with Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease after Unrelated Bone Marrow Transplantation

Interleukin IL-17 is a proinflammatory cytokine that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs2275913, in the promoter region of the IL-17 gene is associated with susceptibility to ulcerative colitis. When we examined the impact of rs2275913 in a cohort consisting of 438 pairs of patients and their unrelated donors transplanted through the Japan Marrow Donor Program, the donor IL-17 197A allele was found to be associated with a higher risk of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD; hazard ratio [HR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00 to 2.13; P = 0.05). Next, we investigated the functional relevance of the rs2275913 SNP. In vitro stimulated T cells from healthy individuals possessing the 197A allele produced significantly more IL-17 than those without the 197A allele. In a gene reporter assay, the 197A allele construct induced higher luciferase activity than the 197G allele, and the difference was higher in the presence of T cell receptor activation and was abrogated by cyclosporine treatment. Moreover, the 197A allele displayed a higher affinity for the nuclear factor activated T cells (NFAT), a critical transcription factor involved in IL-17 regulation. These findings substantiate the functional relevance of the rs2275913 polymorphism and indicate that the higher IL-17 secretion by individuals with the 197A allele likely accounts for their increased risk for acute GVHD and certain autoimmune diseases